United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan

United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan

Official logo of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA)
Abbreviation	UNAMA
Formation	28 March 2002
Type	Political mission
Legal status	UN Security Council Resolution 2543 (2020) extended UNAMA until 17 September 2021[2]
Headquarters	Kabul, Afghanistan
Head	Deborah Lyons[1]
Parent organization	United Nations Security Council
Website	http://unama.unmissions.org/

The United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) is a UN Special Political Mission established to assist the state and the people of Afghanistan in laying the foundations for sustainable peace and development.

UNAMA was established on 28 March 2002 by United Nations Security Council Resolution 1401. Its original mandate was to support the implementation of the Bonn Agreement (December 2001). Reviewed annually, this mandate has been altered over time to reflect the needs of the country and was extended for another year, on 15 September 2020, by UN Security Council Resolution 2543 (2020).

Resolution 2543 (2020) calls for UNAMA and the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Afghanistan, within their mandate and in a manner consistent with Afghan sovereignty, leadership and ownership, to continue to lead and coordinate international civilian efforts in full cooperation with the Government of Afghanistan.

The Security Council also recognized that the renewed mandate of UNAMA is in support of Afghanistan’s full assumption of leadership and ownership in the security, governance and development areas, consistent with the Transformation Decade (2015–2024) and with the understandings reached between Afghanistan and the international community in the international conferences in Kabul (2010), London (2010 and 2014), Bonn (2011), Tokyo (2012), and Brussels (2016), and the NATO Summits held in Lisbon (2010), Chicago (2012), Wales (2014), Warsaw (2016) and Brussels (2017), Kabul (2018), Geneva (2018 and 2020).

The United Nations has been involved in the region since 1946 when Afghanistan joined the General Assembly. Agencies such as UNICEF have been operating in Afghanitan since 1949.

Structure[]

UNAMA's headquarters is in Kabul and it maintains a field presence across Afghanistan, as well as liaison offices in Pakistan and Iran. The Mission has around 1,164 staff: 770 Afghan nationals, 298 international staff and 68 UNVs. (Figures from June 2021.) The Mission has offices in Bamyan, Faizabad, Gardez, Herat, Mazar-e-Sharif, Kabul, Kandahar, Kunduz, Maimana, Pul-i-Khumri, and Jalalabad.

UNAMA is headed by the Special Representative of the Secretary-General (SRSG) for Afghanistan, Deborah Lyons, who was appointed to the post in March 2020, replacing Tadamichi Yamamoto. Seven Special Representatives have preceded them – Lakhdar Brahimi (former Algerian Foreign Minister) who served from October 2001 to January 2004, despite resigning from the post 2 years earlier; Jean Arnault who held the post from February 2004 to February 2006, followed by Tom Koenigs who held the post from March 2006 to December 2007, Kai Eide who held the post from 2008 to 2010, Staffan di Mistura from 2010 to 2011, Ján Kubiš from 2012 to 2014, Nicholas Haysom from 2014 to 2016 and Tadamichi Yamamoto from 2016 to 2020.

Since 2008, and following a directive of the UN Secretary-General, UNAMA is an integrated mission. This means that the Special Political Mission, all UN agencies, funds and programmes, work in a multidimensional and integrated manner to better assist Afghanistan according to nationally defined priorities.

The SRSG is responsible for all UN activities in the country and directly oversees the Security Section, Strategic Communication Service, Human Rights Section, and Peace and Reconciliation. The SRSG’s Chief of Staff oversees UNAMA’s Field Offices.

Two deputy Special Representatives (DSRSG) oversee the main pillars of the mission – political and developmental issues. Included under these pillars are mission sections specializing in issues such as political analysis, reporting, and outreach, and donor coordination, as well as the coordination of UN agencies funds and programmes.

Political affairs pillar of UNAMA[]

The political affairs pillar is led by Mette Knudsen, a Deputy Special Representative responsible for supporting political outreach, conflict resolution, and regional cooperation. The pillar includes the analysis and reporting, political affairs, rule of law, liaison’s offices in Islamabad and Teheran, gender unit and the electoral support office.

Development and Humanitarian Assistance[]

The development pillar is led by Ramiz Alakbarov, a Deputy Special Representative focusing on development and humanitarian assistance.

UNAMA's development pillar, serves to further integrate development efforts in Afghanistan, especially in regard to capacity building and coordinating humanitarian assistance from international bodies. Alakbarov is also the UN Resident Coordinator for Afghanistan, responsible for the coordination of the work of the UN Country Team.

The UNCT in Afghanistan comprises 20 agencies, funds and programmes with offices in Afghanistan:

• FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization)
• IFAD (International Fund for Agricultural Development)
• ILO (International Labour Organization)
• IOM (International Organization for Migration)
• OCHA (UN Office Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs)
• OHCHR* (Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights)
• UN WOMEN (United Nations Development Fund for Women)
• UNAIDS (United Nations program on HIV/AIDS)
• UNDP (United Nations Development Programme)
• UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization)
• UNFPA (United Nations Population Fund)
• UN-HABITAT (United Nations Centre for Human Settlements)
• UNHCR (United Nations High Commission for Refugees)
• UNICEF (United Nations Children’s Fund)
• UNIDO (United Nations Industrial Development Organization)
• UNITAR (United Nations Institute for Training and Research)
• UNMAS (United Nations Mine Action Service)
• UNODC (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime)
• UNOPS (UN Office for Project Services)
• WFP (World Food Programme)
• WHO (World Health Organization)

*OHCHR is integrated with UNAMA, working under direction of the SRSG

One UN for Afghanistan[]

In 2016, the Government of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (GoIRA) launched the Afghanistan National Peace and Development Framework (ANPDF) to carry the country forward from 2017 to 2021. UNAMA and the United Nations Agencies, Funds and Programmes recognize the ANPDF, and the development planning system that underpins it, as the single coordinating structure for development assistance. It was updated in 2020 - Afghanistan National Peace and Development Framework (ANPDF II), together with the Afghanistan Partnership Framework (APF) adopted at the 2020 Afghanistan Conference co-organized by the GoIRA, the Government of Finland and UNAMA.

In 2021, a new UN-Afghanistan Sustainable Development Framework is jointly being developed.

See also[]

• United Nations Security Council Resolution 1267 - the Sanctions Regime against Taliban and al Qaeda.
• International Security Assistance Force (ISAF)
• War in Afghanistan (2001-2021)
• List of UN Security Council Resolutions
• Bonn Agreement
• United Nations
• Department of Peacekeeping Operations
• United Nations Development Programme
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees
• Hamid Karzai
• Kofi Annan
• Afghanistan
• Afghan
• Human Rights
• Refugees

References[]

External links[]

• UNAMA
• United Nations
• A Democracy Is Born: An Insider's Account of the Battle Against Terrorism in Afghanistan