The Health Protection (Coronavirus, International Travel and Operator Liability) (England) Regulations 2021

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The Health Protection (Coronavirus, International Travel and Operator Liability) (England) Regulations 2021
Statutory Instrument
Citation2020 No. 582
Introduced byMatt Hancock, Secretary of State for Health and Social Care
Territorial extentEngland
Dates
Made14 May 2021
Laid before Parliament14 May 2021
Commencement17 May 2021 (2021-05-17)
Other legislation
RepealsThe Health Protection (Coronavirus, International Travel) (England) Regulations 2020
Made underPublic Health (Control of Disease) Act 1984
Status: Amended
Text of the The Health Protection (Coronavirus, International Travel and Operator Liability) (England) Regulations 2021 as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from legislation.gov.uk.

The Health Protection (Coronavirus, International Travel and Operator Liability) (England) Regulations 2021 (SI 2021/582) is a statutory instrument (SI) enacted on 17 May 2021 by the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care, Matt Hancock, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, revoking and replacing The Health Protection (Coronavirus, International Travel) (England) Regulations 2020 (SI 2020/568).

The regulations as initially enacted introduced a new traffic light system of country categorisation (similar but not identical to the revoked Exempt / Not exempt / Red list categories of SI 2020/568), with most international travellers arriving in England being placed into one of three categories depending on the highest risk-level country (Green / Amber / Red) that they had been in over the preceding 10 days. Restrictions including mandatory COVID-19 testing, home self-isolation, and hotel isolation were applied depending on the traveller's category. Direct air and/or boat journeys from certain high risk countries have also been prohibited at various times.

On 4 October 2021, the regulations were significantly amended to abolish the traffic light system, with only the Red list category being retained. Travellers (unless exempt) from Red list countries remained subject to stringent measures, including mandatory hotel quarantine, while travellers from all other countries were subject to lesser levels of restriction. From 4 October the number of countries on the Red list was generally though not consistently reduced, and after 15 December no Red list countries remained.

From 15 December 2021 non-exempt travellers from all countries are treated in the same way, and there are no countries from which travel now requires mandatory hotel quarantine

All arrivals require an approved pre-travel test such as PCR, LFD or antigen. Those fully vaccinated require a day 2 post-arrival PCR test, and do not have to isolate if that test is negative. Those not fully vaccinated must self-isolate, usually for 10 days, and take day 2 and day 8 post-arrival PCR tests.

Legal basis and commencement[]

The Health Protection (Coronavirus, International Travel) (England) Regulations 2020 (SI 2020/568) were introduced by way of a statutory instrument made by the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care, Matt Hancock, using emergency powers available to him under sections 45B, 45F(2) and 45P(2) of the Public Health (Control of Disease) Act 1984.[1] The regulations came into effect on 17 May 2021.[2]

Applicability[]

The regulations apply to most international travellers who arrive in England having begun their journey outside the Common Travel Area (CTA) (Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland, the Republic of Ireland, the Channel Islands and Isle of Man[3][4]) as well as to travellers arriving from within the CTA who have been outside the CTA in the 10 days preceding their arrival.[5] Travellers arriving in England who have remained entirely within the CTA during the preceding 10 day are mostly not affected by these regulations.

Initially, different rules applied to different categories of arrival, depending on the highest COVID-19 risk country that the person had been in during the preceding 10 days. Prior to 4 October 2021, this was based on Red, Amber and Green country lists. From 4 October 2021 it was based on a Red list of countries only and, for travellers who had not been in a Red list country, on their vaccine status and country of vaccination.[6] From 7 December the rules were tightened to require all non-exempt travellers over the age of 12, regardless of vaccination status, to take an approved test no more than two days before their final departure for England.[7]

Since 15 December 2021, with no countries remaining on the Red list,[8] arrivals from all countries are treated equally.[7] Different restrictions apply depending on whether the traveller is considered 'eligible' (roughly, fully vaccinated) or not.

'Eligible traveller' and Red list rules, from 4 October 2021[]

Prior to 4 October 2021, a 'traffic light' set of countries/territories had been maintained. On that date the concept was abandoned, with only the Red list being kept. The 4 October amendments[9] introduced a scheme based on a new category of 'eligible traveller', arriving from a non Red list country and to whom lesser restrictions apply. Special rules continue to apply to travellers who are considered 'workers'.[10]

Definition of 'eligible traveller'[]

An 'eligible traveller' is an arrival who:[11]

  • has not in the preceding 10 days been in a Red list country, and
  • who meets any of these requirements:
    • (a) can prove that they have completed a course of an authorised vaccine at least 14 days earlier, either in the UK or (for US residents only) in the US. Initially, 'authorised vaccine' meant only a vaccine approved for use in the UK or in a country regulated by the European Medicine Agency (EU member states, Andorra, Iceland, Lichtenstein, Monaco, Norway, San Marino, Vatican City), Swissmedic (Switzerland), the Food and Drug Administration (US), Australia The Therapeutic Goods Administration (Australia) or Health Canada (Canada).[12] Additional countries were add later,[13][14] and from 1 November 2021 the country of vaccination restriction was lifted so that vaccines from any country could be considered authorised.[15]
    • (b) is or has been part of a UK or US clinical trial
    • (c) can provide proof that a registered medical practitioner has advised against vaccination
    • (d) is a UK resident under the age of 18
    • (e) can prove that they have completed a course of a vaccine at least 14 days earlier under the UK vaccine rollout overseas scheme. From 11 October 2021 this can be via an EU Digital Covid Certificate.[16]

Rules applicable to eligible travellers[]

On arrival in England, an eligible traveller (unless exempt) must possess a booking for a COVID-19 day 2 PCR test, and must subsequently complete that test.[17] A traveller whose day 2 test result is positive or inconclusive, or who did not complete the test, must self-isolate for a period of 10 or 14 days.[18] Children are exempt.

From 24 October to 30 November 2021 the rules were relaxed to allow eligible travellers the option of using an approved lateral flow device rather than PCR for the day 2 test.[19] Following the emergence of the Omicron variant, the regulations were tightened again from 30 November 2021 to require all eligible travellers (unless exempt) to book and undertake a PCR test by the second day after arrival, and to self-isolate until they receive a negative result.[20]

From 7 December the rules were further tightened to require all non-exempt travellers over the age of 12, regardless of vaccination status, to possess on arrival notification of a negative result from an approved test (eg PCR, LFD or antigen) taken no more than two days before their final departure for England.[7]

Rules applicable to non eligible travellers[]

Red list arrivals[]

  • The Red list rules do not apply from 15 December 2021

Non eligible travellers who have been in a Red list country during the preceding 10 days still have to follow the pre-4 October 2021 Red list arrival rules, which largely remain in force.

Non Red list arrivals[]

  • From 15 December 2021 these rules apply to non eligible arrivals from all countries

From 7 December 2021 an approved pre-travel test (eg PCR, LFD or antigen) has to be taken by all travellers, regardless of vaccination status, no more than two days prior to the final leg of the journey to England.[7]

Requirement to pre-book day 2 and day 8 tests[]

Travellers must at their own expense pre-book a 'testing package' comprising day 2 and day 8 COVID-19 tests.[21] Children under the age of five are exempt,[22] and there is an extensive list of other exemptions and special cases.[23]

Self-isolation[]

Travellers must self-isolate at home or some other approved location[24] normally for at least 10 days, or longer if either of the tests return a positive result.[25] In some circumstances optional private tests are permitted which, if negative, allowed early release.[26] The traveller does not need to remain in isolation during that period from any person they live with at home, nor from anyone with whom they were travelling.[27]

People who are self-isolating are not allowed to leave their place of self-isolation except:[28]

  • to travel to leave England, provided they do so directly
  • to seek medical or veterinary assistance, or to obtain a COVID-19 test where required
  • to fulfil a legal obligation such as to attend court, satisfy bail conditions, or participate in legal proceedings
  • to avoid injury or illness or to escape a risk of harm
  • on compassionate grounds, such as attending certain funerals
  • to move to a different place of self-isolation
  • in exceptional circumstances, for example to obtain basic necessities such as food or medical supplies where these cannot be obtained in any other manner
  • to access critical public services.

Red list timeline from 4 October 2021[]

Red list, 4 to 11 October[]

The Red list was not amended on 4 October 2021, and remained as indicated by the rows coloured red in the table for the period up to 4 October 2021 (see below section) until 11 October, namely:

  • Afghanistan, Angola, Argentina, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Burundi, Cape Verde, Chile, Democratic Republic of Congo, Costa Rica, Cuba, Eritrea, Eswatini, Ethiopia, French Guiana, Georgia, Guyana, Indonesia, Lesotho, Malawi, Mayotte, Mexico, Mongolia, Montenegro, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Paraguay, Philippines, Réunion, Rwanda, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Uganda, Uruguay, Zambia, Zimbabwe

Red list, 11 October to 1 November[]

On 11 October, the above 47 countries were removed, leaving just seven Red list countries:[29]

  • Colombia, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Haiti, Panama, Peru and Venezuela (each having been on the red list under the new rules since 4 October)

No Red list countries, 1 to 26 November[]

On 1 November, all of the remaining countries were removed from the Red list, and from that date there were no countries to which Red list rules applied[30] until 26 November 2021. However, the Red list regulations themselves still remained in existence in case any countries need to be re-added in the future.

Red list, 26 to 28 November[]

Following identification of variant of concern SARS-CoV-2 Omicron, it was announced on 25 November 2021 that the Red list would be brought back into use, and that South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Lesotho and Eswatini would be added.[31] Regulations introduced the next day banned direct flights to England from those countries.[32] A temporary transitional provision allowed anyone arriving before 04:00 on 28 November who had during the preceding 10 days been in one of those countries to self-isolate at a location of their choice.[33] After that time the full Red list restrictions[34] apply, including mandatory hotel isolation.

Red list, from 28 November to 6 December[]

Following further concerns regarding the spread of the Omicron variant in Southern Africa, Angola, Malawi, Mozambique and Zambia were added to the Red list on 28 November.[35][36]

Red list, from 6 December to 15 December[]

Nigeria was added to the Red list on Monday 6 December 2021.[37] Passengers arriving from Nigeria prior to the 6 November commencement date were strongly encouraged to isolate at home together with their household, though no legal requirement to do so was introduced.[38]

No Red list countries, from 15 December[]

On 15 December all countries were again removed from the Red list, and arrivals from all countries are now treated in the same way.[8]

List of countries and territories, 4 October 2021 to 15 December[]

The table below shows countries that were on the Red list between 4 October and 15 December 2021. After 15 December there have been no countries on the Red list.

Red list status of countries and territories, 4 October 2021 to 15 December
Country/territory [sortable] Category 1

(Red list)

Category 2

(Not on red list)

Afghanistan 4 October 2021 – 11 October 2021[29] 11 October 2021[29] –
Angola 4 October 2021 – 11 October 2021,[29]
28 November 2021[35] – 15 December 2021[8] 		11 October 2021[29] – 28 November 2021,[35] 15 December 2021[8] –
Argentina 4 October 2021 – 11 October 2021[29] 11 October 2021[29] –
Bolivia 4 October 2021 – 11 October 2021[29] 11 October 2021[29] –
Botswana 4 October 2021 – 11 October 2021,[29]
26 November 2021[34] – 15 December 2021[8] 		11 October 2021[29] – 26 November 2021,[34] 15 December 2021[8] –
Brazil 4 October 2021 – 11 October 2021[29] 11 October 2021[29] –
Burundi 4 October 2021 – 11 October 2021[29] 11 October 2021[29] –
Cape Verde 4 October 2021 – 11 October 2021[29] 11 October 2021[29] –
Chile 4 October 2021 – 11 October 2021[29] 11 October 2021[29] –
Colombia 4 October 2021 – 1 November 2021[30] 1 November 2021[30] –
Democratic Republic of Congo 4 October 2021 – 11 October 2021[29] 11 October 2021[29] –
Costa Rica 4 October 2021 – 11 October 2021[29] 11 October 2021[29] –
Cuba 4 October 2021 – 11 October 2021[29] 11 October 2021[29] –
Dominican Republic 4 October 2021 – 1 November 2021[30] 1 November 2021[30] –
Ecuador 4 October 2021 – 1 November 2021[30] 1 November 2021[30] –
Eritrea 4 October 2021 – 11 October 2021[29] 11 October 2021[29] –
Eswatini 4 October 2021 – 11 October 2021,[29]
26 November 2021[34] – 15 December 2021[8] 		11 October 2021[29] – 26 November 2021,[34] 15 December 2021[8] –
Ethiopia 4 October 2021 – 11 October 2021[29] 11 October 2021[29] –
French Guiana 4 October 2021 – 11 October 2021[29] 11 October 2021[29] –
Georgia 4 October 2021 – 11 October 2021[29] 11 October 2021[29] –
Guyana 4 October 2021 – 11 October 2021[29] 11 October 2021[29] –
Haiti 4 October 2021 – 1 November 2021[30] 1 November 2021[30] –
Indonesia 4 October 2021 – 11 October 2021[29] 11 October 2021[29] –
Lesotho 4 October 2021 – 11 October 2021,[29]
26 November 2021[34] – 15 December 2021[8] 		11 October 2021[29] – 26 November 2021,[34] 15 December 2021[8] –
Malawi 4 October 2021 – 11 October 2021,[29]
28 November 2021[35] – 15 December 2021[8] 		11 October 2021[29] – 28 November 2021,[35] 15 December 2021[8] –
Mayotte 4 October 2021 – 11 October 2021[29] 11 October 2021[29] –
Mexico 4 October 2021 – 11 October 2021[29] 11 October 2021[29] –
Mongolia 4 October 2021 – 11 October 2021[29] 11 October 2021[29] –
Montenegro 4 October 2021 – 11 October 2021[29] 11 October 2021[29] –
Mozambique 4 October 2021 – 11 October 2021,[29]
28 November 2021[35] – 15 December 2021[8] 		11 October 2021[29] – 28 November 2021,[35] 15 December 2021[8] –
Myanmar 4 October 2021 – 11 October 2021[29] 11 October 2021[29] –
Namibi 4 October 2021 – 11 October 2021,[29]
26 November 2021[34] – 15 December 2021[8] 		11 October 2021[29] – 26 November 2021,[34] 15 December 2021[8] –
Nepal 4 October 2021 – 11 October 2021[29] 11 October 2021[29] –
Nigeria 6 December 2021[37] – 15 December 2021[8] 4 October 2021 – 6 December 2021,[37] 15 December 2021[8] –
Panama 4 October 2021 – 1 November 2021[30] 1 November 2021[30] –
Paraguay 4 October 2021 – 11 October 2021[29] 11 October 2021[29] –
Peru 4 October 2021 – 1 November 2021[30] 1 November 2021[30] –
Philippines 4 October 2021 – 11 October 2021[29] 11 October 2021[29] –
Réunion 4 October 2021 – 11 October 2021[29] 11 October 2021[29] –
Rwanda 4 October 2021 – 11 October 2021[29] 11 October 2021[29] –
Seychelles 4 October 2021 – 11 October 2021[29] 11 October 2021[29] –
Sierra Leone 4 October 2021 – 11 October 2021[29] 11 October 2021[29] –
Somalia 4 October 2021 – 11 October 2021[29] 11 October 2021[29] –
South Africa 4 October 2021 – 11 October 2021,[29]
26 November 2021[34] – 15 December 2021[8] 		11 October 2021[29] – 26 November 2021,[34] 15 December 2021[8] –
Sudan 4 October 2021 – 11 October 2021[29] 11 October 2021[29] –
Suriname 4 October 2021 – 11 October 2021[29] 11 October 2021[29] –
Tanzania 4 October 2021 – 11 October 2021[29] 11 October 2021[29] –
Thailand 4 October 2021 – 11 October 2021[29] 11 October 2021[29] –
Trinidad and Tobago 4 October 2021 – 11 October 2021[29] 11 October 2021[29] –
Tunisia 4 October 2021 – 11 October 2021[29] 11 October 2021[29] –
Uganda 4 October 2021 – 11 October 2021[29] 11 October 2021[29] –
Uruguay 4 October 2021 – 11 October 2021[29] 11 October 2021[29] –
Venezuela 4 October 2021 – 1 November 2021[30] 1 November 2021[30] –
Zambia 4 October 2021 – 11 October 2021,[29]
28 November 2021[35] – 15 December 2021[8] 		11 October 2021[29] – 28 November 2021,[35] 15 December 2021[8] –
Zimbabwe 4 October 2021 – 11 October 2021,[29]
26 November 2021[34] – 15 December 2021[8] 		11 October 2021[29] – 26 November 2021,[34] 15 December 2021[8] –

'Traffic light' rules, 17 May 2021 to 4 October 2021[]

Green list arrivals, 17 May to 4 October 2021[]

  • The rules in this section were abolished on 4 October 2021.[9]

Places listed in schedule 1 to the Regulations, legally "Category 1 countries and territories", were commonly referred to as the "Green list". The following rules applied to all arrivals (unless exempt) who had been in a Green list country during the preceding 10 days, and who had NOT been in any Amber or Red list country.

Requirement to provide information[]

Travellers had to provide information on a passenger locator form in prescribed format which must be completed on arrival into England[3] or, for passengers on the Eurotunnel Shuttle, at immigration control in Calais.[39] Alternatively, passengers could complete the form up to 48 hours in advance.[40]

The required information included the passenger's personal data, journey details, and details of the place they intended to stay during the next 10 days or to self-isolate if required.[41] COVID-19 testing details could also be required.[42]

There were exemptions for certain government contractors, foreign government officials, transport workers, seamen, aircrew, channel tunnel workers, transit passengers, road hauliers, essential and emergency workers, offshore oil workers, some specialist, clinical and medical workers, seasonal workers, people who have to travel for work at least weekly, and elite sportspeople.[43] Also exempt were members of diplomatic or consular missions, representatives of international organisations afforded privileges and immunities in the UK, diplomatic and consular couriers, government representatives on official business, and some members of their households.[43]

Requirement to possess negative test result[]

On arrival in England (or at immigration control in Calais[44]), travellers had on request to present notification of a negative COVID-19 test result.[45] The test had to be of an approved type, and administered no more than three days earlier.[46]

There were exemptions for children under the age of 11, certain government contractors, foreign government officials, seamen, aircrew, channel tunnel workers, and road hauliers.[43]

Requirement to pre-book a day 2 test[]

Travellers had at their own expense to pre-book an additional COVID-19 test, to be taken on day 2 after arrival.[47] If the result of the test was negative, there were no further restrictions and no requirement to self-isolate. If positive, the person had to self-isolate as described below in connection with Amber country arrivals.[48]

Children under the age of five were exempt from the testing requirement,[22] and there was an extensive list of other exemptions and special cases.[23]

Amber list arrivals[]

  • The self-isolation rules and exemptions of this section were largely retained by the 4 October 2021 amendments, re-purposed as rules for non Red list non eligible travellers.[9]

The "Category 2 countries and territories" of the regulations as initially enacted were countries not in the Common Travel Area that were not listed in schedules 1 or 3, these were commonly referred to as the "Amber list". Any country not mentioned by name was automatically deemed to be on the Amber list. The following rules applied to all arrivals (unless exempt) who had been in an Amber list country during the preceding 10 days, and who had NOT been in any Red list country.

Requirement to provide information[]

Same as arrivals from Green list countries.

Requirement to possess negative test result[]

Same as arrivals from Green list countries.

From 7 December 2021 a pre-travel PCR test had to be taken by all travellers, regardless of vaccination status, no more than two days prior to the final leg of the journey to England.[7]

Requirement to pre-book day 2 and day 8 tests[]

Travellers had at their own expense to pre-book a 'testing package' comprising additional day 2 and day 8 COVID-19 tests.[21] Children under the age of five were exempt,[22] and there was an extensive list of other exemptions and special cases.[23]

Self-isolation[]

Travellers had to self-isolate at home or some other approved location[24] normally for at least 10 days, or longer if either of the tests returned a positive result.[25] In some circumstances optional private tests were permitted which, if negative, allowed early release.[26] The traveller did not need to remain in isolation during that period from any person they live with at home, nor from anyone with whom they were travelling.[27]

People who were self-isolating were not allowed to leave their place of self-isolation except:[28]

  • to travel to leave England, provided they do so directly
  • to seek medical or veterinary assistance, or to obtain a COVID-19 test where required
  • to fulfil a legal obligation such as to attend court, satisfy bail conditions, or participate in legal proceedings
  • to avoid injury or illness or to escape a risk of harm
  • on compassionate grounds, such as attending certain funerals
  • to move to a different place of self-isolation
  • in exceptional circumstances, for example to obtain basic necessities such as food or medical supplies where these cannot be obtained in any other manner
  • to access critical public services.

Some road hauliers could self-isolate in the sleeping cab of a goods vehicle,[49] in which case they could also go outside for sanitary reasons, to take exercise, and to inspect, load or refuel the vehicle.[50]

Amber list exemptions from 19 July 2021[]

From 19 July 2021 some arrivals from Amber list were exempted from the need to self-isolate.[51] To be exempt, the arrival must not during the preceding 10 days have visited any Red list country, and must have completed a course of vaccination in the UK or as part of the UK roll-out overseas, the final dose being at least 14 days earlier. Children normally resident in the UK were also exempt, as were adults who had been involved in a UK clinical vaccine trial.[52] Exempt Amber list arrivals also benefited from reduced testing requirements, and did not need book or undertake a day 8 test.[53]

Between 19 July and 8 August 2021, travellers who had visited Metropolitan France within the preceding 10 days were treated differently from other Amber list arrivals, in that the exemption mentioned in the previous paragraph did not apply to them.[51] On 8 August, Metropolitan France was brought back into line with the other Amber list countries.[54]

Amber list exemptions from 2 August 2021[]

On 2 August 2021 further self-isolation exemptions became available to travellers who had completed an approved course of vaccine outside the UK, specifically those regulated by the European Medicine Agency (EU member states, Andorra, Iceland, Lichtenstein, Monaco, Norway, San Marino, Vatican City), Swissmedic (Switzerland), or the Food and Drug Administration (US).[55] Also exempt were children ordinarily resident in any of the countries listed.[56] The US-based exemption for adults applied only to travellers who were "ordinarily resident in the US".[57]

Amber list exemptions from 22 September 2021[]

From 22 September 2021 there were new exemptions for foreign police force officials, people on cruise ships who did not disembark, seasonal poultry workers, performing arts professionals, persons engaged in film or high end TV, and road haulage support workers.[58]

Red list arrivals[]

  • The quarantine rules of this section were largely retained by the 4 October 2021 amendments, re-purposed as rules for Red list non eligible travellers.[9] Following removal of all of remaining countries from the Red list on 1 November, and again on 15 December, there are currently no countries to which the following Red list rules apply.[30][8]

The countries listed in schedule 3 to the regulations, legally "Category 3 countries and territories", were commonly referred to as the "Red list". The following rules applied to all arrivals (unless exempt) who had been in or transited through a Red list country during the preceding 10 days.

Ports of entry[]

Travellers had to arrive at one of the approved airports, namely Heathrow, Gatwick, London City, Birmingham, Farnborough, Bristol, or any military airfield or port.[59] London Biggin Hill (general aviation) was added to this list on 8 June 2021.[60]

Requirement to provide information[]

Same as arrivals from Green list countries.

Requirement to possess negative test result[]

Initially, same as arrivals from Green list countries. But after the Green list was abolished, Red list travellers were still required on arrival in England to be in possession of notification of a negative COVID-19 test result. The test had to be of an approved type, and administered no more than three days earlier. From 7 December 2021 the pre-travel PCR test had to be taken by all travellers no more than two days prior to the final leg of the journey to England.[7]

Requirement to pre-book a 'managed self-isolation package'[]

Travellers had to be in possession of a 'managed self-isolation package' comprising: (a) a booking for approved quarantine accommodation, (b) a booking for approved transport to that accommodation, and (c) bookings for COVID-19 tests at days 2 and day 8 after arrival.[21]

Self-isolation in designated quarantine accommodation[]

At the quarantine accommodation the traveller had to isolate for at least 10 days,[61] but if either test was missed or did not return a negative result the quarantine period was extended.[62] Travellers required to isolate could do so together with anyone with whom they were travelling.[63]

Travellers normally had to remain in their own room,[64] and could not leave it except:[65]

  • to travel directly to a port to leave the Common Travel Area
  • to fulfil a legal obligation
  • to take exercise
  • to visit a dying person or attend a funeral
  • in other exceptional circumstances such as medical assistance, to access critical public services, to escape risk of harm
  • to access urgent veterinary services.

Leaving for the purpose of exercise, to visit a dying person, or attend a funeral required prior permission from an authorised person.[66]

There were exemptions for certain government contractors, foreign government officials, transport workers, seaman, aircrew, channel tunnel workers, transit passengers, road hauliers (depending on transit countries), essential and emergency workers, offshore oil workers, some specialist, clinical and medical workers, and elite sportspeople.[67] Also exempt were members of diplomatic or consular missions, diplomatic and consular couriers, government representatives on official business, and some members of their households.[67] Special rules applied to people arriving to take up a job as an NHS nurse.[68]

Prohibited and restricted direct routes[]

Direct air and boat journeys from some very high risk countries were prohibited until 8 June, on which date some restricted direct flights were again permitted, but were required to land at arrive at Heathrow or Birmingham airports.[69] The list of countries to which this applies has been regularly amended. Travellers arriving from such countries had to comply with all of the Red country arrival rules.[70]

List of countries and territories, 17 May to 4 October 2021[]

The table below shows the countries and territories that were specifically named prior to the 4 October 2021 amendments.[9] Most of the restrictions did not apply to arrivals into England from within the Common Travel Area (Ireland, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Wales, the Channel Islands and Isle of Man) unless the person had been outside the CTA in the preceding 10 days.[71] Any other country not specifically listed was deemed to be on the Amber list.[72]

The starting dates shown are those on which these regulations (SI 2021/582) first applied. For many countries there were prior restrictions already in place under the preceding regulations, The Health Protection (Coronavirus, International Travel) (England) Regulations 2020 (SI 2020/568).[73]

The table incorporates amendments to the regulations up to 4 October 2021, with the colours indicating the situation immediately prior to the abolition of the traffic light lists on that date. For 4 October 2021 and later amendments, see separate main section.

Traffic light status of countries and territories, 17 May to 4 October 2021
Country/territory [sortable] Category 1

(Green list)

Category 2

(Amber list)

Category 3

(Red list)

Afghanistan 17 May 2021[74]–8 June 2021[75] 8 June 2021[75]–
Angola 17 May 2021[74]–
Anguilla 30 June 2021[76]– 17 May 2021[74]–30 June 2021[76]
Antigua and Barbuda 30 June 2021[76]– 17 May 2021[74]–30 June 2021[76]
Argentina 17 May 2021[74]–
Australia 17 May 2021[74]–
Austria 8 August 2021[77]– 17 May 2021[74]–8 August 2021[77]
Bahrain 17 May 2021[74]––8 June 2021,[75] 8 August 2021–[78] 8 June 2021[75]–8 August 2021[78]
Bangladesh 22 September 2021[79]– 17 May 2021[74]–22 September 2021[79]
Barbados 30 June 2021[76]– 17 May 2021[74]–30 June 2021[76]
Bermuda 30 June 2021[76]– 17 May 2021[74]–30 June 2021[76]
Bolivia 17 May 2021[74]–
Botswana 17 May 2021[74]–
Brazil 17 May 2021[74]–
British Antarctic Territory 30 June 2021[76]– 17 May 2021[74]–30 June 2021[76]
British Indian Ocean Territory 30 June 2021[76]– 17 May 2021[74]–30 June 2021[76]
British Virgin Islands 30 June 2021[76]–19 July 2021[80] 17 May 2021[74]–30 June 2021,[76] 19 July 2021[80]–
Brunei 17 May 2021[74]–
Bulgaria 19 July 2021[81]– 17 May 2021[74]–19 July 2021[81]
Burundi 17 May 2021[74]–
Canada 28 August 2021[82]– 17 May 2021[74]–28 August 2021[82]
Cape Verde 17 May 2021[74]–
Cayman Islands 30 June 2021[76]– 17 May 2021[74]–30 June 2021[76]
Chile 17 May 2021[74]–
Colombia 17 May 2021[74]–
Costa Rica 17 May 2021[74]–8 June 2021[75] 8 June 2021[75]–
Croatia 19 July 2021[81]– 17 May 2021[74]–19 July 2021[81]
Cuba 17 May 2021[74]–19 July 2021[83] 19 July 2021[83]–
Democratic Republic of Congo 17 May 2021[74]–
Denmark 28 August 2021[82]– 17 May 2021[74]–28 August 2021[82]
Dominica 30 June 2021[76]– 17 May 2021[74]–30 June 2021[76]
Dominican Republic 17 May 2021[74]–30 June 2021[84] 30 June 2021[84]–
Ecuador 17 May 2021[74]–
Egypt 17 May 2021[74]–8 June 2021,[75] 22 September 2021[79]– 8 June 2021[75]–22 September 2021[79]
Eritrea 17 May 2021[74]–30 June 2021[84] 30 June 2021[84]–
Eswatini 17 May 2021[74]–
Ethiopia 17 May 2021[74]–
Faroe Islands 17 May 2021[74]–
Falkland Islands 17 May 2021[74]–
Finland 28 August 2021[82]– 17 May 2021[74]–28 August 2021[82]
France (Mayotte) 17 May 2021[74]–8 August 2021[78] 8 August 2021[78]–
France (Réunion) 17 May 2021[74]–8 August 2021[78] 8 August 2021[78]–
French Guiana 17 May 2021[74]–
Germany 8 August 2021[77]– 17 May 2021[74]–8 August 2021[77]
Georgia 17 May 2021[74]–8 August 2021[78] 8 August 2021[78]–
Gibraltar 17 May 2021[74]–
Grenada 30 June 2021[76]– 17 May 2021[74]–30 June 2021[76]
Guyana 17 May 2021[74]–
Haiti 17 May 2021[74]–30 June 2021[84] 30 June 2021[84]–
Hong Kong 19 July 2021[81]– 17 May 2021[74]–19 July 2021[81]
Iceland 17 May 2021[74]–
India 8 August 2021–[78] 17 May 2021[74]–
Indonesia 17 May 2021[74]–19 July 2021[83] 19 July 2021[83]–
Israel 17 May 2021[74]–
Kenya 22 September 2021[79]– 17 May 2021[74]–22 September 2021[79]
Latvia 8 August 2021[77]– 17 May 2021[74]–8 August 2021[77]
Liechtenstein 28 August 2021[82]– 17 May 2021[74]–28 August 2021[82]
Lesotho 17 May 2021[74]–
Lithuania 28 August 2021[82]– 17 May 2021[74]–28 August 2021[82]
Malawi 17 May 2021[74]–
Maldives, The 22 September 2021[79]– 17 May 2021[74]–22 September 2021[79]
Malta 30 June 2021[76]– 17 May 2021[74]–30 June 2021[76]
Mexico 17 May 2021[74]–8 August 2021[78] 8 August 2021[78]–
Mongolia 17 May 2021[74]–30 June 2021[84] 30 June 2021[84]–
Montenegro 17 May 2021[74]–28 August 2021[82] 28 August 2021[82]–
Montserrat 30 June 2021[76]– 17 May 2021[74]–30 June 2021[76]
Mozambique 17 May 2021[74]–
Myanmar 17 May 2021[74]–19 July 2021[83] 19 July 2021[83]–
Namibia 17 May 2021[74]–
Nepal 17 May 2021[74]–
New Zealand 17 May 2021[74]–
Norway 8 August 2021[77]– 17 May 2021[74]–8 August 2021[77]
Oman 22 September 2021[79]– 17 May 2021[74]–22 September 2021[79]
Pakistan 22 September 2021[79]– 17 May 2021[74]–22 September 2021[79]
Panama 17 May 2021[74]–
Paraguay 17 May 2021[74]–
Peru 17 May 2021[74]–
Philippines 17 May 2021[74]–
Pitcairn Islands 30 June 2021[76]– 17 May 2021[74]–30 June 2021[76]
Portugal (excluding The Azores and Madeira) 17 May 2021[74]–8 June 2021[85] 8 June 2021[85]–
Portugal (Madeira) 17 May 2021[74]–8 June 2021,[85] 30 June 2021[76]– 8 June 2021[85]–30 June 2021[76]
Portugal (The Azores) 17 May 2021[74]–8 June 2021,[85] 28 August 2021[82]– 8 June 2021[85]–28 August 2021[82]
Qatar 8 August 2021[78]– 17 May 2021[74]–8 August 2021[78]
Romania 8 August 2021[77]– 17 May 2021[74]–8 August 2021[77]
Rwanda 17 May 2021[74]–
Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha 17 May 2021[74]–
Seychelles 17 May 2021[74]–
Sierra Leone 17 May 2021[74]–19 July 2021[83] 19 July 2021[83]–
Singapore 17 May 2021[74]–
Slovakia 8 August 2021[77]– 17 May 2021[74]–8 August 2021[77]
Slovenia 8 August 2021[77]– 17 May 2021[74]–8 August 2021[77]
Somalia 17 May 2021[74]–
South Africa 17 May 2021[74]–
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 17 May 2021[74]–
Spain (Balearic Islands only) 30 June 2021[76]–19 July 2021[80] 17 May 2021[74]–30 June 2021,[76] 19 July 2021–[80]
Sri Lanka 17 May 2021[74]–8 June 2021,[75] 22 September 2021[79]– 8 June 2021[75]–22 September 2021[79]
Sudan 17 May 2021[74]–8 June 2021[75] 8 June 2021[75]–
Suriname 17 May 2021[74]–
Switzerland 28 August 2021[82]– 17 May 2021[74]–28 August 2021[82]
Taiwan 19 July 2021[81]– 17 May 2021[74]–19 July 2021[81]
Tanzania 17 May 2021[74]–
Thailand 17 May 2021[74]–28 August 2021[82] 28 August 2021[82]–
Trinidad and Tobago 17 May 2021[74]–8 June 2021[75] 8 June 2021[75]–
Tunisia 17 May 2021[74]–30 June 2021[84] 30 June 2021[84]–
Turkey 22 September 2021[79]– 17 May 2021[74]–22 September 2021[79]
Turks and Caicos Islands 30 June 2021[76]– 17 May 2021[74]–30 June 2021[76]
Uganda 17 May 2021[74]–30 June 2021[84] 30 June 2021[84]–
United Arab Emirates 8 August 2021[78]– 17 May 2021[74]–8 August 2021[78]
Uruguay 17 May 2021[74]–
Venezuela 17 May 2021[74]–
Zambia 17 May 2021[74]–
Zimbabwe 17 May 2021[74]–
Key (immediately prior to the abolition of the traffic light lists on 4 October 2021)
GREEN LIST: No self-isolation. Must possess a negative test result, and a pre-booked test for day 2 after arrival
AMBER LIST: 10 day home self-isolation required. Must possess a negative test result, and pre-booked tests for days 2 and day 8 after arrival (exemptions available to some inoculated travellers from 19 July 2021 - see text above)
RED LIST: 10 day hotel isolation required. Must arrive via an approved airport, with both accommodation and tests for days 2 and 8 pre-booked

Offences and enforcement[]

The regulations include an extensive list of penalties for breach of up to £10,000. They also create a wide variety of criminal offences under which offenders may be prosecuted.[86]

Review and expiry[]

The regulations must be reviewed every 28 days.[87] Unless revoked earlier, they will expire on 16 May 2022.[88]

List of amendments by date[]

Amendments
SI No. Amend. No. Made Effective from Summary of major changes Link
589 17 May 19 May Changes relating to seafarers and inspectors and surveyors of ships, and minor corrections [89]
670 2 6 June 8 June Portugal, including the Azores and Madeira, moved from Green to Amber, Afghanistan, Bahrain, Costa Rica, Egypt, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Trinidad and Tobago moved from Amber to Red, direct flights allowed from all previously-prohibited countries, but only into Heathrow and Birmingham (also applies to Bahrain, Bangladesh, Egypt, India, Kenya, Pakistan, Sri Lanka) [90]
731 3 19 June 22 June Exempted certain people from self-isolation: UEFA officials attending Euro 2020, plus Football Association-invited sponsors, partners and team representatives, people associated with the Climate Change Conference or the Global Education Summit, and those arriving under the Afghan Relocations and Assistance policy [91]
766 4 27 June Various dates, 29 June to 8 July Added to Green List: Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Balearic Islands, Barbados, Bermuda, British Antarctic Territory, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Grenada, Madeira, Malta, Montserrat, Pitcairn Islands, Turks and Caicos Islands. Added to Red List: Dominican Republic, Eritrea, Haiti, Mongolia, Tunisia & Uganda. More exemptions to testing and/or isolation requirements: people with a ticket to attend the Euro 2020 Final and who are accredited by the local football association of any country whose team is playing (no need for any UK-based accreditation), people invited by the Foreign Secretary, ferry service essential workers, sky martials, more senior executives, travellers in transit to Guernsey, Jersey or the IoM [92]
795 5 5 July 6 July Football Association invitees attending Euro 2020 who are locally accredited by UEFA or by their local home country football association are exempt from the usual requirement to self-isolate on arrival [93]
865 6 18 July 19 July Moved Balearic Islands and British Virgin Islands back up to Amber list, moved Cuba, Indonesia, Myanmar and Sierra Leone up to Red list, restrictions on direct flights from Cuba and Indonesia, exempt from self-isolation most fully-vaccinated arrivals from Amber list countries (other than France) [94]
914 7 30 July 2 Aug Further self-isolation exemptions for Amber list travellers who have completed certain approved courses of vaccine outside the UK [95]
23 Aug Changes to private test provider requirements
923 8 5 Aug 8 Aug Added to Green list: Austria, Germany, Latvia, Norway, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, added to Amber list: Bahrain, India, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, added to Red list: Georgia, Mexico, Réunion & Mayotte (France). Arrivals from mainland France now treated as normal Amber list arrivals, with exemptions available for children and fully inoculated adults [96]
966 9 26 Aug 28 Aug Added to Green list: The Azores (Portugal), Canada, Denmark, Finland, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Switzerland, added to Red list: Montenegro, Thailand. Special rules for attendees to Climate Change Conference, World Leaders Summit and London Fashion Week. Updated list of sporting events. Tighter rules on test providers [97]
1003 10 7 Sep 8 Sep Changes to provisions relating to elite sportspersons and people providing support [98]
1033 11 13 Sep 14 Sep Special rules relating to EUFA arrivals [99]
1066 12 20 Sep 22 Sep Moved from Red to Amber list: Egypt, Kenya, the Maldives, Oman, Pakistan, Turkey and Sri Lanka. New exemptions for foreign police force officials, people on cruise ships who do not disembark, seasonal poultry workers, performing arts professionals, persons engaged in film or high end TV, and road haulage support workers [100]
1107 13 1 Oct 4 Oct Green and Amber lists abolished. New system based around the Red list, with border measures for travellers from the rest of the world depending upon the traveller's vaccination status and country of vaccination [9]
1130 14 8 Oct 11 Oct Removed 47 countries from Red list, leaving just Colombia, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Haiti, Panama, Peru and Venezuela. Allow visitors with an EU Digital Covid Certificate to use that as proof of full vaccination. Amend rules for World Leaders Summit [101]
1155 15 18 Oct 19 Oct Minor changes relating to elite sportspersons [102]
1179 16 22 Oct 24 Oct Allowed “eligible travellers” to use an approved lateral flow device rather than PCR when taking a day 2 test [103]
1210 17 29 Oct 1 Nov Removed all remaining countries from the Red list. Special rules for pork butchers. Vaccines from any country can be used to prove 'eligible traveller' status, as can participation in certain foreign clinical trials [104]
1289 18 19 Nov 22 Nov Simplified the self-isolation requirements for transport and border workers and amended the definition of eligible traveller. Special rules for Future Tech Forum [105]
1323 19 26 Nov 26 Nov Added Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe to the Red list. Home self-isolation applies to arrivals from these countries until 04:00 on 28 Nov, after which hotel quarantine applies [106]
1331 20 27 Nov 28 Nov Added Angola, Malawi, Mozambique and Zambia to the Red list [107]
1339 21 29 Nov 30 Nov All eligible travellers must once again book a day 2 PCR test and must self-isolate until they receive a negative result. [108]
1367 22 5 Dec 6 Dec Added Nigeria to the Red List [109]
1371 23 6 Dec 7 Dec Introduced a requirement for all non-exempt travellers over the age of 12, regardless of vaccination status, to possess on arrival notification of a negative result from an approved test taken no more than two days before their final departure for England [110]
1434 24 14 Dec 15 Dec Once again removed all remaining countries from the Red list [111]
1449 25 15 Dec 15 Dec Transitional provisions, dealing with people in mandatory hotel accommodation at the time that SI 1434 entered into force [112]
1463 26 16 Dec 18 Dec Various minor amendments, and changes to the list of sporting events [113]

References[]

  1. ^ SI 582 (2021), Introductory Text.
  2. ^ SI 582 (2021), Reg 1.
  3. ^ a b SI 582 (2021), Reg 3(1).
  4. ^ "Immigration Act 1971". Legislation.gov.uk. section 1(3). Retrieved 7 September 2020.
  5. ^ SI 582 (2021), Regs 3(1) and 4(1).
  6. ^ SI 1107 (2021), Explanatory memorandum, paras 2.1 and 7.4.
  7. ^ a b c d e f SI 1371 (2021), Reg 4(4), adding Reg 3ZA into SI 2021/582.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y SI 1434 (2021), Reg 2.
  9. ^ a b c d e f SI 1107 (2021).
  10. ^ SI 1107 (2021), Reg 6, inserting Reg 3I into SI 2021/582.
  11. ^ SI 1107 (2021), Reg 6, inserting Reg 3B into SI 2021/582.
  12. ^ SI 1107 (2021), Reg 6, inserting Reg 3A(2) and 3A(3) into SI 2021/582.
  13. ^ SI 1107 (2021), Reg 6, inserting Reg 3A(2) and 3A(4) into SI 2021/582.
  14. ^ SI 1130 (2021), Reg 5.
  15. ^ SI 1210 (2021), Reg 5(3).
  16. ^ SI 1130 (2021), Reg 9.
  17. ^ SI 1107 (2021), Reg 6, inserting Reg 3J into SI 2021/582.
  18. ^ SI 1107 (2021), Reg 6, inserting Reg 3K into SI 2021/582.
  19. ^ SI 1179 (2021), Reg 4.
  20. ^ SI 1339 (2021), Explanatory note.
  21. ^ a b c SI 582 (2021), Regs 5(1)(b), 6(3) and 6(12)(c).
  22. ^ a b c SI 582 (2021), Regs 6(3) and (5).
  23. ^ a b c SI 582 (2021), Reg 4.
  24. ^ a b SI 582 (2021), Regs 9(4).
  25. ^ a b SI 582 (2021), Reg 9(7).
  26. ^ a b SI 582 (2021), Schedule 10.
  27. ^ a b SI 582 (2021), Reg 9(9).
  28. ^ a b SI 582 (2021), Reg 9(11).
  29. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq SI 1130 (2021), Reg 16.
  30. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p SI 1210 (2021), Reg 12.
  31. ^ "Coronavirus variant fear sparks Africa travel curbs". BBC News. 26 November 2021.
  32. ^ SI 1323 (2021), Reg 2(4)(b).
  33. ^ SI 1323 (2021), Reg 2(3)(b).
  34. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m SI 1323 (2021), Reg 2(2).
  35. ^ a b c d e f g h i SI 1331 (2021), Reg 2(2).
  36. ^ Quadri, Sami (28 November 2021). "Four more countries added to red list after Omicron variant found in the UK". Evening Standard.
  37. ^ a b c SI 1367 (2021), Reg 2(2).
  38. ^ Calder, Simon (6 December 2021). "What are the latest COVID travel rules and why has Nigeria been added to red list". The Independant.
  39. ^ SI 582 (2021), Reg 3(2).
  40. ^ SI 582 (2021), Reg 3(6).
  41. ^ SI 582 (2021), Schedule 6.
  42. ^ SI 582 (2021), Schedule 6, para 4 and 5.
  43. ^ a b c SI 582 (2021), Reg 3(10)–(11), and Schedule 4.
  44. ^ SI 582 (2021), Reg 4(2).
  45. ^ SI 582 (2021), Regs 4(1) and (4).
  46. ^ SI 582 (2021), Schedule 7, para 1(c).
  47. ^ SI 582 (2021), Regs 5(1)(a), 6(3) and 6(12)(c).
  48. ^ SI 582 (2021), Schedule 8, para 3.
  49. ^ SI 582 (2021), Reg 9(3)(d).
  50. ^ SI 582 (2021), Reg 9(10)(k).
  51. ^ a b SI 865 (2021), Regs 4 and 10.
  52. ^ SI 865 (2021), Reg 4.
  53. ^ SI 865 (2021), Regs 7 and 8, and explanatory note.
  54. ^ SI 923 (2021), Reg 3.
  55. ^ SI 914 (2021), Reg 3.
  56. ^ SI 914 (2021), Reg 3(5).
  57. ^ SI 914 (2021), Reg 3(4)(d).
  58. ^ SI 1066 (2021), Reg 12.
  59. ^ SI 582 (2021), Schedule 11, para 3 and 4.
  60. ^ SI 670 (2021), Reg 8.
  61. ^ SI 582 (2021), Schedule 11, para 10.
  62. ^ SI 582 (2021), Schedule 8.
  63. ^ SI 582 (2021), Schedule 11, para 11.
  64. ^ SI 582 (2021), Schedule 11, para 14.
  65. ^ SI 582 (2021), Schedule 11, para 13.
  66. ^ SI 582 (2021), Schedule 11, para 13(2).
  67. ^ a b SI 582 (2021), Schedule 11, para 2.
  68. ^ SI 582 (2021), Schedule 11, para 19.
  69. ^ SI 582 (2021), Schedule 13.
  70. ^ SI 582 (2021), Schedule 11.
  71. ^ SI 582 (2021), For example Regs 3(1) and 3(3).
  72. ^ SI 582 (2021), Schedule 2.
  73. ^ SI 568 (2020).
  74. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh SI 582 (2021), Schedule 1.
  75. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n SI 670 (2021), Reg 7.
  76. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af SI 766 (2021), Reg 8.
  77. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n SI 923 (2021), Reg 5.
  78. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o SI 923 (2021), Reg 6.
  79. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p SI 1066 (2021), Reg 11(1).
  80. ^ a b c d SI 865 (2021), Reg 14(2).
  81. ^ a b c d e f g h SI 865 (2021), Reg 14(3).
  82. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r SI 966 (2021), Reg 11.
  83. ^ a b c d e f g h SI 865 (2021), Reg 15.
  84. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l SI 766 (2021), Reg 15(a).
  85. ^ a b c d e f SI 670 (2021), Reg 6.
  86. ^ SI 582 (2021), Parts 3 and 5.
  87. ^ SI 582 (2021), Reg 24.
  88. ^ SI 582 (2021), Reg 25.
  89. ^ SI 589 (2021).
  90. ^ SI 670 (2021).
  91. ^ SI 731 (2021).
  92. ^ SI 766 (2021).
  93. ^ SI 795 (2021).
  94. ^ SI 865 (2021).
  95. ^ SI 914 (2021).
  96. ^ SI 923 (2021).
  97. ^ SI 966 (2021).
  98. ^ SI 1003 (2021).
  99. ^ SI 1033 (2021).
  100. ^ SI 1066 (2021).
  101. ^ SI 1130 (2021).
  102. ^ SI 1155 (2021).
  103. ^ SI 1179 (2021).
  104. ^ SI 1210 (2021).
  105. ^ SI 1289 (2021).
  106. ^ SI 1323 (2021).
  107. ^ SI 1331 (2021).
  108. ^ SI 1339 (2021).
  109. ^ SI 1367 (2021).
  110. ^ SI 1371 (2021).
  111. ^ SI 1434 (2021).
  112. ^ SI 1449 (2021).
  113. ^ SI 1463 (2021).

Bibliography[]

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External links[]

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