Timeline of Łódź

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Timeline of the Łódź history
Affiliations

Kingdom of Poland 1300s–1569
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 1569–1793
Kingdom of Prussia 1793–1807
Duchy of Warsaw 1807-1815
Russian Empire 1815–1916
Kingdom of Poland 1916–1918
Republic of Poland 1918–1939
Third Reich 1939–1945
People's Republic of Poland 1945–1989
 Republic of Poland 1989–present

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Łódź, Poland.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by with reliable sources.

Prior to 19th century[]

Further information (in Polish):  [pl]
Part of a series on the
History of Poland
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Middle Ages
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Timeline

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19th century[]

Further information (in Polish):  [pl]

20th century[]

1900s–1930s[]

Further information (in Polish):  [pl]
Plac Wolności ("Freedom Square") with the Tadeusz Kościuszko Monument and the Holy Spirit Church in 1930

World War II (1939–1945)[]

Further information (in Polish):  [pl]
Invading German troops in Łódź in September 1939
  • 1939
    • 2 September: Germany carried out first air raids, bombing the airport and the train station.[15]
    • 3 September: Further air raids carried out by Germany. The Germans bombed a railway station in the Widzew district, a power plant, a gas plant, a thread factory and many houses.[15]
    • 5 September: The Germans air raided the airport again.[15]
    • 6 September: The Germans air raided a historic palace which housed the command of the Polish Łódź Army.[15]
    • 6 September: the Citizens' Committee of the City of Łódź established.[16]
    • 6–8 September: Battle of Łódź during the German invasion of Poland, which started World War II.
    • 9 September: German troops entered the city, beginning of the German occupation.[16]
    • 11 September: The Germans issued the first occupation decrees.[16]
    • 12 September: The German Einsatzgruppe III entered the city to commit various crimes against the population.[17]
    • 12–15 September: The Germans carried out searches of local county offices and Polish police buildings.[17]
    • 16 September: Local administration took over by a German official, D. Leiste from Rhineland.[16]
    • 21 September: The Germans carried out mass searches in the present-day district of Chojny.[17]
    • September: The Germans carried out first arrests of Poles as part of the Intelligenzaktion and established first prisons for arrested Poles.[18]
    • 12 October – 4 November: City becomes seat of Nazi German General Government of occupied Poland.
    • 31 October: A German transit camp for Poles arrested in the Intelligenzaktion established in the present-day district of Ruda Pabianicka.[18]
    • November: Radogoszcz concentration camp established by the Germans. Its prisoners were mostly people from Łódź, Pabianice and other nearby settlements.[18]
    • 9 November: City annexed directly into Nazi Germany; the Germans destroyed the monument of Polish national hero Tadeusz Kościuszko.[16]
    • 9 November: First prisoners detained in the Radogoszcz concentration camp.[18]
    • November: Hundreds of Poles from Łódź and the region massacred by the Germans in the forest in the present-day district of Łagiewniki as part of the Intelligenzaktion.[19]
    • City renamed "Litzmannstadt"[citation needed] to erase traces of Polish origin.
    • 11 December: The Germans massacred 70 Polish prisoners of the Radogoszcz camp in Łagiewniki.[19]
    • 13 December: The Germans massacred 40 Polish prisoners of the Radogoszcz camp in Łagiewniki.[19]
    • December: 65 prisoners from the transit camp in Pabianice deported to the Radogoszcz concentration camp and then massacred in Łagiewniki.[18]
    • 31 December: First expulsions of Poles from Osiedle Montwiłła-Mireckiego carried out.[20]
    • Hundreds of Poles from Łódź massacred by the Germans in the nearby village of Lućmierz-Las.[21]
Łódź Ghetto in 1940
  • 1940
    • 14–15 January: German police and Selbstschutz carried out mass expulsions of Poles from Osiedle Montwiłła-Mireckiego.[22]
    • February: More prisoners from the liquidated transit camp in Pabianice imprisoned in the Radogoszcz camp; Radogoszcz camp converted into the Radogoszcz prison.[18]
    • February: Łódź Ghetto formed.[23]
    • Hundreds of Poles from Łódź massacred by the Germans in the nearby village of Lućmierz-Las.[21]
    • March: 11 Polish boy scouts from Łódź massacred by the Germans in the Okręglik forest near Zgierz.[21]
    • April–May: The Russians committed the large Katyn massacre, among the victims of which were over 1,200 Poles, who either were born or lived in Łódź or the region before the war.[24]
  • 1941
Public execution of Poles in German-occupied Łódź in 1942
  • 1942
    • January: The Germans dissolved the camp for Romani people and exterminated its prisoners in the Chełmno extermination camp.[23]
    • German concentration camp for kidnapped Polish children of 2 to 16 years of age established in the city.[25] It was nicknamed "little Auschwitz" due to its conditions.[25]
  • 1943 - The Germans established a forced labour camp for around 800 English prisoners of war in the Olechów neighbourhood.[15]
  • 1944
    • August: Łódź Ghetto liquidated.
    • September: Stalag Luft II POW camp liquidated.
  • 1945
    • German concentration camp for kidnapped Polish children disestablished.[25]
    • 17 January: City taken by the Soviet Army and afterwards restored to Poland.

1945–2000[]

Further information (in Polish):  [pl]
Further information (in Polish):  [pl]
National Film School in Łódź
Grand Theatre, Łódź

21st century[]

Further information (in Polish):  [pl]
Piotrkowska Street in 2011

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b Flatt 1853.
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Popławska 1986.
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b Adna Ferrin Weber (1899), Growth of Cities in the Nineteenth Century, Studies in History, Economics and Public Law, New York: Macmillan Company, OL 24341630M
  4. ^ "Russia". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1885. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590469.
  5. ^ Witold Iwańczak. "Pionierzy polskiej kinematografii". Niedziela.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 27 March 2021.
  6. ^ Donna M. Di Grazia, ed. (2013). Nineteenth-Century Choral Music. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-98852-0.
  7. ^ Britannica 1910.
  8. ^ Sheila Skaff (2008). The Law of the Looking Glass: Cinema in Poland, 1896-1939. Ohio University Press. ISBN 978-0-8214-1784-3.
  9. ^ Stephen Pope; Elizabeth-Anne Wheal (1995). "Select Chronology". Dictionary of the First World War. Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-85052-979-1.
  10. ^ "Lodz". Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe. Yivo Institute for Jewish Research. Archived from the original on 2013.
  11. ^ Webster's Geographical Dictionary, USA: G. & C. Merriam Co., 1960, OL 5812502M
  12. ^ Abramowicz, Sławomir (2003). "Wypędzeni z Osiedla „Montwiłła" Mireckiego w Łodzi". Biuletyn Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej (in Polish). No. 12–1 (35–36). IPN. p. 28. ISSN 1641-9561.
  13. ^ Jesús Pedro Lorente (2011). Museums of Contemporary Art: Notion and Development. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. ISBN 978-1-4094-0587-0.
  14. ^ "History of the Museum of Archaeology and Ethnography in Łódź". Muzeum Archeologiczne i Etnograficzne w Łodzi. Archived from the original on 16 November 2013. Retrieved 30 November 2013.
  15. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Anna Gronczewska. "Niemieckie ślady wojny w Łodzi. Co zostało z planów wzorcowego miasta Rzeszy?". Dziennik Łódzki (in Polish). Retrieved 25 April 2021.
  16. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Tomasz Walkiewicz. "Wybuch wojny i początki okupacji hitlerowskiej w Łodzi". Archiwum Państwowe w Łodzi (in Polish). Retrieved 14 March 2021.
  17. ^ Jump up to: a b c Wardzyńska, Maria (2009). Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion (in Polish). Warszawa: IPN. p. 114.
  18. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Wardzyńska, p. 203
  19. ^ Jump up to: a b c Wardzyńska, p. 204
  20. ^ Abramowicz, p. 30
  21. ^ Jump up to: a b c Wardzyńska, p. 205
  22. ^ Abramowicz, p. 32
  23. ^ Jump up to: a b c "The establishment of Litzmannstadt Ghetto". Torah Code. Retrieved 14 March 2021.
  24. ^ Tomasz Walkiewicz. "Łodzianie w grobach katyńskich". Archiwum Państwowe w Łodzi (in Polish). Retrieved 14 March 2021.
  25. ^ Jump up to: a b c Ledniowski, Krzysztof; Gola, Beata (2020). "Niemiecki obóz dla małoletnich Polaków w Łodzi przy ul. Przemysłowej". In Kostkiewicz, Janina (ed.). Zbrodnia bez kary... Eksterminacja i cierpienie polskich dzieci pod okupacją niemiecką (1939–1945) (in Polish). Kraków: Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Biblioteka Jagiellońska. p. 147.
  26. ^ Jump up to: a b Europa World Year Book 2004. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 1857432533.
  27. ^ "Lodz Newspapers". WorldCat. USA: Online Computer Library Center. Retrieved 30 November 2013.
  28. ^ Jump up to: a b c Don Rubin, ed. (2001). "Poland". World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre. 1: Europe. Routledge. p. 634+. ISBN 9780415251570.
  29. ^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279.
  30. ^ "Historia Muzeum" (in Polish). Muzeum Miasta Łodzi. Retrieved 30 November 2013.
  31. ^ Janusz Kubik. "Margaret Thatcher w Łodzi. Najbardziej znana kobieta w świecie polityki, nie ukrywała swojej sympatii do Polski". Express Ilustrowany (in Polish). Retrieved 25 April 2021.
  32. ^ "Orebro". Urząd Miasta Łodzi (in Polish). Retrieved 3 April 2021.
  33. ^ "Culture.pl". Warsaw: Adam Mickiewicz Institute. Retrieved 30 November 2013.
  34. ^ "Szeged". Urząd Miasta Łodzi (in Polish). Retrieved 3 April 2021.
  35. ^ Jump up to: a b "Chengdu". Urząd Miasta Łodzi (in Polish). Retrieved 3 April 2021.
  36. ^ Katarzyna Marchwicka. "Otwarcie Konsulatu Honorowego Republiki Armenii w Łodzi". Urząd Miasta Łodzi (in Polish). Retrieved 3 April 2021.
This article incorporates information from the German Wikipedia and Polish Wikipedia.

Bibliography[]

in English[]

  • "Lodz", Jewish Encyclopedia, 8, New York, 1907, hdl:2027/osu.32435029752870
  • "Łódź", Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424 – via Internet Archive
  • "Lodz", Russia, with Teheran, Port Arthur, and Peking, Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1914, OCLC 1328163
  • Zygmunt Gostkowski (1959). "Popular Interest in the Municipal Elections of Łódź, Poland". Public Opinion Quarterly. 23 (3): 371–381. doi:10.1086/266889. JSTOR 2746388.
  • Bronislawa Kopczynska-Jaworska (1983). "Working Class Traditions in Łódź". Urban Anthropology. 12 (3/4): 217–243. JSTOR 40553010.
  • Irena Popławska; Stefan Muthesius (1986). "Poland's Manchester: 19th-Century Industrial and Domestic Architecture in Łódź". Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians. 45 (2): 148–160. doi:10.2307/990093. JSTOR 990093.
  • Zysiak, Agata et al. From Cotton and Smoke: Łódź - Industrial City and Discourses of Asynchronous Modernity, 1897-1994 (Krakow: Jagiellonian University Press, 2019). online review

in other languages[]

External links[]

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