Vistulan dialect

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Vistulan
Dialekt des Weichselgebietes
Native toPoland (formerly Germany)
RegionVistula region, West Prussia
EthnicityGermans
Language codes
ISO 639-3–

The Vistulan dialect (German: Dialekt des Weichselgebietes, lit. 'dialect of the Vistula region') was a dialect of Low Prussian, which belongs to Low German. The dialect was spoken in West Prussia, today in Poland. It had a border to Mundart der Weichselwerder.[1] It was spoken around Jezioro Żarnowieckie (Zarnowitzer See), Gdańsk (Danzig) and Grudziądz (Graudenz).[1]

Geography[]

It was geographically close to a transitional area of East Pomeranian dialect and Low Prussian, which is part of East Pomeranian. The transitional area would end at about Chojnice (Konitz).[2] Other places within this area included Bytów (Bütow), Lębork (Lauenburg), Bydgoszcz (Bromberg) and Toruń (Thorn). Within Low German in West Prussia, there was a major bundle of isoglosses in roughly the line Brodnica-Gardeja-Nowe and continuing somewhere between Kościerzyna and Chojnice.[3]

Phonology[]

In Gdańsk, it had High German a as ǫ before l in words such as ǫl for High German alt and hǫle for High German halten.[4] Another typical example is mǫn for High German Mann.[4] The dialect of Gdańsk also has mǭke for High German machen High German, nǭˠel for High German Nagel, šlǭˠen for High German schlagen inter alia. [4] It had a and ä in cases such as nat and nät for High German Netz. [4] It had ek ben I am for ek sī. [4]

History[]

Already in the age of the Teutonic Order there were Dutch colonists in Danzig.[5] By 1586 there were Mennonite congregations in both Graudenz and Danzig.[5] Within the coastal area from Gdańsk to Elbląg, the denomination Flemish Mennonites once predominated among the Mennonites, whereas in Vistula valley the denomination Frisian Mennonites did.[6] Some of the Flemish colonists of Chortitza Colony were from the Danzig area.[5] Low German with Dutch remnants was often still spoken in Danzig by Mennonite families at home in the first half of the 19th century.[5] In 1780 a German hymnbook was introduced, partly translated from Dutch.[5] Until then, the Danzig congregation had used Dutch songbooks.[5] Until the second half of the 18th century, Mennonite sermons were in Dutch.[7] Numerous words in the Danzig area were from Dutch, in particular nautical and commercial vocabulary.[7] Towards the end of the 18th century, the language spoken at home in long-established merchant families in Danzig was still Low German, this changed.[5] Use in Danzig has since then been restricted to workers and small artisans.[5] It was barely understood in privileged circles, but best by those who had the opportunity to hear it with their subordinates every day.[5] In the countryside, Low German was still spoken by the landowners, if they preserved the rural way of life.[5] In the second half of the 19th century, Low German had a considerable decline.[5] Dialekt des Weichselgebietes is among the varieties on which Plautdietsch is based and has the greatest phonetic similarity to.[5] There were Frisian Mennonites in Rudniki, Kwidzyn County (Rudnerweide), Sporowo (Sparrau), Pastwa (Pastwa), Kowalewo Pomorskie (Schönsee), Barcice, Pomeranian Voivodeship (Tragheimerweide) and Mała Nieszawka (Obernessau).[5] In Gdańsk and Stogi, in originally open syllables before k and x, a became o:.[8] There were congregations of Frisian Mennonites in Gdańsk, , Kowalewo Pomorskie and Barcice, Lesser Poland Voivodeship.[9] There were congregations of Flemish Mennonites in Gdańsk, Dziewięć Włók and Przechówko.[9] The switch from Dutch to High German as language of worship was earlier among Frisian Mennonites, which probably was due to High German refugees in the same area.[10] In urban congregations, the change of language of worship from Dutch to High German was later, which possibly was caused by contact to Dutch congregations.[10]

Hüttenpommersch[]

The area of Hüttenpommersch is not always included in its entirety within Low Prussian. It was spoken of both sides of the border of Free City of Danzig.[11] It was spoken around Przywidz (Mariensee).[11] it had a transitional area to Low Prussian.[11] Within its area, Kashubian was spoken. [12] Palatal k becomes an affricate tx. [13] G of High German is realized as j. [14]

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ a b Besch, Werner; Knoop, Ulrich; Putschke, Wolfgang; Wiegand, Herbert E. (14 July 2008). Dialektologie. 2. Halbband. ISBN 9783110203332. Archived from the original on 20 February 2022. Retrieved 21 July 2021.
  2. ^ "Dialekt-Karte_neu « atlas-alltagssprache". Archived from the original on 2021-01-10. Retrieved 2021-02-20.
  3. ^ : Kleine Schriften zur Sprachgeschichte und Sprachgeographie. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 1968, p. 185
  4. ^ a b c d e Bernhard Jähnig and Peter Letkemann (eds.): Danzig in acht Jahrhunderten. Nicolaus-Copernicus-Verlag, 1985, p. 325
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-10-21. Retrieved 2021-02-23.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  6. ^ Horst Penner:Weltweite Bruderschaft Heinrich Schneider, Karlsruhe, 1952, p. 75
  7. ^ a b "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-09-20. Retrieved 2021-02-23.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  8. ^ Walther Ziesemer: Die ostpreußischen Mundarten Ferdinand Hirt, Breslau, 1924, p. 132
  9. ^ a b Horst Penner:Weltweite Bruderschaft Heinrich Schneider, Karlsruhe, 1952, p. 72
  10. ^ a b Penner, Nikolai (2009). The High German of Russian Mennonites in Ontario (PDF) (PhD). University of Waterloo. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-06-12. Retrieved 2021-06-12.
  11. ^ a b c : Kleine Schriften zur Sprachgeschichte und Sprachgeographie. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 1968, p. 252
  12. ^ : Kleine Schriften zur Sprachgeschichte und Sprachgeographie. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 1968, p. 263
  13. ^ : Kleine Schriften zur Sprachgeschichte und Sprachgeographie. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 1968, p. 265
  14. ^ : Kleine Schriften zur Sprachgeschichte und Sprachgeographie. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 1968, p. 266
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