Thomas Howard, 3rd Earl of Effingham

Thomas Howard
Thomas Howard
Earl of Effingham
Born	13 January 1746
Died	19 November 1791 (aged 45)
Noble family	House of Howard-Effingham
Spouse(s)	Catherine Proctor
	Issue none
Father	Thomas Howard, 2nd Earl of Effingham
Mother	Elizabeth Beckford

Lieutenant-Colonel Thomas Howard, 3rd Earl of Effingham, PC (13 January 1746 – 19 November 1791), styled Lord Howard until 1763, was a British nobleman and Army officer, the son of Thomas Howard, 2nd Earl of Effingham, and his wife Elizabeth.

Lord Howard was commissioned an ensign and lieutenant in the 2nd Regiment of Foot Guards on 20 February 1762. He was promoted to captain in the 5th Regiment of Foot on 13 September 1765.^[1]

He is best known for resigning his commission in protest against the war against the North American colonies.^[2]^[3] This widely reported act was commemorated by the North American colonists in the naming of a galley in 1775, and later the frigate USS Effingham in 1777, as well as in the naming of Effingham, New Hampshire, Effingham County, Georgia, and Effingham County, Illinois.

During the events leading up to the American Revolution, the Earl was neither a Patriot or a Loyalist, he was a Neutralist; he was not on either side. The Earl of Effingham disliked both sides: the royal government for taxing, and the colonists for rebelling. Howard believed that the conflicts had a negative impact on Great Britain and the colonies. He was devoted to his King and country, and was willing to lose his life while protecting the realm from attack.

In 1785, a London newspaper reported that he was being considered for the role of minister to the United States, to reciprocate John Adams coming to Great Britain to serve as Ambassador.^[4] However, he did not go to America; George Hammond later served as the first envoy to America.

He died at the age of 45, while serving as Governor of Jamaica, a month and five days after his wife, leaving no heir. His title passed to his brother Richard.

References[]

^ Mackinnon, Daniel (1833). Origin and Services of the Coldstream Guards. II. London: Richard Bentley. pp. 488–489.
^ "The Lords Effingham and the American colonies:, 1976, Hilda Engbring Feldhake.
^ "THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, INCLUDING ALSO THE BEAUTIES OF AMERICAN HISTORY" Archived 2012-04-29 at the Wayback Machine
^ "London Morning Herald and Daily Advertiser". June 8, 1785.

Craig, John (1953). The Mint: A History of the London Mint from A.D. 287 to 1948. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. pp. 226–227. ASIN B0000CIHG7.

Government offices
Preceded by Alured Clarke	Governor of Jamaica 1790–1791	Succeeded by
Political offices
Preceded by The Earl of Scarbrough	Deputy Earl Marshal 1777–1782	Succeeded by Earl of Surrey
Preceded by Viscount Cranborne	Treasurer of the Household 1782–1783	Succeeded by Charles Francis Greville
Preceded by Hon. Charles Cadogan	Master of the Mint 1784–1789	Succeeded by The Earl of Chesterfield
Peerage of Great Britain
Preceded by Thomas Howard	Earl of Effingham 1763–1791	Succeeded by Richard Howard

External links[]

Earl of Effingham

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[1] Mackinnon, Daniel (1833). Origin and Services of the Coldstream Guards. II. London: Richard Bentley. pp. 488–489.

[2] "The Lords Effingham and the American colonies:, 1976, Hilda Engbring Feldhake.

[3] "THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, INCLUDING ALSO THE BEAUTIES OF AMERICAN HISTORY" Archived 2012-04-29 at the Wayback Machine

[4] "London Morning Herald and Daily Advertiser". June 8, 1785.

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Office abolished in 1879 with duties given to the Chancellor of the Exchequer.