List of plant orders

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This article lists the living orders of the Viridiplantae, based primarily on the work of Ruggiero et al. 2015.[1] Living order of Lycophytes and ferns are taken from Christenhusz et al. 2011b[2] and Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group.[3] Living orders of Gymnosperms are added from Christenhusz et al. 2011a[4] while extinct orders are from Anderson, Anderson & Cleal 2007.[5]

Division Prasinodermatophyta[]

Class Prasinodermatophyceae[]

Class Palmophyllophyceae[]

Division Chlorophyta[]

Subdivision []

Class Mamiellophyceae[]

Class Pyramimonadophyceae[]

Subdivision Chlorophytina[]

Class Nephroselmidophyceae[]

  • Order Nephroselmidales

Class Picocystophyceae[]

Class []

  • Order

Class Pedinophyceae[]

Class Chlorodendrophyceae[]

Class Trebouxiophyceae[]

Class Ulvophyceae[]

Class Chlorophyceae[]

Division Streptophyta[]

Subdivision Chlorokybophytina[]

Class Mesostigmatophyceae[]

  • Order Mesostigmatales

Class Chlorokybophyceae[]

  • Order Chlorokybales

Subdivision Klebsormidiophyinta[]

Class Klebsormidiophyceae[]

  • Order Klebsormidiales

Subdivision Charophytina[]

Class Charophyceae[]

  • Order †Sycidiales
  • Order †
  • Order †
  • Order Charales (Stoenworts & musk grasses)

Subdivision Coleochaetophytina[]

Class Coleochaetophyceae[]

Subdivision Zygnematophytina[]

Class Zygnematophyceae[]

Subdivision Anthocerotophytina[7][]

Class Leiosporocerotopsida[]

  • Order Leiosporocerotales

Class Anthocerotopsida[]

  • Order Anthocerotales
  • Order Notothyladales
  • Order Phymatocerotales
  • Order Dendrocerotales

Subdivision Marchantiophytina[7][]

Class Haplomitriopsida[]

  • Order Treubiales
  • Order Calobryales

Class Marchantiopsida[]

  • Subclass Blasiidae
  • Subclass Marchantiidae (Complex thalloid liverworts)

Class Jungermanniopsida[]

Subdivision Bryophytina[8][]

Class Takakiopsida[]

  • Order Takakiales

Class Sphagnopsida[]

  • Order †Protosphagnales
  • Order Ambuchananiales
  • Order Sphagnales (Peat/bog mosses)

Class Andreaeobryopsida[]

  • Order Andreaeobryales

Class Andreaeopsida[]

  • Order Andreaeales (Granite/lantern mosses)

Class Oedipodiopsida[]

  • Order Oedipodiales

Class Tetraphidopsida[]

  • Order Tetraphidales

Class Polytrichopsida[]

  • Order Polytrichales (Hair-cap mosses)

Class Bryopsida[]

Clade †Horneophytina[]

Class †Horneophytopsida[]

  • Order †

Subdivision Tracheophytina[9][]

Class †[]

  • Order †

Class †Rhyniopsida[]

  • Order ?†
  • Order ?†
  • Order †Rhyniales

Clade †Zosterophyllophyta[]

  • Class †Barinophytopsida[10]
    • Order †Barinophytales
  • Class †Zosterophyllopsida

Class Lycopodiopsida[]

  • Order †Drepanophycales
  • Subclass †
    • Order ?†
    • Order †Asteroxylales
  • Subclass Lycopodiidae
    • Order Lycopodiales (Clubmosses, groundpines, groundcedars)
  • Subclass †
  • Subclass (Spikemosses; rose of Jericho; resurrection plant; Engels moss)
    • Order Selaginellales
    • Order †Lepidodendrales
    • Order †Pleuromeiales
    • Order Isoetales (Quillworts)

Class †[]

  • Order †

Class †Trimerophytopsida[]

  • Order †

Clade Pteridophyta[]

Class †[]

Class †[]

  • Order †
  • Order †

Class †[]

Incertae sedis[]

  • Order †
  • Order †

Clade Spermatophyta[]

  • Class †
    • Order †
    • Order †
    • Order †
  • Class †
    • Order †
    • Order †
  • Class †
    • Order †Gigantopteridales
    • Order †
  • Class †
    • Order †
    • Order †
    • Order †
  • Class †
    • Order †
    • Order †
  • Class †
    • Order †
  • Class Pinopsida
    • †Subclass
      • †Order
    • Subclass Cycadidae
      • Order ?†
      • Order †
      • Order Cycadales (Cycads)
    • Subclass Ginkgoidae
    • Subclass Pinidae
      • Order †Cordaitales
      • Order †
      • Order †
      • Order †
      • Order †
      • Order †
      • Order †
      • Order †Voltziales
      • Order †
      • Order †
      • Order †
      • Order Gnetales (incl. Ephedrales & Welwitschiales)
      • Order Pinales (Pines and allies)
      • Order Araucariales
      • Order Cupressales (Cypresses and allies)


References[]

  1. ^ Ruggiero MA, Gordon DP, Orrell TM, Bailly N, Bourgoin T, Brusca RC, et al. (2015). "A higher level classification of all living organisms". PLOS ONE. 10 (4): e0119248. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1019248R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0119248. PMC 4418965. PMID 25923521.
  2. ^ Christenhusz, Maarten J. M.; Zhang, Xian-Chun; Schneider, Harald (2011). "A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns" (PDF). Phytotaxa. 19: 7–54. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.19.1.2.
  3. ^ Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group (November 2016). "A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 54 (6): 563–603. doi:10.1111/jse.12229. S2CID 39980610.
  4. ^ Christenhusz, Maarten J. M.; Reveal, James L.; Farjon, Aljos; Gardner, Martin F.; Mill, R.R.; Chase, Mark W. (2011). "A new classification and linear sequence of extant gymnosperms" (PDF). Phytotaxa. 19: 55–70. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.19.1.3.
  5. ^ Anderson; Anderson; Cleal (2007). "Brief history of the gymnosperms: classification, biodiversity, phytogeography and ecology". Strelitzia. SANBI. 20: 280. ISBN 978-1-919976-39-6.
  6. ^ Linzhou Li; Sibo Wang; Hongli Wang; Sunil Kumar Sahu; Birger Marin; Haoyuan Li; Yan Xu; Hongping Liang; Zhen Li; Shifeng Chen; Tanja Reder; Zehra Çebi; Sebastian Wittek; Morten Petersen; Barbara Melkonian; Hongli Du; Huanming Yang; Jian Wang; Gane Ka-Shu Wong; Xun Xu; Xin Liu; Yves Van de Peer; Michael Melkonian; Huan Liu (22 June 2020). "The genome of Prasinoderma coloniale unveils the existence of a third phylum within green plants". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 4 (9): 1220–1231. doi:10.1038/s41559-020-1221-7. PMC 7455551. PMID 32572216.
  7. ^ a b Söderström; et al. (2016). "World checklist of hornworts and liverworts". PhytoKeys (59): 1–826. doi:10.3897/phytokeys.59.6261. PMC 4758082. PMID 26929706.
  8. ^ Goffinet, B.; Buck, W.R. "Classification of extant moss genera". Classification of the Bryophyta. Retrieved 7 April 2020.
  9. ^ Novíkov; Barabaš-Krasni (2015). Modern plant systematics. Liga-Pres. p. 685. doi:10.13140/RG.2.1.4745.6164. ISBN 978-966-397-276-3.
  10. ^ Hao, Shougang & Xue, Jinzhuang (2013), The early Devonian Posongchong flora of Yunnan: a contribution to an understanding of the evolution and early diversification of vascular plants, Beijing: Science Press, p. 366, ISBN 978-7-03-036616-0, retrieved 2019-10-25
  11. ^ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016), "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV", Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 181 (1): 1–20, doi:10.1111/boj.12385
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