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Timeline of the Han dynasty (206 BC–220 AD)
This is a timeline of the Han dynasty (206 BC–220 AD).
3rd century BC [ ]
Year
Date
Event
202 BC
28 February
Liu Bang becomes emperor of the Han dynasty (posthumously known as Emperor Gaozu of Han )
Emperor Gaozu of Han moves the capital from Luoyang to Chang'an
201 BC
Battle of Baideng : Emperor Gaozu of Han 's army is defeated by the Xiongnu
Xin, King of Han defects to the Xiongnu
2nd century BC [ ]
200s BC [ ]
Year
Date
Event
197 BC
The Xiongnu invade Dai Commandery with the help of Chen Xi and Han Xin
196 BC
Emperor Gaozu of Han replaces nine of the ten Kings of the Han dynasty with his brothers and sons
The Xiongnu invade Dai Commandery with the help of Han Xin
195 BC
1 June
Emperor Gaozu of Han dies and is succeeded by Liu Ying (posthumously Emperor Hui of Han )
The Xiongnu invade You Province with the help of Lu Wan
190s BC [ ]
Year
Date
Event
188 BC
Emperor Hui of Han dies and is succeeded by Liu Gong (posthumously Emperor Qianshao of Han )
184 BC
Emperor Qianshao of Han dies and is succeeded by Liu Hong (posthumously Emperor Houshao of Han )
182 BC
The Xiongnu invade Longxi Commandery and Tianshui
181 BC
Nanyue invades Changsha
The Xiongnu invade Longxi Commandery
180s BC [ ]
170s BC [ ]
Year
Date
Event
169 BC
The Xiongnu raid Han
166 BC
A 140,000 strong Xiongnu force invade near Chang'an
160s BC [ ]
Year
Date
Event
160 BC
A system of beacon and lookout stations is deployed
158 BC
A 30,000 strong Xiongnu force attacks Yunzhong Commandery and Dai Commandery
157 BC
Emperor Wen of Han dies and is succeeded by Liu Qi (posthumously Emperor Jing of Han )
154 BC
Rebellion of the Seven States : Liu Pi and six other kings rebel but are defeated
150s BC [ ]
Year
Date
Event
148 BC
The Xiongnu attack Yan Province
144 BC
The Xiongnu raid Yanmen Pass for horses
142 BC
The Xiongnu attack Yanmen Pass
141 BC
Emperor Wen of Han dies and is succeeded by Liu Che (posthumously Emperor Wu of Han )
140s BC [ ]
Year
Date
Event
139 BC
Zhang Qian sets off for the Western Regions
136 BC
Official posts are created for academicians
135 BC
Han campaigns against Minyue : A puppet king is installed in Minyue
133 BC
June
Battle of Mayi : The Han army fails to ambush the Xiongnu
132 BC
Yellow River dikes burst
130s BC [ ]
Year
Date
Event
129 BC
Han forces (40,000) under Wei Qing , Gongsun Ao , , and Li Guang engage in combat with the Xiongnu
128 BC
The Xiongnu attack Liaoxi and engage in combat with Han forces (40,000) under Wei Qing and
Nan Lü of Dongye surrenders to Han and the Canghai Commandery is created
127 BC
The Xiongnu raid Liaoxi and Yanmen
Han forces under Wei Qing , , and plunder the Xiongnu for livestock
126 BC
The Canghai Commandery is abandoned
The Xiongnu army (900,000) raids Han territory
124 BC
Han forces (100,000) under Wei Qing attack the Xiongnu
123 BC
Han forces (100,000) under Wei Qing attack the Xiongnu
122 BC
The Prince of Huainan rebels and is defeated
The Xiongnu raid Shanggu
121 BC
Han forces under Huo Qubing , , Zhang Qian , and Li Guang attack the Xiongnu
120s BC [ ]
Year
Date
Event
120 BC
The Xiongnu raid Youbeiping and Xingxiang, taking 1,000 captives
119 BC
June
Battle of Mobei : Han generals Huo Qubing and Wei Qing defeat the Xiongnu
Introduction of the iron and salt monopoly
New taxes are levied on market transactions, vehicles, and property
Zhang Qian goes on another trip to the Western Regions
116 BC
The Xiongnu raid Liang Province
113 BC
Reign names are introduced
112 BC
State monopoly on minting is enacted
A Han force of 20,000 attack the Qing in eastern Tibet
111 BC
Han conquest of Nanyue : Han annexes Nanyue
Han campaigns against Minyue : Âu Việt is defeated but the Han evacuate the Yue area rather than annex it; with the exception of Dongye at the mouth of the Min River , modern Fujian would not see significant colonization until 200 AD
Han forces (25,000)) under and try to attack the Xiongnu but can't find them
Modern Guizhou is incorporated into the empire
110s BC [ ]
Year
Date
Event
110 BC
Emperor Wu of Han personally leads Han forces (180,000) against the Xiongnu but their chanyu decides to retreat
Han secures a marriage alliance with the Wusun through Liu Jieyou
109 BC
Han conquest of Dian : The Dian Kingdom becomes a Han vassal
108 BC
Han conquest of Gojoseon : Han annexes Gojoseon and sets up the Lelang , Lintun , Xuantu , and Zhenfan commanderies
Battle of Loulan : Han subjugates Qiemo and the Jushi Kingdom
106 BC
Thirteen regional inspectors are appointed to be directly answerable to the central government
105 BC
Cai Lun improves on paper using a combination of rags and plant fibers
Aboriginals rebel in the southwest
104 BC
War of the Heavenly Horses : Li Guangli fails to make it to Dayuan
103 BC
Han forces (20,000) under attack the Xiongnu but are defeated
102 BC
The Xiongnu raid Jiuquan and Zhangye, capturing several thousand people
101 BC
War of the Heavenly Horses : Li Guangli forces Dayuan to provide horses
Han vassalizes Fergana
1st century BC [ ]
100s BC [ ]
Year
Date
Event
99 BC
Battle of Tian Shan : Han forces (35,000) under Li Guangli and Li Ling are defeated by the Xiongnu
98 BC
State monopoly on liquor is enacted
97 BC
Han forces (140,000) under Li Guangli attack the Xiongnu without results
94 BC
Summer
Han forces under kill the king of (around modern Yarkant County ) and capture 1,500 people
91 BC
Factional strife in Chang'an results in the deaths of thousands
90s BC [ ]
Year
Date
Event
90 BC
Han forces (79,000) under Li Guangli are defeated by the Xiongnu but another Han army (30,000) under manages to force the Xiongnu to flee
Han forces under conquer Jushi Kingdom
87 BC
Han forces under Wen Zhong capture a city near modern Islamabad
29 March
Emperor Wu of Han dies and is succeeded by Liu Fuling (posthumously Emperor Zhao of Han )
86 BC
's coup fails
Rebellion occurs in the southwest
83 BC
Rebellion occurs in the southwest
82 BC
Zhenfan and Lintun commanderies are abandoned
Hainan is abandoned for a time
81 BC
Discourses on Salt and Iron
State monopoly on liquor is abolished
80s BC [ ]
Year
Date
Event
80 BC
attempts another coup, which also fails
78 BC
Han forces under (20,000) under attack the Wuhuan
75 BC
Goguryeo attacks
74 BC
18 July
Emperor Zhao of Han dies and the Marquis of Haihun is enthroned
14 August
The Marquis of Haihun is deposed and replaced by Liu Bingyi (posthumously Emperor Xuan of Han )
71 BC
The Han, Wusun , Dingling , and Wuhuan coalition defeats the Xiongnu
70s BC [ ]
Year
Date
Event
69 BC
Han forces under retaliate against Qiuci for killing Colonel Laidan
67 BC
Battle of Jushi : Han forces conquer the Jushi Kingdom
65 BC
Han forces under force the king of Suoju to commit suicide and enthrone another king
Han vassalizes Qiuci
The Qiang revolt in eastern Tibet
64 BC
The people of the Jushi Kingdom are moved to Quli to work the land
The Xiongnu attack Jiaohe in the aftermath of the Battle of Jushi
61 BC
Han forces under advance into Qinghai and establish colonies
60s BC [ ]
Year
Date
Event
60 BC
The Protectorate of the Western Regions is established under Zheng Ji
53 BC
Wusun submit to Han suzerainty and are split into Greater and Lesser Kunmi
50s BC [ ]
Year
Date
Event
49 BC
Emperor Xuan of Han dies and is succeeded by Liu Shi (posthumously Emperor Yuan of Han )
46 BC
Hainan is abandoned for a time
44 BC
The state monopoly on salt and iron is temporarily abolished
42 BC
Qiang tribes revolt in the west
41 BC
The state monopoly on salt and iron is restored
Han forces (60,000) under crush the Qiang rebels
40s BC [ ]
Year
Date
Event
39 BC
Yellow River dikes burst
36 BC
Battle of Zhizhi : Han forces defeat the Xiongnu
33 BC
Emperor Yuan of Han dies and is succeeded by Liu Ao (posthumously Emperor Cheng of Han )
30s BC [ ]
Year
Date
Event
29 BC
Yellow River dikes burst
27 BC
Aboriginals rebel in the southwest
10s BC [ ]
Year
Date
Event
7 BC
7 May
Emperor Cheng of Han dies and is succeeded by Liu Xin (posthumously Emperor Ai of Han )
3 BC
The cult of the Queen Mother of the West spreads throughout China
1 BC
15 August
Emperor Ai of Han dies and is succeeded by Liu JIzi (posthumously Emperor Ping of Han
1st century [ ]
0s [ ]
Year
Date
Event
1
Earliest extant blast furnaces
3
The Yellow River floods and changes course
6
2 February
Emperor Ping of Han dies and Ruzi Ying becomes heir apparent but Wang Mang becomes acting emperor
7
Wang Mang is accused of murdering Emperor Ping of Han
9
10 January
Wang Mang declares his own Xin dynasty (literally "new dynasty")
The slave trade is outlawed
10s [ ]
Year
Date
Event
12
Wang Mang extends Xin territory into Qinghai
Xin forces defeat Goguryeo in battle
Aboriginals in Zangke Commandery (Guizhou ) rebel
The slave trade ban is rescinded
13
Karasahr rebels
14
Aboriginals in Yi Province rebel
16
A Xin expeditionary army under massacres the population of Karasahr
17
Red Eyebrows : Rebellion erupts in modern Shandong
20s [ ]
Year
Date
Event
22
Lulin : Rebellion erupts in Nanyang
11 March
Liu Xuan (later known as the Gengshi Emperor ) is enthroned by the rebels
Red Eyebrows : Xin forces are defeated by the rebels
23
January
Lulin : Xin forces are defeated by rebels
7 July
Battle of Kunyang : Xin forces are defeated by rebels
6 October
Lulin : Rebels take Chang'an and kill Wang Mang ; Luoyang falls soon after
Koreans raid the Lelang Commandery and take slaves
The Protectorate of the Western Regions is abandoned
24
March
The Gengshi Emperor relocates to Chang'an
25
July
Red Eyebrows : The Red Eyebrows enthrone their own emperor, Liu Penzi
5 August
Liu Xiu proclaims himself emperor (posthumously Emperor Guangwu of Han )
October
Red Eyebrows : The Red Eyebrows take Chang'an and strangle the Gengshi Emperor
27 November
Emperor Guangwu of Han takes Luoyang
Wang Diao takes over Lelang Commandery
27
15 March
Red Eyebrows : Rebels surrender to Emperor Guangwu of Han
29
Emperor Guangwu of Han pacifies the northern Central Plains and Nanyang
The Taixue is created
30s [ ]
Year
Date
Event
30
Emperor Guangwu of Han pacifies the Lelang Commandery , southern Central Plains and Shandong
31
Du Shi uses waterwheels to power piston -bellows for blast furnaces [80]
32
Ban Gu is born
34
Emperor Guangwu of Han defeats and pacifies the northwest
36
25 December
Emperor Guangwu of Han defeats Gongsun Shu and takes Chengdu , restoring the Han
40s [ ]
Year
Date
Event
40
Trung sisters' rebellion : Yue tribes rebel in Jiaozhi
43
Trung sisters' rebellion : The Trưng Sisters are decapitated
44
Han forces under Ma Yuan are defeated by Xiongnu
45
Ban Zhao is born
Aboriginals rebel in the southwest
Xiongnu raid Changshan
48
Aboriginals rebel in Wuling Commandery (northwestern Hunan )
49
Wuhuan settle in the northwest and north of the Central Plain
Qiang tribes retake the Qinghai region
50s [ ]
Year
Date
Event
51
An Ailao tribe defects to Han
57
29 March
Emperor Guangwu of Han dies and is succeeded by Liu Yang (posthumously Emperor Ming of Han )
60s [ ]
Year
Date
Event
63
The Xiongnu gain control of the Western Regions and start raiding Han
65
Liu Ying becomes the first documented sponsor of Buddhism in China
69
An Ailao tribe defects to Han
70s [ ]
Year
Date
Event
70
The southern flow of the Yellow River is eliminated
73
Battle of Yiwulu : Han general Dou Gu defeats the Xiongnu and restores the Protectorate of the Western Regions
74
Han forces capture Jushi Kingdom
75
5 September
Emperor Ming of Han dies and is succeeded by Liu Da (posthumously Emperor Zhang of Han )
77
The Protectorate of the Western Regions is abandoned
80s [ ]
90s [ ]
Year
Date
Event
90
The Protectorate of the Western Regions is restored
92
Ban Gu dies
93
The Xiongnu settle in southern Shaanxi
2nd century [ ]
100s [ ]
Year
Date
Event
106
13 February
Emperor He of Han dies and is succeeded by Liu Long (posthumously Emperor Shang of Han )
21 September
Emperor Shang of Han dies and is succeeded by Liu Hu (posthumously Emperor An of Han )
Goguryeo invades Xuantu Commandery
107
The Protectorate of the Western Regions is abandoned
Aboriginals rebel in the southwest
108
Qiang tribes raid the Central Plains
110s [ ]
Year
Date
Event
111
The Book of Han is finished by Ban Zhao
116
Ban Zhao dies
Aboriginals rebel in the southwest
117
Han forces under Ren Shang defeat the Qiang
120s [ ]
130s [ ]
Year
Date
Event
132
Han retakes some of Xuantu Commandery from Goguryeo
Zhang Heng invents the seismometer [97]
137
Rebellion erupts in Rinan
140s [ ]
Year
Date
Event
140
The Xiongnu overrun the Tiger's Teeth encampment near Chang'an
The Qiang rebel
142
The Qiang rebellion is defeated
144
20 September
Emperor Shun of Han dies and is succeeded by Liu Bing (posthumously Emperor Chong of Han )
December
Rebellion erupts in Jiujiang
145
15 February
Emperor Chong of Han dies and is succeeded by Liu Zuan (posthumously Emperor Zhi of Han )
Rebels attack Guangling and Jiujiang
Xianbei raid Dai Commandery
declares himself the Black Emperor and gets killed
146
26 July
Emperor Zhi of Han dies and is succeeded by Liu Zhi (posthumously Emperor Huan of Han )
Policy of assimilation in the southwest is implemented through education programs
150s [ ]
Year
Date
Event
156
Aboriginals rebel in the southwest
159
Aboriginals rebel in the southwest
160s [ ]
Year
Date
Event
166
The Xianbei raid Han territory
167
Han forces under massacre the Qiang
168
25 January
Emperor Huan of Han dies and is succeeded by Liu Hong (posthumously Emperor Ling of Han )
169
defeats the
170s [ ]
Year
Date
Event
176
Aboriginals rebel in the southwest
177
Han forces (20,000) under and Tian Yan are defeated by the Xianbei
180s [ ]
Year
Date
Event
184
spring
Yellow Turban Rebellion : The Yellow Turbans ravage the north and east and are defeated
winter
Liang Province rebellion : A rebellion occurs in (Liangzhou; 涼州; roughly present-day Wuwei, Gansu )
185
The imperial palace is damaged by fire and special taxes are levied for rebuilding
188
Governors are appointed to unify provincial administrations
189
summer
Emperor Ling of Han dies; Empress He and her brother He Jin enthrone Liu Bian and establish a regency government
winter
The Ten Eunuchs kill He Jin and are themselves massacred by Yuan Shao ; Dong Zhuo takes control of Luoyang and deposes Liu Bian in favor of his half-brother Liu Xie, Emperor Xian of Han
190s [ ]
Year
Date
Event
190
Campaign against Dong Zhuo : An anti-Dong Zhuo alliance forms in the east, led by Yuan Shao
Dong Zhuo burns Luoyang , loots the imperials tombs, and relocates to Chang'an ; the coalition breaks up and local officials set themselves up as warlords
Cai Yong dies
191
Zhang Lu sets up a theocracy in Hanzhong
192
Wang Yun and Lü Bu kill Dong Zhuo and Wang Yun himself is killed by Dong Zhuo's officers Li Jue and Guo Si
Cao Cao takes over Yan Province
195
Emperor Xian of Han escapes from Chang'an
Sun Ce sets up south of the Changjiang
196
Emperor Xian of Han relocates to Xuchang under Cao Cao 's control
197
Campaign against Yuan Shu : Yuan Shu takes the imperial title but is driven south by Cao Cao
199
Battle of Yijing : Yuan Shao eliminates Gongsun Zan in You Province
Yuan Shu dies
3rd century [ ]
Gallery [ ]
Chu-Han Contention (207 BC–202 BC)
Han dynasty, 190 BC - kingdoms in red, commanderies in black
Southern tribes in ancient China - red means nomadic, yellow is semi-nomadic, and purple is sedentary.
Extent of Han culture in 2 AD
Han commanderies and kingdoms, 2 AD
Han dynasty population distribution in 2 AD
Major Yellow River course changes
Citations [ ]
^
David Buisseret (1998), Envisaging the City , U Chicago Press, p. 12, ISBN 978-0-226-07993-6
^ Needham, Joseph (1986), Science and Civilisation in China, Volume 4: Physics and Physical Technology, Part 2, Mechanical Engineering , Taipei: Cambridge University Press, p. 370, ISBN 0-521-05803-1
^ Needham, Joseph (1959). Science and Civilization in China, Volume 3: Mathematics and the Sciences of the Heavens and the Earth . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 626–635.
Bibliography [ ]
Barrett, Timothy Hugh (2008), The Woman Who Discovered Printing , Great Britain: Yale University Press , ISBN 978-0-300-12728-7 (alk. paper)
Chang, Chun-shu (2007), The Rise of the Chinese Empire 1 , The University of Michigan Press
Crespigny, Rafe (2007), A Biographical Dictionary of Later Han to the Three Kingdoms (23-220 AD) , Brill
Crespigny, Rafe de (2017), Fire Over Luoyang: A History of the Later Han Dynasty, 23-220 AD , Brill
Ebrey, Patricia Buckley; Walthall, Anne; Palais, James B. (2005), East Asia: A Cultural, Social, and Political History , Boston: Houghton Mifflin, ISBN 0-618-13384-4
Knapp, Ronald G. (1980), China's Island Frontier: Studies in the Historical Geography of Taiwan , The University of Hawaii
Shin, Michael D. (2014), Korean History in Maps , Cambridge University Press
Twitchett, Denis (2008), The Cambridge History of China 1 , Cambridge University Press
Xiong, Victor Cunrui (2009), Historical Dictionary of Medieval China , United States of America: Scarecrow Press, Inc., ISBN 0810860538
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