Sulfosalt mineral
Sulfosalt minerals are those complex sulfide minerals with the general formula: AmBnSp; where A represents a metal such as copper, lead, silver, iron, and rarely mercury, zinc, vanadium; B usually represents semi-metal such as arsenic, antimony, bismuth, and rarely germanium, or metals like tin and rarely vanadium; and S is sulfur or rarely selenium or/and tellurium.[1] The Strunz classification includes the sulfosalts in a sulfides and sulfosalts superclass.[1] A group which have similar appearing formulas are the sulfarsenides (for example cobaltite (Co,Fe)AsS). In sulfarsenides the arsenic substitutes for sulfide anions whereas in the sulfosalts the arsenic substitutes for a metal cation.[2]
About 200 sulfosalt minerals are known. Examples include:[3]
As illustrated by this specimen of proustite, sulfosalt minerals are often deeply colored.
- A3BX3 type
- Pyrargyrite Ag3SbS3
- Proustite Ag3AsS3
- Tetrahedrite Cu12Sb4S13
- Tennantite Cu12As4S13
- A3BX4 type
- Enargite Cu3AsS4
- Cu3VS4
- Samsonite Ag4MnSb2S6
- Geocronite Pb14(Sb,As)6S23
- Gratonite Pb9As4S15
- A2BX3 type
- Bournonite PbCuSbS3
- Seligmannite PbCuAsS3
- Aikinite PbCuBiS3
- ABX2 type
- Boulangerite Pb5Sb4S11
- AgBiS2
- AgAsS2
- Chalcostibite CuSbS2
- CuBiS2
- Teallite PbSnS2
- A2B2X5 type
- Ag3Pb6Sb11S24
- Jamesonite Pb4FeSb6S14
- Pb2Bi2S5
- A2B3X6 type
- Andorite PbAgSb3S6
- Pb3Cu3Bi7S15
- AB2X4 type
- Zinkenite Pb9Sb22S42
- Berthierite FeSb2S4
- Cylindrite Pb3Sn4FeSb2S14
Nickel–Strunz Classification -02- Sulfosalts[]
IMA-CNMNC proposes a new hierarchical scheme (Mills et al., 2009). This list uses the Classification of Nickel–Strunz (mindat.org, 10 ed, pending publication).
- Abbreviations:
- "*" - discredited (IMA/CNMNC status).
- "?" - questionable/doubtful (IMA/CNMNC status).
- "REE" - Rare-earth element (Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu)
- "PGE" - Platinum-group element (Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt)
- 03.C Aluminofluorides, 06 Borates, 08 Vanadates (04.H V[5,6] Vanadates), 09 Silicates:
- Neso: insular (from Greek νῆσος nēsos, island)
- Soro: grouping (from Greek σωρός sōros, heap, mound (especially of corn))
- Cyclo: ring (from Greek κύκλος kyklos, wheel, ring, round)
- Ino: chain (from Greek ἴς [genitive: ἰνός inos], fibre)
- Phyllo: sheet (from Greek φύλλον phyllon, leaf)
- Tekto: three-dimensional framework (from Greek stem τεκτ- tekt- in words having to do with carpentry)
- Nickel–Strunz code scheme: NN.XY.##x
- NN: Nickel–Strunz mineral class number
- X: Nickel–Strunz mineral division letter
- Y: Nickel–Strunz mineral family letter
- ##x: Nickel–Strunz mineral/group number, x add-on letter
Class: sulfosalts[]
- 02.G Sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfobismuthites
- 02.G: IMA2007-010
- 02.GA Neso-sulfarsenites, etc., without additional S: 05 Proustite, 05 Pyrargyrite; 10 Xanthoconite, 10 ; 15 Samsonite; 20 , 20 , 25 , 25 , 25 , 25 ; 30 Aktashite, 30 , 30 ; 35 ; 40 , 40 Routhierite; 45 ; 50 Seligmannite, 50 , 50 Bournonite
- 02.GB Neso-sulfarsenites, etc.: 05 , 05 , 05 , 05 Freibergite, 05 , 05 Tennantite, 05 Tetrahedrite; 10 , 10 Stephanite; 15 , 15 , 15 , 15 Polybasite, 15 Pearceite, 15 , 15 , 20 Galkhaite
- 02.GC Poly-sulfarsenites: 05 , 05 ; 10 , 15 , 20 , 25 , 30 , 35 , 40a Aleksite, 40b , 40c , 40c , 40d , 40e ; 45 , 50
- 02.H Sulfosalts of SnS Archetype
- 02.HA With Cu, Ag, Fe (without Pb): 05 , 05 Chalcostibite; 10 Miargyrite, 15 Livingstonite; 20 Berthierite, 20 , 20 ; 25 , 25 Aramayoite
- 02.HB With Cu, Ag, Hg, Fe, Sn and Pb: 05a , 05a Aikinite, 05a , 05a , 05a , 05a , 05a , 05a , 05a , 05a Salzburgite, 05b Meneghinite, 05c ; 10a Kobellite, 10a , 10b , 10b , 10c ; 15 Jamesonite, 15 ; 20a Nagyagite, 20b , 20c , 20d Berryite, 20e
- 02.HC With only Pb: 05a Sartorite, 05a , 05a Guettardite, 05b Baumhauerite, 05b Baumhauerite-2a, 05c , 05d , 05d , 05d , 05e , 05f , 05f , 05g ; 10a Fuloppite, 10b *, 10b , 10c , 10d Semseyite, 10d ; 15 Boulangerite, 15 , 15 Plumosite*; 20 , 25 , 30 , 35 , 35
- 02.HD With Tl: 05 Lorandite, 05 ; 15 Christite, 20 , 25 , 30 , 35 , 40 , 45 Hutchinsonite, 50 , 55 , 60 Gabrielite
- 02.HE With alkalies, H2O: 05
- 02.HF With SnS and PbS archetype structure units: 20 ; 25a Abramovite, 25a , 25a Cylindrite, 25b , 25b , 25b , 25b Franckeite; 30
- 02.J Sulfosalts of PbS Archetype
- 02.JA Galena derivatives with little or no Pb: 05a IMA2005-036, 05a IMA2008-058, 05a , 05a , 05b , 05c , 05d , 05d , 05e , 05f , 05g , 05h ; 10a , 10b , 10c , 10d , 10e ; 15 , 15 ; 20 , 20 , 20
- 02.JB Galena derivatives, with Pb: 05 , 10 ; 15 Marrite, 15 Freieslebenite; 20 , 20 ; 25a , 25b , 25c , 25d , 25g , 25i IMA2008-053, 25i , 25j ; 30a Jordanite, 30a Geocronite, 30b , 30c ; 35a Zinkenite, 35b , 35c , 35d ; 40a Bursaite?, 40a , 40a , 40a Xilingolite, 40a , 40a , 40a , 40a Andorite, 40a , 40a Uchucchacuaite, 40a , 40b Aschamalmite, 40b , 40b , 40c , 40d , 40e ; 45 , 45 , 45 ; 55 Gratonite, 60 , 65
- 02.JC Galena derivatives, with Tl: 05 , 10
- 02.K Sulfarsenates, Sulfantimonates
- 02.L Unclassified Sulfosalts
- 02.LA Without essential Pb: 10 , 15 *, 20 , 25 , 30 Fettelite, 35 , 40 Arcubisite, 45 , 50 , 55 , 60 , 65
- 02.LB With essential Pb: 05 , 20 Ardaite, 30 Madocite, 35 ; 40 , 40 ; 45 , 50 , 55 Playfairite, 60 , 65
- 02.M
- 02.MA Oxysulfosalts of Alkalies and Alkali Earths: 05 , 05 ; 10 Sarabauite
- 02.X Unclassified Strunz Sulfosalts
- 02.XX Unknown: 00 , 00 *, 00 ?, 00 ?, 00 ?, 00 *
Synthetic sulfosalts[]
Many sulfosalts can be prepared in the laboratory, including many that do not occur in nature.[4]
References[]
- ^ a b "Strunz classification of sulfides and sulfosalts". Mindat.
- ^ Klein, Cornelis and Cornelius S. Hurlbut (1985). Manual of Mineralogy, 20th ed., John Wiley and Sons, New York ISBN 0-471-80580-7.
- ^ Palache, C., H. Berman, and C. Frondel (1944). Dana’s System of Mineralogy, (7th edition), v. I, pp. 348-350
- ^ Sheldrick, William S.; Wachhold, Michael "Chalcogenidometalates of the heavier Group 14 and 15 elements" Coordination Chemistry Reviews 1998, vol. 176, 211-322. doi:10.1016/S0010-8545(98)00120-9
- Mozgova N.N. (2000). Sulfosalt mineralogy today. In: Modern Approaches to Ore and Environmental Mineralogy, MSF Mini-Symposium Espoo Finland, June 11–17, 2000, https://web.archive.org/web/20050907172937/http://www.igem.ru/igem/mine/sulfosalts.htm Retrieved July 22, 2005.
- ; Makovicky, Emil; Mozgova, Nadejda N.; Jambor, John L.; Cook, Nigel; Pring, Allan; Paar, Werner; Nickel, Ernest H.; et al. (2008). "Sulfosalt systematics: a review. Report of the sulfosalt sub-committee of the IMA Commission on Ore Mineralogy" (PDF). European Journal of Mineralogy. 20 (1): 7. doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2008/0020-1778.
- Stuart J. Mills; Frédéric Hatert; Ernest H. Nickel & Giovanni Ferraris (2009). "The standardisation of mineral group hierarchies: application to recent nomenclature proposals" (PDF). Eur. J. Mineral. 21 (5): 1073–1080. doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2009/0021-1994.
- Ernest H. Nickel & Monte C. Nichols (March 2009). "IMA-CNMNC List of Mineral Names" (PDF). IMA-CNMNC.
- Ferraiolo, Jim. "Nickel–Strunz (Version 10) Classification System". webmineral.com.
- Sulfosalt minerals