Syngenta
![]() | |
![]() Group Headquarters, Basel, Switzerland | |
Type | Subsidiary |
---|---|
Industry | Agrobusiness, chemicals |
Founded | 13 November 2000 |
Headquarters | Basel, Switzerland |
Area served | Worldwide |
Key people |
|
Products | Crops Pesticides |
Revenue | ![]() |
![]() | |
![]() | |
Total assets | ![]() |
Total equity | ![]() |
Number of employees | 49,000 (2020) |
Parent | ChemChina |
Website | syngentagroup |
The Syngenta Group is a leading global provider of agricultural science and technology, in particular seeds and crop protection products, with its headquarters in Basel, Switzerland, and further locations in Chicago, Tel Aviv, and Shanghai.[2] Syngenta AG was founded in 2000 by the merger of the agrichemical businesses of Novartis and AstraZeneca, and acquired by China National Chemical Corporation (ChemChina) in 2015.[3] In 2020, the Syngenta Group was formed, bringing together Syngenta, Adama, and the agricultural business of Sinochem under a single entity.[4]
History[]
In the late 1990s, the merger of Astra AB and Zeneca created the world’s third-largest chemical and pharmaceutical manufacturer AstraZeneca.[5][6] In 2000, AstraZeneca and Novartis decided to spin off their seeds and crop protection businesses because of the limited synergies between the agricultural and healthcare sectors. This led to the creation of the Syngenta joint venture.[7] The joint venture was headquartered in Basel and was listed on the stock exchanges in London, New York, Stockholm, and Zurich.[8] AstraZeneca shareholders received 39% of the shares and Novartis shareholders received 61%.[9]
The creation of Syngenta was seen as evidence of the increasing specialization in the European chemical and pharmaceutical industry.[10] Syngenta successfully held its own in the difficult market environment of the 2000s, which was characterized by a global decline in demand in the agricultural sector.[11] Organic growth was mainly driven by investments in genetic engineering and biofuels[12] as well as various acquisitions, including Sanbei Seed from China and Zeraim Gedera from Israel.[13][14]
A milestone in Syngenta’s history was the full DNA sequencing of the rice genome in 2001 when the company also became a member of the Golden Rice research consortium and acquired patenting and commercialization rights.[15] The company waived royalty payments in markets where rice farmers were underperforming and allowed farmers to use seeds after crossing local varieties.[16] In 2004, a genetically modified sweet corn variety from Syngenta received a European Union import license, attracting significant attention. It was the first genetically modified cereal for human consumption.[17]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Syngenta_Chemical_Plant_-_geograph.org.uk_-_95239.jpg/220px-Syngenta_Chemical_Plant_-_geograph.org.uk_-_95239.jpg)
Over the years, there has been speculation that Monsanto, known primarily as a producer of glyphosate, might take over Syngenta.[18] Monsanto’s primary interest was in Syngenta’s technical solutions to pesticide-resistant weeds.[19] Both companies had long competed in important business areas, leading to legal disputes. In 2015, Monsanto made a formal offer to acquire Syngenta, but management rejected it on valuation grounds. As a result, other competitors such as Bayer, Dow Chemical, and DuPont were speculated to be potential buyers of Syngenta.
In 2015, ChemChina, a state-owned chemical company, finally took over Syngenta for a purchase price of $43 billion.[20] This, the largest takeover by a Chinese company to date, caused criticism.[21][22] Following a positive evaluation by the board of directors, the majority of Syngenta shareholders accepted ChemChina’s offer.[23] By July 2017, ChemChina had secured over 98% of Syngenta’s shares, allowing a squeeze-out of the remaining shareholders and withdrawal from the stock exchange.[24][25]
Under ChemChina’s leadership, Syngenta played a prominent role in the reorganization and consolidation of the industry.[26][27] In November 2017, Syngenta agreed to purchase Nidera from Cofco International.[28] In March 2018, Syngenta announced plans to acquire Strider, a Brazilian agri-technology company.[29] In July, Syngenta bought Floranova, a flower and vegetable seeds breeder based in the UK.[30] In September 2019, the company acquired all the assets of The Cropio Group, another agri-technology company.[31][32]
In June 2020, ChemChina transferred its entire agricultural business to the Syngenta Group,[33] which now also includes Adama and the agricultural activities of Sinochem in addition to Syngenta.[34][35] The group is headed by Erik Fyrwald (CEO), who previously ran Syngenta.[36] Chen Lichtenstein, who previously headed Adama, is CFO of the Syngenta Group.[37]
In October 2020, the company purchased Valagro, a market-leading producer of innovative Biologicals headquartered in Atessa, Italy.[38]
Operations[]
The Syngenta Group acts as a holding company. The group currently employs around 49,000 people and generates annual sales of $23 billion.[39]
Business units[]
The Syngenta Group consists of the business units Syngenta Crop Protection (crop protection), Syngenta Seeds (seeds), Adama (crop protection solutions), and Syngenta Group China. Under corporate law, the business units Syngenta Crop Protection and Syngenta Seeds are bundled in Syngenta AG. It is a public limited company headquartered in Basel (Switzerland), where the Syngenta Group headquarters are also located.[40][41] Other important locations include Chicago (United States), Tel Aviv (Israel) and Shanghai (China). The Syngenta Group has research and development departments at its sites.[42]
Acquisition history (selection)[]
![]() | This article is missing information about further acquisitions.(November 2020) |
- 2004: Garst Seed Company[43]
- 2004: Golden Harvest Seeds[44]
- 2009: Circle One Global[45]
- 2009: Synergene Seed & Technology[46]
- 2009: Pybas Vegetable Seed Co.[47]
- 2010: Maribo Seed[48]
- 2012: Pasteuria Bioscience, Inc[49]
- 2012: Devgen[50]
- 2012: Sunfield Seeds[51]
- 2013: MRI Seed Zambia Ltd[52]
- 2013: MRI Agro[53]
- 2014: Società Produttori Sementi[54]
- 2014: Lantmännen[55]
Products and services[]
Current[]
The Syngenta Group is one of the world’s largest suppliers of crop protection products (including herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides), seeds (including rice and corn), and related products. Syngenta also produces biofuels, such as biodiesel.
The company is thus following the political strategy of many countries to reduce their dependence on oil imports from other countries.[56] In 2011, it announced the corn trait Enogen to substantially reduce the consumption of water and energy versus conventional corn.[57] Several ethanol producers plan to process such improved corn. For example, Syngenta has signed a commercial agreement with Three Rivers Energy of Coshocton County, Ohio, U.S. to use grain featuring Enogen trait technology following the 2014 corn harvest.[58]
In 2007, Queensland University in Australia contracted with Syngenta to research different inputs for biofuels as a renewable energy source.[59]
The Syngenta Group also provides digital services to farmers. One example is the "AgriClime" platform, which calculates weather guarantees for farmers to assess and hedge harvest risks.[60] Syngenta Group products and services are designed to help make crops more efficient, preserve biodiversity, and combat the effects of climate change.[61]
Former[]
Syngenta’s predecessor, Ciba-Geigy, introduced the insecticide Galecron chlordimeform in 1966, which was removed from the market in 1988.[62] In 1976, Ciba-Geigy told regulatory authorities that it was temporarily withdrawing chlordimeform because of ongoing long-term toxicology studies. The studies focused on whether long-term exposure could cause cancer. The research showed that this was the case and that they had already started to monitor the exposure of their workers and had found chlordimeform and its metabolites in their urine.[63]:8–9
Ciba-Geigy then applied for, and was granted, permission to market Galecron at lower doses for use only on cotton.[64] However, as further long-term monitoring data was obtained, regulators banned chlordimeform in 1988. In a 1995 class action in the U.S., Ciba-Geigy agreed to cover costs for employee health monitoring and treatment. In 2005, Syngenta reported that employee health monitoring was continuing at the company’s Monthey, Switzerland site.[65]
Other activities[]
Lobbying[]
Syngenta is in the transparency register of the European Union as a registered lobbyist. For 2017, it declared a €1.5 to €1.75 million expenditure of lobbying in European institutions.[66]
Syngenta’s contributions to U.S. federal candidates, parties, and outside groups totaled $140,822 during the 2018 election cycle, ranking it 20th on the list of companies in its sector.[67] Its lobbying expenditures in the U.S. during 2018 were $770,000, ranking it 7th in its sector.[68]
Syngenta Foundation[]
![]() | This section contains text that is written in a promotional tone. (June 2021) |
In 2001, the company established the Syngenta Foundation for Sustainable Agriculture. Its purpose is to promote sustainable agriculture, for example by supporting relevant scientific input and analysis in this field. The Syngenta Foundation originated from the former Novartis Foundation.[69] The objectives and goals of the Syngenta Foundation are "to work with rural communities in the semi-arid regions of the world and improve their livelihoods."[70] The Syngenta Foundation addressed the World Food Day Symposium in 2005 as an output of the Millennium Ecosystem Report.[citation needed]
Syngenta Group has explicitly committed itself to the United Nations’ sustainability goals with the "Good Growth Plan", which was last renewed in 2020.[71][72] The Group has a strong commitment to research and innovation, which has been reinforced in light of the impact of the global COVID-19 pandemic.[73][74]
Awards and other recognition[]
In 2007, Syngenta’s Canadian division was named one of Canada’s Top 100 Employers, as published in Maclean’s magazine, one of only a handful of agribusiness firms to receive this honour.[75]
In October 2008, Syngenta Crop Protection Canada, Inc. was recognized as one of Waterloo Area’s Top Employers, as announced in the Waterloo Region Record, Guelph Mercury and Cambridge Times.[76] In 2011, Syngenta was named among the top 10 employers in biotechnology by Science magazine.[77] The 2011 Dow Jones Sustainability Index named Syngenta one of the best performing chemical companies worldwide. Syngenta was one of five chemical companies in the World and Europe indices based on economic, social and environmental performance.[78]
St. Gallen Symposium[]
In 2021, Syngenta Group became a main partner of St. Gallen Symposium in Switzerland, a student-led initiative to foster intergenerational and cross-cultural global dialogue. As a result of this, the company promoted science-based regenerative agriculture to curb climate change.[79]
Litigation[]
In 2001, the United States Patent and Trademark Office ruled in favor of Syngenta which had filed a suit against Bayer for patent infringement on a class of neonicotinoid insecticides. The following year Syngenta filed suits against Monsanto and other companies claiming infringement of its U.S. biotechnology patents covering genetically modified corn and cotton. In 2004, it again filed a suit against Monsanto, claiming antitrust violations related to the U.S. biotech corn seed market, and Monsanto countersued. Monsanto and Syngenta settled all litigation in 2008.[80]
Syngenta was defendant in a class action lawsuit by the city of Greenville, Illinois concerning the adverse effects of atrazine in human water supplies. The suit was settled for $105 million in May 2012.[81][82][83] A similar case involving six states has been in federal court since 2010.[84]
In the U.S., Syngenta is facing lawsuits from farmers and shipping companies regarding Viptera genetically modified corn. The plaintiffs in nearly 30 states contend that Syngenta’s introduction of Viptera drove down U.S. grain market prices, leading to financial harm, and that Syngenta acted irresponsibly by doing too little to enable shipping companies to export the grain to approved ports.[85] Before Viptera’s 2010 introduction Syngenta secured all U.S. and NCGA-recommended export approvals, but none from China. China had imported little to no U.S. grain prior to 2010, and at the time was not considered a major partner, which changed in 2010, when it dramatically increased U.S. grain imports. For three years, China imported U.S. Viptera grain without formal approval. In November 2013, Chinese officials destroyed a U.S. grain shipment containing Viptera grain and began rejecting all U.S. shipments with the GM grain, but continued to accept it from all countries other than the U.S.[85] The same year, U.S. corn market prices dropped $4 per bushel, causing over $2.9 billion in losses, with just over half of that loss occurring prior to China’s November rejection.[86] China later approved the GM corn in 2014 but U.S. corn grain market prices have since not rebounded. Syngenta lost the first lawsuit to reach trial in Kansas on 23 June 2017 and was ordered to pay the farmers $217 million.[87] However, Syngenta has stated it would appeal the verdict.
Controversies[]
In 2007, Syngenta came under scrutiny by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. This was due to third-party sales of products in countries such as Iran, Cuba, North Korea, Sudan, and Syria.[88]
In the past, Syngenta’s crop protection products have also been the subject of repeated criticism. The company was accused of including the sale of highly toxic pesticides in its business model.[89] In 2012, the company was therefore nominated for the "Public Eye Award", which denounces companies with questionable human rights practices.[90]
Brazil[]
On 21 October 2007, a Brazilian peasant organization, the [91]
, led a group of landless farmers in an invasion of one of the company’s seed research farms, in protest against genetically-engineered ("genetically modified") vegetables and in hopes of obtaining land for landless families to cultivate. After the invasion had begun, a team from NF Security arrived in a minibus and a fight with gunfire ensued. A trespasser and a security guard were killed, and some trespassers and other security guards were wounded.The Brazilian police investigation, which concluded in November 2007, blamed the confrontation and death of the trespasser on nine employees and the owner of NF Security; the leader of MST was blamed for trespassing. The inquiry found that the invader was fatally shot in the abdomen and in the leg. The security guard was shot in the head. Eight others were injured, five of them invaders.[92]
The Civil Court of Cascavel granted an order for the repossession of the site on 20 December 2007[93] and on 12 June 2008, the remaining MST members left the Santa Teresa site they had been occupying.[94] On 14 October 2008, Syngenta donated the 123-hectare station to the Agronomy Institute of Paraná (IAPAR) for research into biodiversity, recovery of degraded areas and agriculture production systems, as well as environmental education programs.
In November 2015, Judge Pedro Ivo Moreiro, of the 1st Civil Court of Cascavel, ruled that Syngenta must pay compensation to the family of Valmir Mota de Oliveira ("Keno"), who was killed in the attack, and to Isabel Nascimento dos Santos who was injured.[95][96] In his sentence the judge stated that "to refer to what happened as a confrontation is to close one’s eyes to reality, since […] there is no doubt that, in truth, it was a massacre disguised as repossession of property".[95][96] The version of events put forward by Syngenta was rejected by the Court. In May 2010 Syngenta was condemned by the IV Permanent People’s Tribunal for human rights violations in Brazil.[97]
Tyrone Hayes[]
There has been a long running conflict between Syngenta and University of California at Berkeley biologist Tyrone Hayes.
According to an article in 10 February 2014 issue of The New Yorker, Syngenta’s public-relations team took steps to discredit Hayes, whose research is purported to suggest that the Syngenta-produced chemical atrazine was responsible for abnormal development of reproductive organs in frogs. The article states that the company paid third-party critics to write articles discrediting Hayes’s work, planned to have his wife investigated, and planted hostile audience members at scientific talks given by Hayes.[98]
During a 21 February 2014 interview conducted on Democracy Now, Hayes reiterated the claims.[99] After the interview aired, Syngenta denied targeting Hayes or making any threats, calling those statements "uncorroborated and intentionally damaging" and demanding a retraction and public apology from Hayes and Democracy Now.[100]
In 2010, Syngenta forwarded an ethics complaint to the University of California Berkeley, complaining that Hayes had been sending sexually explicit and harassing e-mails to Syngenta scientists. Legal counsel from the university responded that Hayes had acknowledged sending letters having "unprofessional and offensive" content, and that he had agreed not to use similar language in future communications.[101]
The issue has been described as "one of the weirdest feuds in the history of science," by Dashka Slater in her 2012 profile of Hayes in Mother Jones magazine.[102]
References[]
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Syngenta 2019 Full Year Results" (PDF). Syngenta AG. Retrieved 14 February 2020.
- ^ Aaron KirchfeldAndrew Marc Noel, Patrick Winters (24 June 2014). "Monsanto Said to Have Weighed $40 Billion Syngenta Deal". Bloomberg News. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
- ^ "New Syngenta Group Unites Syngenta AG, ADAMA and Sinochem", CropLife, 22 June 2020, retrieved 30 October 2020
- ^ "Syngenta: China formt den größten Agrochemie-Konzern der Welt". Handelsblatt (in German). Retrieved 4 November 2020.
- ^ Andrew Ross Sorkin for the New York Times. 3 December 1999 AstraZeneca and Novartis To Shed Agricultural Units Accessed 27 May 2013
- ^ "Syngenta Begins Trading on the New York Stock Exchange". PRNewsWire. 13 November 2000. Archived from the original on 30 June 2015. Retrieved 18 March 2021.
- ^ "Neuer Stern am Agrohimmelszelt". Aargauer Zeitung (in German). 12 October 2000.
- ^ "Syngenta geht im November an die Börse". Handelsblatt (in German). 19 September 2000.
- ^ "Syngenta wird neuer Maßstab der Agrarchemie. Novartis und AstraZeneca bringen ihre entsprechenden Aktivitäten in Gemeinschaftsfirma ein". Börsen-Zeitung (in German). 3 December 1999.
- ^ "Größter Konzern für Agrochemie". Neue Vorarlberger Tageszeitung (in German). 3 December 1999.
- ^ "Syngenta behauptet sich in schwierigem Umfeld". Financial Times Deutschland (in German). 29 July 2004.
- ^ "Reiche Ernte. Das Schweizer Agrochemie-Unternehmen setzt auf Gentechnik und Biosprit – zum Wohl der Aktionäre". Focus Money (in German). 31 October 2006.
- ^ "Syngenta kauft in China". Börsen-Zeitung (in German). 15 May 2007.
- ^ "Syngenta kauft in Israel zu". Börsen-Zeitung (in German). 11 July 2007.
- ^ "Syngenta entschlüsselt Reis-DNA". Handelsblatt (in German). 26 January 2001.
- ^ WDR (31 October 2019). "Reis: Genreis". Planet Wissen (in German). Retrieved 4 November 2020.
- ^ "Zulassung für Genmais weckt Hoffnungen der Saatguthersteller". Handelsblatt (in German). 21 May 2004.
- ^ "Übernahmegerüchte um Monsanto und Syngenta". Wirtschaftsblatt (in German). 5 May 2015.
- ^ "Warum Monsanto an Syngenta interessiert ist. Das Fehlen von Lösungen für das Problem pestizidresistenten Unkrauts hat Handlungsbedarf geschaffen". Neue Zürcher Zeitung (in German). 13 May 2015.
- ^ "Chemchina in Talks To Buy Syngenta". China Daily. 14 November 2015.
- ^ "Riesenübernahme: China bietet 43 Milliarden Dollar für Syngenta". FAZ.NET (in German). ISSN 0174-4909. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
- ^ "Die Chinesen kommen". Neue Zürcher Zeitung (in German). 3 February 2016.
- ^ Aiolfi, Sergio (3 February 2016). "Verwaltungsrat leistet keinen Widerstand". Neue Zürcher Zeitung.
- ^ "ChemChina's Crosses 98% Syngenta Threshold | CHEManager". Chemanager Online. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
- ^ "ChemChina hält 98% an Syngenta - "Squeeze-out" eingeleitet". cash (in German). 13 July 2017. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
- ^ "ChemChina übernimmt Syngenta: BASF in Bedrängnis - manager magazin - Unternehmen". Manager Magazin (in German). Retrieved 4 November 2020.
- ^ Siegfried Hofmann, Bert Fröndhoff. "Syngenta attackiert Bayer in Agrochemie: Der China-Faktor". Handelsblatt (in German). Retrieved 4 November 2020.
- ^ "China's Cofco International sells Nidera seeds business to Syngenta". Reuters. 6 November 2017. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
- ^ Seaman, Jessica (29 March 2018). "Syngenta acquires Brazilian agtech company". Triad Business Journal.
- ^ Ayers, Rebecca (27 July 2018). "Syngenta acquires U.K.-based seeds breeder Floranova". Triad Business Journal.
- ^ Whittington, Lloyd (2 September 2019). "Syngenta acquires agri-business software company". Triad Business Journal. Retrieved 4 November 2019.
- ^ "Syngenta Buys Agricultural Technology Firm Cropio". Successful Farming. 2 September 2019. Retrieved 25 February 2020.
- ^ "«Syngenta Group» – Die Eigner aus China machen Syngenta chic für die Börse". Handelszeitung (in German). Retrieved 4 November 2020.
- ^ "Syngenta wird in Holding integriert". Basler Zeitung (in German). 6 January 2020.
- ^ Wirtschaft, Finanz und. "Syngenta bündelt Agrargeschäfte". Finanz und Wirtschaft (in German). Retrieved 4 November 2020.
- ^ "Dominik Feldges: Syngenta nimmt noch stärker chinesische Züge an". Neue Zürcher Zeitung (in German). 7 January 2020.
- ^ "Syngenta Group: Chen Lichtenstein zum CFO ernannt". Gabot (in German). Retrieved 4 November 2020.
- ^ "Syngenta Group Acquires Leading Biologicals Company, Valagro". BioSpace-US. Retrieved 5 November 2020.
- ^ Seraina Gross. "Syngenta: «Unsere Präsenz in der Schweiz wird noch stärker»". Handelszeitung (in German). Retrieved 4 November 2020.
- ^ "Syngenta-Hauptsitz sollin Basel bleiben". Tagesanzeiger (in German). 30 January 2020.
- ^ "Unternehmensportrait Syngenta AG". AWP Finanznachrichten (in German). 30 May 2020.
- ^ "Syngenta Group: Gründung eines globalen AgTech-Marktführers". Gabot (in German). Retrieved 4 November 2020.
- ^ "History recalled of disappearing Garst seed". AG Pro. Retrieved 5 November 2020.
- ^ "Syngenta acquires majority position in Golden Harvest". Farm Progress. 28 June 2004. Retrieved 5 November 2020.
- ^ Hopkins, Matt (11 June 2009). "Syngenta Acquires Circle One For Bio-Control Technology". AgriBusiness Global. Retrieved 5 November 2020.
- ^ "Syngenta übernimmt US-Unternehmen für Salatsaatgut". Proplanta (in German). 12 November 2009. Retrieved 5 November 2020.
- ^ "Syngenta vegetable seed varieties united as one brand". Vegetable Growers News. Retrieved 5 November 2020.
- ^ "Syngenta Acquires Maribo Seed Sugar Beet Business From Nordic Sugar". Foodingredientsfirst. Retrieved 5 November 2020.
- ^ "Syngenta to Acquire Pasteuria Bioscience | CHEManager". Chemanager Online. Retrieved 5 November 2020.
- ^ "Syngenta pays hefty premium to snap up Devgen". Reuters. 21 September 2012. Retrieved 5 November 2020.
- ^ "Syngenta To Acquire Sunfield Seeds". Foodingredientsfirst. Retrieved 5 November 2020.
- ^ "Syngenta to Acquire African Corn Seed Business". Cision Prnewswire. Retrieved 5 November 2020.
- ^ Ackermann, Benine (13 June 2018). "Good news for Zambian farmers: Syngenta helps farmers to grow". ProAgri-US. Retrieved 5 November 2020.
- ^ "Syngenta kauft italienischen Hartweizensaatgut-Produzenten". Schweizer Bauer (in German). 7 April 2014. Retrieved 5 November 2020.
- ^ "Syngenta kauft bei Lantmännen ein". Handelszeitung (in German). Retrieved 5 November 2020.
- ^ "Politik beschert Syngenta Rückenwind". Handelsblatt (in German). 10 February 2006.
- ^ Andrew Pollack (11 February 2011). "U.S. Approves Corn Modified for Ethanol". NYTimes. Retrieved 3 May 2014.
- ^ Syngenta and Three Rivers Energy signed Enogen® trait technology agreement. AgroPages, 26 Nov. 2013. Retrieved 2014-5-8
- ^ "Syngenta in Australian biofuel research". cleantech.com. 1 August 2007. Archived from the original on 1 August 2007. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
- ^ Sanjiv Rana (24 August 2020). "Syngenta, sharing weather-related risks with farmers". Chemweek. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
- ^ "Erik Fyrwald: Changing the Image of the Agrochemicals Industry". Financial Times. 28 July 2019. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
- ^ World Health Organization Chlordimeform Environmental Health Criteria, No 199. ISBN 9789241571999
- ^ Environmental Protection Agency Office Of Pesticide Programs Case Number 0141 Guidance for the Reregistration Of Pesticide Products Containing Chlordimeform or Chlordimeform Hydrochloride As Active Ingredients 059701 and 059702
- ^ "431. Chlordimeform (Pesticide residues in food: 1978 evaluations)". International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS). Retrieved 4 February 2014.
- ^ "Syngenta Global Website – Bringing plant potential to life" (PDF). Syngenta. 17 December 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 September 2006. Retrieved 4 February 2014.
- ^ "European Register". Archived from the original on 8 August 2018.
- ^ "Agricultural Services & Products: Top Contributors to Federal Candidates, Parties, and Outside Groups". Archived from the original on 8 August 2018.
- ^ "Agricultural Services & Products: Lobbying, 2018". Archived from the original on 8 August 2018.
- ^ "Zwischen Hilfe und Geschäft". Basler Zeitung (in German). 9 August 2001.
- ^ [1] Archived 31 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ B. K. Jha (2 July 2020). "Combating climate change, Syngenta launches new Good Growth Plan". Agriculture Post-GB. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
- ^ Schuller, Jil. "Syngenta erweitert seinen Good Growth Plan um Ziele für den Klimaschutz". Bauern Zeitung (in German). Retrieved 4 November 2020.
- ^ "A different look at COVID-19". Syngenta. 24 March 2020. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
- ^ Post, Agriculture (2 September 2020). "Syngenta helps farmers sell agri produce amid COVID-19 pandemic". Agriculture Post-GB. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
- ^ "Reasons for Selection 2007 Canada's Top 100 Employers". Eluta.ca. Archived from the original on 28 July 2012. Retrieved 4 February 2014.
- ^ "Reasons for Selection, 2009 Waterloo Area's Top Employers Competition". Eluta.ca. Retrieved 4 February 2014.
- ^ Milano, Carol (16 September 2011). "Innovation and Research: The Human Factor | Science Careers". Sciencecareers.sciencemag.org. Retrieved 4 February 2014.
- ^ "DJSI recognition". Syngenta. 8 September 2011. Archived from the original on 21 February 2014. Retrieved 4 February 2014.
- ^ "Syngenta Group Becomes Main Partner of St. Gallen Symposium in Switzerland". Seed Today. 17 February 2021. Retrieved 11 May 2021.
- ^ Zuhn, Donald (30 May 2008). "Monsanto and Syngenta Settle All Litigation Between the Companies". Patent Docs. Retrieved 4 February 2014.
- ^ City of Greenville v. Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc., and Syngenta AG Case No. 3:10-cv-00188-JPG-PMF, accessed 23 August 2013
- ^ Berry, Ian (25 May 2012). "Syngenta Settles Weedkiller Lawsuit-US". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 5 November 2020.
- ^ Clare Howard Special Report: Syngenta’s campaign to protect atrazine, discredit critics. Environmental Health News, 17 June 2013
- ^ Dalton, Rex (2010). "E-mails spark ethics row". Nature. 466 (7309): 913. doi:10.1038/466913a. PMID 20725013.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Syngenta Speaks Out About Viptera, Duracade Launch". Agriculture.Com. 31 October 2014. Retrieved 4 September 2015.
- ^ "Table 9--Corn and sorghum: Average prices received by farmers, United States". USDA. 17 August 2015. Archived from the original on 22 September 2015. Retrieved 4 September 2015.
- ^ Cronin Fisk, Margaret; Bross, Tim (23 June 2017). "Syngenta Loses $218 Million Verdict in First GMO Trial Test". Bloomberg. Retrieved 23 June 2017.
- ^ Oliver Stock. "Syngenta: Heikle Ware". Handelsblatt (in German). Retrieved 4 November 2020.
- ^ "Syngentas giftiges Geschäftsmodell". PublicEye (in German). Retrieved 4 November 2020.
- ^ "Zweifelhafte Ehre für Syngenta". Handelszeitung (in German). Retrieved 4 November 2020.
- ^ Doyle, Leonard (5 November 2007). "Brazilian land activist killed in dispute over experimental GM farm". The Independent. Retrieved 26 May 2013.
- ^ Miguel Portela, CASCAVEL. "Polícia indicia seguranças por morte" [Police indicate security guards for death]. Contag (in Portuguese). Retrieved 5 November 2020.
- ^ Marcus Vinícius (28 December 2007). "A multa continua" [The fine continues]. Bemparana. Archived from the original on 24 July 2013. Retrieved 5 November 2020.
- ^ "Desocupação da fazenda da multinacional Syngenta é finalizada - Bem Paraná" [Syngenta’s multinational farm is terminated]. Bemparana (in Portuguese). Retrieved 5 November 2020.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 21 November 2015. Retrieved 20 November 2015.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ^ Jump up to: a b Direitos, Terra de. "Syngenta condenada: Justiça responsabiliza empresa por morte de sem terra no Paraná" [Syngenta condemned: Justice holds company responsible for landless death in Paraná]. Terradedireitos (in Portuguese). Retrieved 10 April 2018.
- ^ Direitos, Terra de. "Syngenta é condenada na Europa por violações de direitos humanos no Brasil" [Syngenta condemned: Justice holds company responsible for landless death in Paraná]. Terradedireitos (in Portuguese). Retrieved 10 April 2018.
- ^ Aviv, Rachel. "A Valuable Reputation". The New Yorker. Retrieved 5 November 2020.
- ^ Juan Gonzalez and Amy Goodman for Democracy Now. 21 February 2014. Silencing the Scientist: Tyrone Hayes on Being Targeted by Herbicide Firm Syngenta
- ^ "Syngenta Defends Senior Scientist". Syngenta. 7 March 2014. Retrieved 22 March 2014.
- ^ Dalton, Rex (18 August 2010). "E-mails spark ethics row". Nature. 466 (7309): 913. doi:10.1038/466913a. PMID 20725013.
- ^ Slater, Dashka (January–February 2012). "The Frog of War". Mother Jones.
External links[]
![]() |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Syngenta. |
- Companies formerly listed on the New York Stock Exchange
- Companies formerly listed on the SIX Swiss Exchange
- Agriculture companies of Switzerland
- Biotechnology companies of Switzerland
- Intensive farming
- Chemical companies of Switzerland
- Multinational companies headquartered in Switzerland
- ChemChina
- Novartis
- AstraZeneca
- Companies based in Basel
- Biotechnology companies established in 2000
- Swiss brands
- 2000 establishments in Switzerland
- Companies formed by merger
- 2017 mergers and acquisitions