Tutuala
Tutuala | |
|---|---|
Suco and town | |
 Village of Tutuala | |
  Tutuala Location in East Timor | |
| Coordinates: 8°23′34.44″S 127°15′24.12″E / 8.3929000°S 127.2567000°ECoordinates: 8°23′34.44″S 127°15′24.12″E / 8.3929000°S 127.2567000°E | |
| Country |  East Timor |
| District | Lautém District |
| Subdistrict | Tutuala |
| Suco | Tutuala |
| Population (2004) | |
| • Total | 3,707 |
| Time zone | UTC+9 (East Timor Standard Time) |
| Climate | Aw |
Tutuala is a village and suco in the subdistrict of Tutuala (Lautém District, East Timor). It is situated at the extreme eastern end of Timor.[1] Its population at the 2004 census was 3,707. The subdistrict of Tutuala comprises two sucos, including Mehara and Tutuala with the subdistrict administrator residing in Tutuala. The suco of Tutuala comprised four hamlets (aldeia): Ioro, Pitileti, Tchailoro, and Vero.[2] The main Fataluku language areas of the country are in Tutuala, as well as Lautem and Fuiloro.[3]
History[]
In Tatuala, 24 clans or ratu's have been identified. Tutuala were the autochthonous ratu in the village and senior people in the ratu are considered as the "Lord of the Land" (mua occawa) of the Tutuala region.[5] According to local tradition, the Tutuala ratu and Kati ratu clans originally spoke Makuvu; all other clans in the district originated from outside Timor, bringing their own language with them during their migration.[6] One clan has been identified as being from the province of southeastern region of Maluku, Indonesia.
Until World War II, the Lata people were settled in ancestral homes inside the forests, dependent upon the forests for their livelihoods. Many villages settled along the edges of the road or along the coast date to the period of Portuguese occupation, and after 1945 during the Indonesian occupation. Forested uplands in the Tutuala area were inhabited by the ratu or "clan groups" which included the walled and open settlements of Lata and also caves (veraka) which housed ancestral figures.[7] According to Timorese legend, Fataluku people believe that "Jaco Island (Totina), near Titula, is identified by Fatalaku people as “the head of the land”, while the rest of the island constitutions the body".[5]
Geography[]
Tutuala is at the extreme east end of Timor island. The sub district of Tutuala is delimited by Jon Inakafu and Savirara beaches to the north, Valu Beach on the east, the uninhabited Jaco Island[5] is to the south and the western limit by Malahara and Hi-lapuna hamlets, Veru Beach, and Somoco hamlet.[8]
Tutuala is 31 kilometres (19 mi) northeast of Lospalos. The road to Tutuala passes along the northern periphery of Lake Ira Lalaro and passes through the village of Mehara where Falalaku-style houses are seen. During the rainy season this stretch of road is prone to flooding from rising lake waters.[9] Tutuala beach, which is 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) from the village has fine white sand, known as Pantai valu. Opposite to this beach is Jaco Island, which also has fine beaches, and is separated by a narrow strait, noted for its colourful anemone fish and sea turtles.[10] Snorkeling and diving are practiced on Jaco Island. The forest settlement of Muapitine is separated from Tutuala by the Vekase River.[11]
Tutuala is situated within the Nino Konis Santana National Park. Geographic features of importance include Lake Ira Lalaro and Mount Paitchau, as well as the caves of Léné Ara.[12] Ile Kére Kére and O Hi.[1]
| hideClimate data for Tutuala (Average monthly temperature and precipitation) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °F (°C) | 86 (30) |
86 (30) |
88 (31) |
90 (32) |
90 (32) |
90 (32) |
90 (32) |
91 (33) |
91 (33) |
90 (32) |
88 (31) |
88 (31) |
91 (33) |
| Average low °F (°C) | 73 (23) |
73 (23) |
73 (23) |
75 (24) |
75 (24) |
75 (24) |
75 (24) |
75 (24) |
75 (24) |
75 (24) |
75 (24) |
75 (24) |
73 (23) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 20.15 (511.8) |
17.58 (446.5) |
13.24 (336.3) |
8.30 (210.8) |
9.38 (238.3) |
6.89 (175.1) |
7.20 (182.9) |
6.31 (160.3) |
6.70 (170.3) |
7.34 (186.5) |
12.78 (324.7) |
16.28 (413.6) |
132.15 (3,357.1) |
| Source: [13] | |||||||||||||
Archaeology[]
The caves of Ile Kére Kére were excavated in 1966-67, and numerous items such as stone tools and the bones of giant rats were unearthed, and some of the archaeological finds in the nearby caves of Lene Hara are carbon dated to 30,000 years ago. The caves also had cave paintings. Guerrilla fighters used these caves as hiding places during wartime.[14] Excavations at the Lene Hara cave established occupation at least 30,000-35,000 years ago. Marine shells and stone artifacts have been dated to the Middle Paleolithic through Mesolithic era. The site is a raised limestone terrace situated 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) from the coast. In addition to artifact, painted rock art was also recorded at Lene Hara, in roof panels and stalagmite formations.[15] The rock shelter site, Jerimalai, also located at the tip of the island, was occupied over 42,000 years ago; inhabitants, who left behind stone tools and shells, were noted to have eaten turtles, tuna, and rats.[16]
Gallery[]
Rice field in Mehara
Holy houses and meeting hall in Ioro, 1970
Lake Ira Lalaro floodplain and surrounding area
View from Jaco Island
Tutuala beach, in front of Jaco island
Church in Tutuala
Pousada (hotel) in Tutuala, former seat of the colonial administrator
Graffiti in Tutuala, saying "murderer" in memory of the massacre by pro-Indonesian guerrilla forces, 1999
References[]
- ^ Jump up to: a b Lonely Planet 2004, p. 81.
- ^ Jornal da Républica mit dem Diploma Ministerial n.° 199/09 Archived 3 February 2010 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ McWilliam & Traube 2011, p. 64.
- ^ Peter V. Lape: Chronology of Fortified Settlements in East Timor Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Miksic, Goh & O'Connor 2011, p. 42.
- ^ Sarmento 2010, p. 243.
- ^ McWilliam & Traube 2011, p. 226.
- ^ "Valu-Sere and Jaco Island" (PDF). Haburas Foundation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 December 2012. Retrieved 11 August 2013.
- ^ Lonely Planet 2004, pp. 81–82.
- ^ Lonely Planet 2004, pp. 82–83.
- ^ Reuter & Reuter 2006, p. 274.
- ^ European Association of Southeast Asian Archaeologists. International Conference 2006, p. 89.
- ^ "Tutuala Weather, Indonesia Weather Averages". Worldweather online. Retrieved 12 August 2013.
- ^ Lonely Planet 2004, p. 82.
- ^ O'Connor, Sue; Spriggs, Matthew; Veth, Peter (March 2002). "Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction was prohibited without permission. Excavation at Lene Hara Cave establishes occupation in East Timor at least 30,000-35,000 years ago". Antiquity. 291. 76: 47. doi:10.1017/S0003598X0008978X. S2CID 163141684.
- ^ Smith, Deborah (22 December 2006). "Timor cave may reveal how humans reached Australia". The Age. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
Bibliography[]
- European Association of Southeast Asian Archaeologists. International Conference (1 January 2006). Uncovering Southeast Asia's Past: Selected Papers from the 10th International Conference of the European Association of Southeast Asian Archaeologists : the British Museum, London, 14th-17th September 2004. NUS Press. ISBN 978-9971-69-351-0.
- Lonely Planet (2004). East Timor. Lonely Planet. ISBN 978-1-74059-644-2.
- Miksic, John N.; Goh, Geok Yian; O'Connor, Sue (2011). Rethinking Cultural Resource Management in Southeast Asia: Preservation, Development, and Neglect. Anthem Press. ISBN 978-0-85728-389-4.
- McWilliam, Andrew; Traube, Elizabeth G. (2011). Land and Life in Timor-Leste: Ethnographic Essays. ANU E Press. ISBN 978-1-921862-60-1.
- Reuter, Thomas; Reuter, Thomas Anton (2006). Sharing the Earth, Dividing the Land: Land and Territory in the Austronesian World. ANU E Press. ISBN 978-1-920942-70-0.
- Sarmento, Clara (1 October 2010). From here to diversity: globalization and intercultural dialogues. Cambridge Scholars. ISBN 978-1-4438-2366-1.
External links[]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tutuala (suco). |
- Populated places in East Timor
- Lautém Municipality