Wanyan

The Wanyan (simplified Chinese: 完颜; traditional Chinese: 完顏; pinyin: Wányán; Manchu: ᠸᠠᠩᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ Wanggiyan; Jurchen script: ) clan was among of the clans of the Heishui Mohe tribe living in the drainage region of the Heilong River during the time of the Khitan-led Liao dynasty. Of the Heishui Mohe, the clan was counted by the Liao dynasty among the "uncivilized Jurchens" (生女真) indicating that the clan was not subject to the direct rule of the Liao emperors. Those Heishui Mohe clans ruled by the Liao dynasty were referred to as "civilized Jurchens" (熟女真). The Wanyan clan later founded the Jin dynasty.

Origins[]

The origins of the clan are obscure. According to sources such as the History of Jin (Jinshi 金史) and the Research on the Origin of the Manchus (Manzhou yuanliu kao 滿洲源流考), the clan's progenitor Hanpu emigrated from the kingdom of Goryeo or Silla at the age of sixty.^[1] However, controversy exists^[who?] as to the ethno-cultural identity of Hanpu, and the factual validity of the story itself.^{[citation needed]}

Founding of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty[]

A bixi stone originally erected on the grave of (完顏阿思魁, ?-1136), one of Aguda's generals, near modern-day Ussuriysk in 1193. The monument is now exhibited in Khabarovsk Regional Museum.

In 1115 AD, Wanyan Aguda, the chieftain of the Wanyan clan at the time, founded the Jin dynasty. Before his death in 1123, he also ended the Liao dynasty. Two years later, his brother Wanyan Wuqimai invaded the Song dynasty and conquered northern China in the Jin–Song Wars. Thereafter the Jurchens became sinicized; this can be seen in the sinicization of the surname "Wanyan" to "Wang" in the official Jurchen historical records.

Downfall and in the modern day[]

The Jin dynasty was destroyed in 1234 AD by an allied Mongol and Han (under the Southern Song dynasty) force. After their victory, both Mongol and Han entities declared that people with the surname "Wanyan" were considered to be related to the royal line of the Jin dynasty, and therefore such individuals were to be executed immediately.^{[citation needed]} For the sake of survival, those people with the surname "Wanyan" either changed the name to a Han Chinese form or moved to a remote area to avoid capture and execution. In present-day China, few descendants have kept the surname "Wanyan."

Notable figures[]

Males[]

• Hafeng'a (哈丰阿), held a title of master commandant of light chariot (轻车都尉, pinyin: qingcheduwei)
• Qing'en (庆恩), served as sixth rank literary official

Prince Consort

Females[]

Imperial Consort

Princess Consort

See also[]

• Category:Wanyan family – Wanyan family members (in Chinese)
• List of Manchu clans
• Plain White Banner

References[]

• Visiting the Wanyan Village in Jingchuan, Gansu Province (in Chinese language)

Chinese Wikisource has original text related to this article: Canonical Records of the Jurchen Jin Dynasty, Volume 1, Early Period

Chinese Wikisource has original text related to this article: Canonical Records of the Jurchen Jin Dynasty, Volume 135, Explanation of Jurchen Jin Language