The Three Little Pigs

The Three Little Pigs
The wolf blows down the straw house in a 1904 adaptation of the story. Illustration by Leonard Leslie Brooke.
Folk tale
Name	The Three Little Pigs
Data
Aarne–Thompson grouping	124
Country	England

"The Three Little Pigs" is a fable about three pigs who build three houses of different materials. A Big Bad Wolf blows down the first two pigs' houses, made of straw and sticks respectively, but is unable to destroy the third pig's house, made of bricks. Printed versions date back to the 1840s, but the story is thought to be much older. The earliest version takes place in Dartmoor with three pixies and a fox before its best known version appears in English Fairy Tales by Joseph Jacobs in 1890, with Jacobs crediting James Halliwell-Phillipps as the source.

The phrases used in the story, and the various morals drawn from it, have become embedded in Western culture. Many versions of The Three Little Pigs have been recreated and modified over the years, sometimes making the wolf a kind character. It is a type B124^[1] folktale in the Aarne–Thompson classification system.

Traditional versions[]

"The Three Little Pigs" was included in The Nursery Rhymes of England (London and New York, c.1886), by James Halliwell-Phillipps.^[2] The story in its arguably best-known form appeared in English Fairy Tales by Joseph Jacobs, first published on June 19, 1890, and crediting Halliwell as his source.^[3] The earliest published version of the story is from Dartmoor, Devon, England in 1853, and has three little pixies and a fox in place of the three pigs and a wolf. The first pixy had a wooden house:

"Let me in, let me in", said the fox.
”I won’t”, was the pixy's answer; ”and the door is fastened.”^[4]

Illustration from J. Jacobs, English Fairy Tales (New York, 1895)

The story begins with the title characters being sent out into the world by their mother, to "seek out their fortune". The first little pig builds a house of straw, but a wolf blows it down and devours him. The second little pig builds a house of sticks, which the wolf also blows down, though with more blows and the second little pig is also devoured. Each exchange between wolf and pig features ringing proverbial phrases, namely:

"Little pig, little pig, let me come in."
"No, not by the hairs on my chinny chin chin."
"Then I'll huff, and I'll puff, and I'll blow your house in."^[5]

The third little pig builds a house of bricks, which the wolf fails to blow down. He then attempts to trick the pig out of the house by asking to meet him at several places, but he is outwitted each time. Finally, the wolf resolves to come down the chimney, where upon the pig who owns the brick house lights a pot of water on the fireplace. The wolf falls in and is boiled to death.

Other versions[]

In some versions, the first and second little pigs are not eaten by the wolf after he demolishes their homes but instead runs to their brother's/sister's house, who originally had to take care of the two other pigs and build a brick house in a few versions. Most of these versions omit any attempts by the wolf to meet the third pig out of the house after his failed attempt to blow the house in. After the wolf goes down the chimney he either dies like in the original, runs away and never returns to eat the three little pigs or in some versions the wolf faints after trying to blow down the brick house and all three of the pigs survive in either case.

The story uses the literary rule of three, expressed in this case as a "contrasting three", as the third pig's brick house turns out to be the only one which is adequate to withstand the wolf.^[6] Variations of the tale appeared in Uncle Remus: His Songs and Sayings in 1881. The story also made an appearance in in 1883, both by Joel Chandler Harris, in which the pigs were replaced by Brer Rabbit. Andrew Lang included it in The Green Fairy Book, published in 1892, but did not cite his source. In contrast to Jacobs's version, which left the pigs nameless, Lang's retelling cast the pigs as Browny, Whitey, and Blacky. It also set itself apart by exploring each pig's character and detailing the interaction between them. The antagonist of this version is a fox, not a wolf. The pigs' houses are made either of mud, cabbage, or brick. Blacky, the third pig, rescues his brother and sister from the fox's den after the fox has been defeated.

Later adaptations[]

Animated shorts[]

• Three Little Pigs, a 1933 Silly Symphony cartoon, was produced by Walt Disney. The production cast the title characters as Fifer Pig, Fiddler Pig, and Practical Pig. The first two are depicted as both frivolous and arrogant. The story has been somewhat softened. The first two pigs still get their houses blown down, but escape from the wolf. Also, the wolf is not boiled to death but simply burns his behind and runs away. Three sequels soon followed respectively as a result of the short film's popularity:
  • The first of them was The Big Bad Wolf, also directed by Burt Gillett and first released on April 14, 1934.^[7]
  • In 1936, a second cartoon starring the Three Little Pigs and the Big Bad Wolf followed, with a story based on The Boy Who Cried Wolf. This short was entitled Three Little Wolves and introduced the Big Bad Wolf's three pup sons, all of whom just as eager for a taste of the pigs as their father.^[8]
  • A third cartoon The Practical Pig, was released in 1939, right at the end of the Silly Symphonies' run.^[9] In this, Fifer and Piper, again despite Practical's warning, go swimming but are captured by the Wolf, who then goes after Practical only to be caught in Practical's newly built Lie Detector machine.
  • In 1941, a fourth cartoon much of the film was edited into The Thrifty Pig, which was distributed by the National Film Board of Canada. Here, Practical Pig builds his house out of Canadian war bonds, and the Big Bad Wolf representing Nazi Germany is unable to blow his house down.^[10]
  • Fiddler Pig, Fifer Pig, and Zeke the Wolf appeared in Who Framed Roger Rabbit.
• In 1942 there was a Walter Lantz musical version, .^[11] The wolf (claiming he is a musical instructor) explains to the court how the three little pigs harassed him through their instrument playing which ends up destroying the wolf's house.
• In 1942 there was also a wartime version called Blitz Wolf with the Wolf as Adolf Hitler. It was produced by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer cartoon studio and directed by Tex Avery.
• Four cartoons inspired by the Disney version were produced by Warner Bros.
  • The first was Pigs in a Polka (1943) which tells the story to the accompaniment of Johannes Brahms' Hungarian Dances.which was a serious musical treatment, directed by Friz Freleng.
  • The second was The Windblown Hare (1949), featuring Bugs Bunny, and directed by Robert McKimson. In Windblown, Bugs is conned into first buying the straw house, which the wolf blows down, and then the sticks house, which the wolf also blows down. After these incidents, Bugs decides to help the wolf and get revenge on all three pigs, who are now at the brick house.
  • The third was The Turn-Tale Wolf (1952), directed by Robert McKimson. This cartoon tells the story from the wolf's point of view and makes the pigs out to be the villains.
  • The fourth was The Three Little Bops (1957), featuring the pigs as a jazz band, who refused to let the inept trumpet-playing wolf join until after he died and went to Hell, whereupon his playing markedly improved, directed by Friz Freleng.
• In 1953, Tex Avery directed a Droopy cartoon, "The Three Little Pups". In it, the pigs are replaced with dogs and the wolf is a Southern-accented dog catcher trying to catch Droopy and his brothers, Snoopy and Loopy, to put in the dog pound. It was produced by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer cartoon studio.
• In 1980, the book with Erik Blegvad illustrations was made. In 1988, Weston Woods Studios created a short film based on the book.

Animated features[]

• 3 Pigs and a Baby is the first animated film in the series based on "Three Little Pigs". The direct-to-DVD film was released on March 4, 2008 and stars Jon Cryer, Brad Garrett, Steve Zahn and Jesse McCartney.^[12]
• The three pigs and the wolf appear in the four Shrek films.

Television[]

• In 1985, the story was re-told as the first episode of Season Four of Shelley Duvall's Faerie Tale Theatre, with Billy Crystal as artistic "Larry Pig" (the smart third pig), Jeff Goldblum as henpecked "Buck Wolf", Stephen Furst as capitalistic "Peter Pig" (the first pig), Fred Willard as narcissistic "Paul Pig" (the second pig), Doris Roberts as "Mother Pig" and Valerie Perrine as love interest "Tina Pig". In this version, all three pigs buy their building materials from the same junk salesman (Larry Hankin).
• In Rabbit Ears Productions's Storybook Classics adaptation, the pigs appear to be female.
• The 1992 Green Jellö song, Three Little Pigs was adapted to a claymation music video.
• In the Shining Time Station episode, Schemer's Alone, Midge Smoot reads a version of this story to Schemer who paid her an IOU instead of real money, despite the fact that he's tricking his friends.
• The characters from the 1993 film adaptation of The Three Little Pigs appeared in the 2001 series Disney's House of Mouse in many episodes, and again in Mickey's Magical Christmas: Snowed in at the House of Mouse. The three pigs can be seen in Walt Disney Parks and Resorts as greetable characters.^[13]
• The three pigs and the wolf appear in the four Shrek TV specials, the Shrek the Halls and Scared Shrekless.
• In 2018, the story was told in the first season of Tell Me a Story, a serialized drama that interweaves The Three Little Pigs, Little Red Riding Hood and Hansel and Gretel "into an epic and subversive tale of love, loss, greed, revenge, and murder."^[14]

Literature[]

• One of Uncle Remus' stories, "The Story of the Pigs" (alt. title: "Brer Wolf and the Pigs"), found in Nights with Uncle Remus (1883), is a re-telling of the story, with the following differences:
  • There are five pigs in this version: Big Pig, Little Pig, Speckle Pig, Blunt and Runt.
  • Blunt is the only male; all the rest are females.
  • Big Pig builds a brush house, Little Pig builds a stick house, Speckle Pig builds a mud house, Blunt builds a plank house and Runt builds a stone house.
  • The Wolf's verse goes: "If you'll open the door and let me in, I'll warm my hands and go home again."
• The 1989 parody The True Story of the 3 Little Pigs! is presented as a first-person narrative by the wolf, who portrays the entire incident as a misunderstanding; he had gone to the pigs to borrow some sugar, had destroyed their houses in a sneezing fit, ate the first two pigs to not waste food (since they'd died in the house collapse anyway), and was caught attacking the third pig's house after the pig had continually insulted him.^[3]
• The 1993 children's book The Three Little Wolves and the Big Bad Pig inverts the cast and makes a few changes to the plot: the wolves build a brick house, then a concrete house, then a steel house, and finally a house of flowers. The pig is unable to blow the houses down, destroying them by other means, but eventually gives up his wicked ways when he smells the scent of the flower house, and becomes friends with the wolves.
• In 2019, Simon Hood published a contemporary version of the story where the three little pig characters were both male and female.^[15] Both the language and the illustrations modernised the story, while the plot itself remained close to traditional versions.

Music[]

• In 1953, Al "Jazzbo" Collins narrated a jazz version of The Three Little Pigs on a Brunswick Records 78 r.p.m. record album titled "steve allen's grimm fairy tales for hip kids" with piano blues accompaniment by Lou Stein.
• The 1992 Green Jellö song, Three Little Pigs sets the story in Los Angeles. The wolf drives a Harley Davidson motorcycle, the first little pig is an aspiring guitarist, the second is a cannabis smoking, dumpster diving evangelist and the third holds a Master of Architecture degree from Harvard University. In the end, with all three pigs barricaded in the brick house, the third pig calls 9-1-1. John Rambo is dispatched to the scene, and kills the wolf with a machine gun.
• In 2003, the Flemish company Studio 100 created a musical called Three Little Pigs (Dutch: De 3 Biggetjes), which follows the three daughters of the pig with the house of stone with new original songs, introducing a completely new story loosely based on the original story. The musical was specially written for the band K3, who play the three little pigs, Pirky, Parky and Porky (Dutch: Knirri, Knarri and Knorri).^[16][17]
• In 2014, Peter Lund let the three little pigs live together in a village in the musical Grimm with Little Red Riding Hood and other fairy tale characters.
• The second single from metal band In This Moment's 2014 album Black Widow, "Big Bad Wolf," references a little pig as well as the big bad wolf.

See also[]

• San zhi xiao zhu

References[]

External links[]

• Works related to Three Little Pigs at Wikisource
• Quotations related to Three Little Pigs at Wikiquote
• Media related to Three little pigs at Wikimedia Commons
• The nursery rhymes of England By James Orchard Halliwell-Phillipps, pp. 37–41 on books.google.com
• The Story of the Three Little Pigs in The nursery rhymes of England, by Halliwell, pp. 37–41 on Archive.org
• 19th century versions of the Three Little Pigs story
• The Three Little Pigs public domain audiobook at LibriVox
• The Three Little Pigs at The Big Cartoon DataBase