Wade–Giles table

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This Wade–Giles table is a complete listing of all Wade–Giles syllables used in Standard Chinese.[1] Each syllable in a cell is composed of an initial (columns) and a final (rows). An empty cell indicates that the corresponding syllable does not exist in Standard Chinese.

The below table indicates possible combinations of initials and finals in Standard Chinese, but does not indicate tones, which are equally important to the proper pronunciation of Chinese. Although some initial-final combinations occur with each of the five different tones, most do not. Some only occur with one tone.

Finals are grouped into subsets a, i, u and ü. i, u and ü groupings indicate a combination of those finals with finals from Group a. The following exceptions exist:

Group Special combination
i i+ê/o=ieh i+ou=iu i+an=ien i+ên=in i+êng=ing
u u+ê/o=o/uo u+ei=ui/uei u+ên=un u+êng=ung
ü ü+ê/o=üeh ü+ên=ün ü+êng=iung

Most syllables are a combination of an initial and a final. However, some syllables have no initials. These are written in Wade–Giles according to the following rules:

  • if the final begins with a u, replace the u with a w
  • if the final begins with an ü, add y in the beginning (no exceptions)
  • if the final begins with an i, replace the i with a y if there are other vowels; if there are no other vowels, add y in the beginning
  • if the final begins in any other way, keep the final as is
  • exceptions to the rules above are indicated by blue in the table's no initial column:
Wade–Giles table Initials Wade–Giles table
p m f t n l k h ch chʻ hs ch chʻ sh j ts tsʻ s
Group a Finals ih/ŭ chih chʻih shih jih tzŭ tzʻŭ ssŭ ih/ŭ Group a Finals
a a pa pʻa ma fa ta tʻa na la ka kʻa ha cha chʻa sha tsa tsʻa sa a
ê/o ê/o tʻê ko kʻo ho chê chʻê shê tsê tsʻê ê/o
ai ai pai pʻai mai tai tʻai nai lai kai kʻai hai chai chʻai shai tsai tsʻai sai ai
ei ei pei pʻei mei fei tei tʻei nei lei kei hei chei shei tsei ei
ao ao pao pʻao mao tao tʻao nao lao kao kʻao hao chao chʻao shao jao tsao tsʻao sao ao
ou ou pʻou mou fou tou tʻou nou lou kou kʻou hou chou chʻou shou jou tsou tsʻou sou ou
an an pan pʻan man fan tan tʻan nan lan kan kʻan han chan chʻan shan jan tsan tsʻan san an
ên ên pên pʻên mên fên tên nên kên kʻên hên chên chʻên shên jên tsên tsʻên sên ên
ang ang pang pʻang mang fang tang tʻang nang lang kang kʻang hang chang chʻang shang jang tsang tsʻang sang ang
êng êng pêng pʻêng mêng fêng têng tʻêng nêng lêng kêng kʻêng hêng chêng chʻêng shêng jêng tsêng tsʻêng sêng êng
êrh êrh êrh
Group i Finals i i/yi pi pʻi mi ti tʻi ni li chi chʻi hsi i Group i Finals
ia ya tia lia chia chʻia hsia ia
ieh yeh pieh pʻieh mieh tieh tʻieh nieh lieh chieh chʻieh hsieh ieh
iai yai iai
iao yao piao pʻiao miao tiao tʻiao niao liao chiao chʻiao hsiao iao
iu yu miu tiu niu liu chiu chʻiu hsiu iu
ien yen pien pʻien mien tien tʻien nien lien chien chʻien hsien ien
in yin pin pʻin min nin lin chin chʻin hsin in
iang yang niang liang chiang chʻiang hsiang iang
ing ying ping pʻing ming ting tʻing ning ling ching chʻing hsing ing
Group u Finals u wu pu pʻu mu fu tu tʻu nu lu ku kʻu hu chu chʻu shu ju tsu tsʻu su u Group u Finals
ua wa kua kʻua hua chua chʻua shua jua ua
o/uo wo po pʻo mo fo to tʻo no lo kuo kʻuo huo cho chʻo shuo jo tso tsʻo so o/uo
uai wai kuai kʻuai huai chuai chʻuai shuai uai
ui/uei wei tui tʻui kuei kʻuei hui chui chʻui shui jui tsui tsʻui sui ui/uei
uan wan tuan tʻuan nuan luan kuan kʻuan huan chuan chʻuan shuan juan tsuan tsʻuan suan uan
un wên tun tʻun nun lun kun kʻun hun chun chʻun shun jun tsun tsʻun sun un
uang wang kuang kʻuang huang chuang chʻuang shuang uang
ung wêng tung tʻung nung lung kung kʻung hung chung chʻung jung tsung tsʻung sung ung
Group ü Finals ü chü chʻü hsü ü Group ü Finals
üeh yüeh nüeh lüeh chüeh chʻüeh hsüeh üeh
üan yüan lüan chüan chʻüan hsüan üan
ün yün chün chʻün hsün ün
iung yung chiung chʻiung hsiung iung
Wade–Giles table p m f t n l k h ch chʻ hs ch chʻ sh j ts tsʻ s Wade–Giles table
Initials
Colour Legend:
"regular" initial or final

Final is in Group a or is a direct combination of:

  • i+Group a final
  • u+Group a final
  • ü+Group a final
Final of i, u, ü groups is a modified combination of:
  • i+Group a final
  • u+Group a final
  • ü+Group a final
syllable is direct combination of initial and final (or follows rules for no-initial syllables outlined at the top of the page) syllable is written with the less common of the two spellings of the final;
note the special spelling of the initials ts, tsʻ, s in the syllables tzŭ, tzʻŭ, ssŭ
Syllables that end with o have either the o/uo final or the ê/o final:
IPA pu̯ɔ pʰu̯ɔ mu̯ɔ fu̯ɔ tu̯ɔ tʰu̯ɔ nu̯ɔ lu̯ɔ kʰɤ ku̯ɔ kʰu̯ɔ xu̯ɔ ʈʂu̯ɔ ʈʂʰu̯ɔ ʂu̯ɔ ʐu̯ɔ ʦu̯ɔ ʦʰu̯ɔ su̯ɔ ɤ u̯ɔ
Wade–Giles po pʻo mo fo to tʻo no lo ko kʻo ho kuo uo huo cho chʻo shuo jo tso tsʻo so o/ê wo
Bopomofo ㄨㄛ ㄨㄛ ㄨㄛ ㄨㄛ ㄨㄛ ㄨㄛ ㄨㄛ ㄨㄛ ㄨㄛ ㄨㄛ ㄨㄛ ㄨㄛ ㄨㄛ ㄨㄛ ㄨㄛ
Pinyin bo po mo fo duo tuo nuo luo ge ke he guo kuo huo zhuo chuo shuo ruo zuo cuo suo e wo

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ A Chinese-English Dictionary.
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