Vice President-elect of the United States
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Transitions
Planned transitions
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The vice president-elect of the United States is the candidate who has won election to the office of vice president of the United States in a United States presidential election, but is awaiting inauguration to assume the office.
There is no explicit indication in the U.S. Constitution as to when that person actually becomes vice president-elect, although the Twentieth Amendment uses the term "Vice President-elect", thus giving the term constitutional justification.
The term corresponds to the term "president-elect of the United States", used for those elected president of the United States for the same period between their election and inauguration.
Incumbent vice presidents who have won re-election for a second term are generally not referred to as vice presidents-elect, as they are already in office and are not waiting to become vice president.
Roles in presidential transitions[]
Similar to the president-elect, the General Services Administration is authorized by the Presidential Transition Act of 1963 to provide the vice president-elect with funding, office space, and various government services (such as transportation and communications) to accommodate their role in the transition between presidential administrations.[1]
The role that various vice presidents-elect have played in United States presidential transitions has differed.
Two vice-presidents elect have been in charge of presidential transitions as formal chairmen, Dick Cheney in the presidential transition of George W. Bush (2000–01)[2] and Mike Pence in the presidential transition of Donald Trump (2016–17).[3]
Bill Clinton heavily involved Vice President-elect Al Gore in his 1992–93 transition, including him in a group of confidants that joined Clinton in making many of the transition's top decisions.[4] Jimmy Carter allowed Vice President-elect Walter Mondale to play a role in his 1976–77 transition, including allowing him to provide input on some individuals being considered for roles in the administration.[5]
Some presidents have excluded their vice presidents-elect from playing a significant role in their transition. For instance, in Dwight D. Eisenhower's 1952–53 transition, Vice president-elect Richard Nixon did not play an active role.[6] During Nixon's own 1968–69 transition, Vice President-elect Spiro Agnew was similarly largely uninvolved.[7]
Vice President-elect Dan Quayle (second from right) and his wife Marilyn with President-elect George H. W. Bush and his wife Barbara, as well as outgoing president Ronald Reagan and his wife Nancy during a press conference held in the White House Rose Garden during the 1988–89 presidential transition of George H. W. Bush
Vice President-elect Joe Biden (left) with President-elect Barack Obama during a press conference held amid the 2008–09 presidential transition of Barack Obama
Vice President-elect Mike Pence (right) joins President-elect Donald Trump (left) at a meeting with Speaker of the House Paul Ryan during the 2016–17 presidential transition of Donald Trump
Procedure for replacement[]
If the vice president-elect dies or resigns before the meeting of the Electoral College in December, the national committee of the winning party would, in consultation with the president-elect, choose a replacement to receive the electoral votes of the vice presidential nominee in the same manner as would happen if the former vice presidential nominee had become president-elect due to the death of the apparent winner. Assuming the requisite number the electors agreed to vote for the replacement candidate, that person would then become the vice president-elect. If such a vacancy were to occur after the electoral votes had been cast in the states, most authorities maintain that no replacement would be chosen and the new president (after taking office) would nominate a vice president, per the provisions of the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the Constitution.[8]
Vice President-designate of the United States[]
Before ratification of the 25th Amendment in 1967, the Constitution contained no provision for filling an intra-term vacancy in the vice presidency. As a result, when one occurred (and did 16 times), the office was left vacant until filled through the next ensuing election and inauguration. Since 1967, the vice presidency has been vacant twice, and a successor was nominated each time to fill the vacancy in accordance with the 25th Amendment. The first instance was in 1973 when Gerald Ford was nominated by President Richard Nixon to succeed Spiro Agnew, who had resigned. The second came in 1974, when Ford, who had succeeded to the presidency following Nixon's resignation, nominated Nelson Rockefeller to succeed him.[9][10] During both vacancies, the nominee was called vice president-designate, instead of vice president-elect, as neither had been elected to the office.
List of vice presidents-elect[]
Vice President-elect[a] | Party | Following | Through | ||
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1 | John Adams | Nonpartisan | Election of 1788–89[b] | George Washington's first inauguration | |
2 | Thomas Jefferson | Federalist | Election of 1796 | John Adams's inauguration | |
3 | Aaron Burr | Democratic-Republican | Election of 1800[c] | Thomas Jefferson's first inauguration | |
4 | George Clinton | Democratic-Republican | Election of 1804 | Thomas Jefferson's second inauguration | |
5 | Elbridge Gerry | Democratic-Republican | Election of 1812 | James Madison's second inauguration | |
6 | Daniel D. Tompkins | Democratic-Republican | Election of 1816 | James Monroe's first inauguration | |
7 | John C. Calhoun | Democratic-Republican | Election of 1824[c] | John Quincy Adams's inauguration | |
8 | Martin Van Buren | Democratic | Election of 1832 | Andrew Jackson's second inauguration | |
9 | Richard Mentor Johnson | Democratic | Election of 1836 | Martin Van Buren's inauguration | |
10 | John Tyler | Whig | Election of 1840 | William Henry Harrison's inauguration | |
11 | George M. Dallas | Democratic | Election of 1844 | James K. Polk's inauguration | |
12 | Millard Filmore | Whig | Election of 1848 | Zachary Taylor's inauguration | |
13 | William R. King | Democratic | Election of 1852 | Oath of office administered March 24, 1853[d] | |
14 | John C. Breckinridge | Democratic | Election of 1856 | James Buchanan's inauguration | |
15 | Hannibal Hamlin | Republican | Election of 1860 | Abraham Lincoln's first inauguration | |
16 | Andrew Johnson | National Union | Election of 1864 | Abraham Lincoln's second inauguration | |
17 | Schuyler Colfax | Republican | Election of 1868 | Ulysses S. Grant's first inauguration | |
18 | Henry Wilson | Republican | Election of 1872 | Ulysses S. Grant's second inauguration | |
19 | William A. Wheeler | Republican | Election of 1876[e] | Rutherford B. Hayes's inauguration | |
20 | Chester A. Arthur | Republican | Election of 1880 | James A. Garfield's inauguration | |
21 | Thomas A. Hendricks | Democratic | Election of 1884 | Grover Cleveland's first inauguration | |
22 | Levi P. Morton | Republican | Election of 1888 | Benjamin Harrison's inauguration | |
23 | Adlai Stevenson I | Democratic | Election of 1892 | Grover Cleveland's second inauguration | |
24 | Garret Hobart | Republican | Election of 1896 | William McKinley's first inauguration | |
25 | Theodore Roosevelt | Republican | Election of 1900 | William McKinley's second inauguration | |
26 | Charles W. Fairbanks | Republican | Election of 1904 | Theodore Roosevelt's second inauguration | |
27 | James S. Sherman | Republican | Election of 1908 | William Howard Taft's inauguration | |
28 | Thomas R. Marshall | Democratic | Election of 1912 | Woodrow Wilson's first inauguration | |
29 | Calvin Coolidge | Republican | Election of 1920 | Warren G. Harding's inauguration | |
20 | Charles G. Dawes | Republican | Election of 1924 | Calvin Coolidge's inauguration | |
31 | Charles Curtis | Republican | Election of 1928 | Herbert Hoover's inauguration | |
32 | John Nance Garner | Democratic | Election of 1932 | Franklin D. Roosevelt's first inauguration | |
33 | Henry A. Wallace | Democratic | Election of 1940 | Franklin D. Roosevelt's third inauguration | |
34 | Harry S. Truman | Democratic | Election of 1944 | Franklin D. Roosevelt's fourth inauguration | |
35 | Alben W. Barkley | Democratic | Election of 1948 | Harry S. Truman's second inauguration | |
36 | Richard Nixon | Republican | Election of 1952 | Dwight D. Eisenhower's first inauguration | |
37 | Lyndon B. Johnson | Democratic | Election of 1960 | John F. Kennedy's inauguration | |
38 | Hubert Humphrey | Democratic | Election of 1964 | Lyndon B. Johnson's second inauguration | |
39 | Spiro Agnew | Republican | Election of 1968 | Richard Nixon's first inauguration | |
40 | Walter Mondale | Democratic | Election of 1976 | Jimmy Carter's inauguration | |
41 | George H. W. Bush | Republican | Election of 1980 | Ronald Reagan's first inauguration | |
42 | Dan Quayle | Republican | Election of 1988 | George H. W. Bush's inauguration | |
43 | Al Gore | Democratic | Election of 1992 | Bill Clinton's first inauguration | |
44 | Dick Cheney | Republican | Election of 2000[f] | George W. Bush's first inauguration | |
45 | Joe Biden | Democratic | Election of 2008 | Barack Obama's first inauguration | |
46 | Mike Pence | Republican | Election of 2016 | Donald Trump's inauguration | |
47 | Kamala Harris | Democratic | Election of 2020 | Joe Biden's inauguration | |
Notes:
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See also[]
- -elect
References[]
- ^ "PUBLIC LAW 88-277-MAR. 7, 1964" (PDF). govinfo.gov. United States Congress. March 7, 1964. Retrieved May 21, 2021.
- ^ "Chronology--Transition". p2000.us. Retrieved February 1, 2021.
- ^ Bender, Michael C. (November 12, 2016). "Donald Trump Shuffles Transition Team, Making Mike Pence Chairman". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved May 20, 2021.
- ^ Skinner, Richard (October 7, 2016). "Bill Clinton set a bad example with his transition". Vox. Retrieved February 1, 2021.
- ^ Burke, John P. (2000). Presidential Transitions: From Politics To Practice. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers. p. 29. ISBN 1555879160.
- ^ Henry, Laurin L. (January 1961). Presidential Transitions. Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution. p. 491.
- ^ Coffey, Joseph P. (2015). Spiro Agnew and the Rise of the Republican Right. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. pp. 89–91. ISBN 978-1440841415.
- ^ Coleman, Kevin J.; Cantor, Joseph E.; Neale, Thomas H. (April 17, 2000). "Presidential Elections in the United States: A Primer" (PDF). CRS Report for Congress. Congressional Research Service - Library of Congress. p. 48. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 31, 2010. Retrieved December 24, 2016.
- ^ Nessen, Ron (Reporter); Jamieson, Bob (Reporter); Brokaw, Tom (Anchor) (October 13, 1973). "Profile of Vice President-Designate Gerald Ford". NBC Nightly News. NBC. Archived from the original on November 14, 2020. Retrieved December 22, 2016.
- ^ "Nelson Rockefeller, Vice President-Designate". Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library & Museum. Archived from the original on November 14, 2020. Retrieved December 22, 2016.
- ^ McCaleb, Ian Christopher (December 13, 2000). "Bush, now president-elect, signals will to bridge partisan gaps". CNN.com. Archived from the original on November 14, 2020. Retrieved February 10, 2009.
- Presidential elections in the United States
- United States presidential inaugurations
- United States presidential transitions