War (U2 album)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

War
U2 War album cover.jpg
Studio album by
U2
Released28 February 1983 (1983-02-28)
RecordedSeptember–November 1982
StudioWindmill Lane, Dublin
GenreRock, post-punk
Length42:03
LabelIsland
ProducerSteve Lillywhite
U2 chronology
October
(1981) 		War
(1983) 		Under a Blood Red Sky
(1983)
Singles from War
  1. "New Year's Day"
    Released: 1 January 1983
  2. "Two Hearts Beat as One"
    Released: 21 March 1983[1]
  3. "Sunday Bloody Sunday"
    Released: 21 March 1983[2]
  4. "40"
    Released: August 1983

War is the third studio album by Irish rock band U2. It was produced by Steve Lillywhite, and was released on 28 February 1983 on Island Records. The album is regarded as U2's first overtly political album, in part because of songs like "Sunday Bloody Sunday" and "New Year's Day", as well as the title, which stems from the band's perception of the world at the time; lead vocalist Bono stated that "war seemed to be the motif for 1982."[3]

U2 recorded the album from September–November 1982 at Windmill Lane Studios with Lillywhite producing, the group's third consecutive album made at the studio with the producer. While the central themes of U2's previous albums Boy and October were adolescence and spirituality, respectively,[4] War focused on both the physical aspects of warfare, and the emotional after-effects.[3] Musically, it is also harsher than the band's previous releases. The album has been described as the record where the band "turned pacifism itself into a crusade."[5]

War was a commercial success for the band, knocking Michael Jackson's Thriller from the top of the UK charts to become the band's first number-one album there. It reached number 12 in the United States and became the band's first gold-certified album there. War received generally favourable reviews, though it was poorly received by some British critics. The group supported the album with the War Tour through the end of 1983. In 2012, the album was ranked 223rd on Rolling Stone's list of "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time".[6]

Recording[]

In August 1982, Bono and Ali honeymooned in Jamaica. It has been noted that it was not a typical honeymoon, as Bono reportedly worked on the lyrics for the upcoming album. The lyrics to "New Year's Day" had its origins in a love song Bono wrote for his wife,[7] but the song was reshaped and inspired by the Polish Solidarity movement.[8] The band began recording the album in September 1982 at Windmill Lane Studios in Dublin with producer Steve Lillywhite, their third consecutive record at the studio with the producer.[9]

The album's opener, "Sunday Bloody Sunday", an ardent protest song, stems from a guitar riff and lyric written by the Edge in 1982. Following an argument with his girlfriend, and a period of doubt in his own song-writing abilities, the Edge – "feeling depressed... channeled [his] fear and frustration and self-loathing into a piece of music."[10] Early versions of the song opened with the line, "Don't talk to me about the rights of the IRA, UDA".[10] After Bono had reworked the lyrics, the band recorded the song. The opening drum pattern soon developed into the song's hook. A local violinist, Steve Wickham, approached the Edge one morning at a bus stop and asked if U2 had any need for a violin on their next album. In the studio for only half a day, Wickham's electric violin became the final instrumental contribution to the song.[10]

During the sessions for "Sunday Bloody Sunday", Lillywhite encouraged drummer Larry Mullen, Jr. to use a click track, but Mullen was firmly against the idea. A chance meeting with Andy Newmark (of Sly & the Family Stone) – a drummer who used a click track religiously – changed Mullen's mind.[10] Mullen used the click track to stay in time for other songs on the album.[11] Mullen said of the album in a 1983 interview, "I think the drumming has always been pretty simple, I don't think it needs to be flashy. For War I use a click track, something I haven't used before, it's a way of keeping time in my headphones. When I listened to the music in time with the click track I knew I had to bring it down to the real basics. Hopefully for the next LP it will be more complicated, I'll move on. I think of it as a musical progression for myself because I learned a lot recording this album, just about my own style and that's what I wanted to do. I think there is a definite style on War where there isn't on the previous albums."[11]

Three of the tracks featured backing vocals by the Coconuts, of Kid Creole and the Coconuts. In the words of Steve Lillywhite, "they just happened to be in Dublin on tour, so we hung out with them and they came in and sang on 'Surrender'. So it was sort of random – this serious Irish rock band having the Coconuts on their album."[12]

The studio version of "40" was recorded during the final hours of the recording sessions in November 1982. Bassist Adam Clayton had already left the studio, and the three remaining band members decided they did not have a good song to end the album.[13] Bono, the Edge, and Mullen Jr. quickly recorded the song with the Edge playing both the guitar and bass parts. Bono called the song "40" as he based the lyrics on Psalm 40. In live versions of the song, the Edge and Clayton switch roles, as Clayton plays guitar and Edge plays the bass.

Composition[]

The sound of War is arguably harsher than that of the band's other albums. A major reason for this is that the Edge uses far less delay and echo than in previous and subsequent works.[14]

War opens with the protest song "Sunday Bloody Sunday". The song describes the horror felt by an observer of The Troubles in Northern Ireland, specifically Bloody Sunday. Already a departure from the themes of innocence and spirituality displayed on the group's first two albums, "Sunday Bloody Sunday" introduces the album with a startling, military-esque drum beat by Larry Mullen, Jr., a fuming solo by the Edge that segues into staccato bursts reminiscent of machine gun fire, and pointed lyrical couplets such as: "And today the millions cry / We eat and drink while tomorrow they die." The album as a whole is more direct than the ambient October. Bono said in 1983,

A lot of the songs on our last album were quite abstract, but War is intentionally more direct, more specific. But you can still take the title on a lot of different levels. We're not only interested in the physical aspects of war. The emotional effects are just as important, 'the trenches dug within our hearts'. People have become numb to violence. Watching the television, it's hard to tell the difference between fact and fiction. One minute you see something being shot on The Professionals, and the next you see someone falling through a window after being shot on the news. One is fiction and one is real life, but we're becoming so used to the fiction that we become numb to the real thing. War could be the story of a broken home, a family at war.[3]

"Sunday Bloody Sunday" is considered to be among the greatest political protest songs,[15] and has remained a staple of U2's live concerts in the years since.[16]

"Seconds" is a song about nuclear proliferation, and the possibility that Armageddon could occur by an accident.[7] The track contains a sample from the 1982 documentary Soldier Girls.[17] The Edge sings the first two stanzas, making it one of the rare occasions on which he sings lead vocals.[7]

In continuing the political motif of the album, "New Year's Day" is about the Polish solidarity movement.[7] In 2004, Rolling Stone placed it as the 435th greatest song of all time.[18] The song remains a staple of the band's live set, and is their third-most frequently performed song behind "I Will Follow" and "Pride (In the Name of Love)".[19]

"Like a Song…" was intended as a message to those who believed that the band was too worthy, sincere and not "punk" enough.[7] Bono speculated that the song's punk attitude would have made more sense in the 1950s and 1960s, as opposed to the "dressing up" of the genre in the early 1980s.[7] "Like a Song…" was only played live once.[20]

"Drowning Man" is the fifth track on the album. Its sound is a departure from the other tracks in War as it is a quiet, atmospheric song heavily influenced by the work of the Comsat Angels.[citation needed] It was never performed live, although there are also unconfirmed reports that it was performed at a concert in 1983.[21]

Other songs concern topics such as prostitution ("Red Light") and love ("Two Hearts Beat as One").

Release[]

The album was first released on 28 February 1983. The original cassette release contains the entire album on each side.

Packaging and title[]

The album was titled War for several reasons; in 1982, Bono said, "War seemed to be the motif for 1982," adding that "Everywhere you looked, from the Falklands to the Middle East and South Africa, there was war. By calling the album War we're giving people a slap in the face and at the same time getting away from the cosy image a lot of people have of U2."[3] The Edge said that "It's a heavy title. It's blunt. It's not something that's safe, so it could backfire. It's the sort of subject matter that people can really take a dislike to. But we wanted to take a more dangerous course, fly a bit closer to the wind, so I think the title is appropriate."[3] The boy on the cover is Peter Rowen (brother of Bono's friend, Guggi). He also appears on the covers of Boy, Three, The Best of 1980–1990, Early Demos and many singles. Bono described the reasoning behind the cover: "Instead of putting tanks and guns on the cover, we've put a child's face. War can also be a mental thing, an emotional thing between loves. It doesn't have to be a physical thing."[3]

Singles[]

In January 1983 (1983-01), "New Year's Day" was released internationally as the album's lead single. The single reached the top ten in the UK, and was the first release by the band to chart on the Billboard Hot 100. In March 1983, "Two Hearts Beat as One" and "Sunday Bloody Sunday" were released as singles in different regions. "Two Hearts Beat as One", a single in the US, UK, and Australia, reached number 18 on the UK Singles Chart; "Sunday Bloody Sunday", released in Germany and the Netherlands, reached number 3 on the Netherlands' charts. "40" was not released as a commercial single, but rather as a promotional single in Germany.

Reception[]

Contemporary professional ratings
Review scores
SourceRating
Albuquerque Journal7/10[22]
Miami HeraldPick[23]
Orlando Sentinel5/5 stars[24]
Philadelphia Daily News4/5 stars[25]
Rolling Stone4/5 stars[4]
The Village VoiceB+[26]
The Windsor StarA−[27]

In a favourable review in Rolling Stone, J. D. Considine said, "the album's musical strengths are largely the product of well-honed arrangements and carefully balanced dynamics". He added, "the songs here stand up against anything on the Clash's London Calling in terms of sheer impact, and the fact that U2 can sweep the listener up in the same sort of enthusiastic romanticism that fuels the band's grand gestures is an impressive feat. For once, not having all the answers seems a bonus."[4] Critic Dave Marsh said that despite not "match[ing] the pure chilling intensity" of Boy and Lillywhite's production not giving the guitars enough prominence, War was a "solid set". He complimented War for its "passion and commitment" and potent songs, calling it "as good as any post-new wave rock around". He concluded, "It's rare to see a band sustain such courageous behavior through three albums and still wind up on the brink of stardom."[25] Robert Christgau of The Village Voice wrote that "the deadly European virus that's always tainted this band turns out to be their characteristic melodic device", adding, "The Edge becomes a tuneful guitarist by the simple expedient of not soloing, and if Bono has too many Gregorian moments his conviction still carries the music."[26] Dan Kennedy of the Orlando Sentinel said that on War the group "more clearly define its philosophical stance" and that below the sense of despair on the surface is a "voice of hope that flies in the face of most rock postures".[24]

Brett Milano of The Boston Globe called War an "album of tension and conflict", with a "riveting opening" in "Sunday Bloody Sunday" and "one of the year's most affecting love songs" in "Two Hearts Beat as One". He said the "arrangements are models of invention" and that the Edge's "expressive guitar is still the heart of U2's sound". Milano found the only weakness to be the "anti-climactic acoustic songs" that close each side.[28] In a review published in the Albuquerque Journal, Rick Shefchik said, "The arrangements on this precocious young band's third album are brighter than before", giving their politically motivated songs a "pop sound they once seemed to be avoiding".[22] Bill Ashton of the Miami Herald called War one the year's best records and said it was the band's "most consistent album yet, full of plaintive lyrics and fiery guitar work" and a rhythm section that "sharpened noticeably" since October. He complimented the lyrics for never being heavy-handed despite touching on "revolution, life in the age of The Bomb, love and faith".[23] Philip Smith of The New Zealand Herald commended the band's maturing sound and labeled the album "a classic". He concluded his review, "So U2 have set out to make a big statement on a subject close to the Irishmen's hearts – and they have succeeded."[29] Terry Atkinson of the Los Angeles Times was disappointed by the "gradual dissolution of [U2'] sound" and found that only the two songs that "hold to the group's established style" ("Sunday Bloody Sunday" and "New Year's Day") were "thoroughly satisfying". The review concluded, "In trying to escape formula, U-2 too often loses the battle, but this willingness to try the new, added to its still-bracing basic thrust, indicates how distinctive the band is even in failure."[30]

Several reviews were negative in the United Kingdom. Gavin Martin of NME made a parallel between 1980's Boy and War, stating that "where Boy shone and flowed War is dull and static, and where Boy propelled lucid pellets of fire and imagination War cranks out blank liberal awareness"; he felt that after the single "New Year's Day", which he considered as "their finest single since "I Will Follow", War "declines quite dramatically", ultimately calling the album "another example of rock music's impotence and decay".[31] Sounds shared a similar point of view, recognising that the two singles were "by far the strongest tracks" on War, but that "for the remainder, they are a (dejected sounding) mixture of the incomplete, the experimental (in the simplest sense) and the plain sub-standard."[32] By contrast, Liam Mackie of Hot Press in the band's native Ireland said that War "totally eclipses" the group's first two albums and called it a "major leap forward, conceptually and technically". He praised the "resourcefulness and imagination" of the Edge's guitar playing and said the album "offers watertight evidence of the band's standing as a genuinely original force in contemporary music".[33]

War was a commercial success, becoming U2's first number-one album in the UK and supplanting Michael Jackson's Thriller at the top of the charts. The album placed sixth on The Village Voice's 1983 year-end Pazz & Jop critics' poll.[34]

War Tour[]

Main article: War Tour
U2 playing on an outdoor stage. The Edge is on the left playing guitar, Bono in the center with a microphone, and Adam Clayton on the right playing bass guitar. A drum set is partially visible on the right side.
U2 performing at the US Festival in May 1983

In support of the album, the band began touring on 1 December 1982. The first month of shows, referred to as the "Pre-War Tour", preceded the album's release and the bulk of the tour, and was meant to showcase and test the new songs in a live setting.[35][36] The War Tour proper began on 26 February 1983 and lasted until 30 November of that year. In total, the band played 110 gigs in Europe, the US, and Japan to promote War.[37] Over the course of the tour, the band began to play progressively larger venues, moving from clubs to halls to arenas.[38] Bono attempted to engage the growing audiences with theatrical, often dangerous antics, climbing scaffoldings and lighting rigs and jumping into the audience.[39] The sight of Bono waving a white flag during performances of "Sunday Bloody Sunday" became the tour's iconic image.[40] The band played several dates at large European and American music festivals,[41] including a performance at the US Festival on Memorial Day weekend for an audience of 125,000 people.[42] The group's 5 June 1983 concert at Red Rocks Amphitheatre on a rain-soaked evening was singled out by Rolling Stone as one "50 Moments that Changed the History of Rock and Roll".[43] The show was recorded for the concert video Live at Red Rocks and was one of several concerts from the tour captured on their live album Under a Blood Red Sky.[44] Both releases received extensive play on the radio and MTV, expanding the band's audience and showcasing their prowess as a live act.[43] During the tour, the group established a new tradition by closing concerts with "40", during which the Edge and Clayton would switch instruments and the band members would leave the stage one-by-one as the crowd continued to sing the refrain "How long to sing this song?".[45][46] The War Tour was U2's first profitable tour, grossing about $2 million.[47]

Legacy[]

Retrospective professional ratings
Review scores
SourceRating
AllMusic5/5 stars[48]
The Austin Chronicle5/5 stars[49]
The A.V. ClubA−[50]
Chicago Tribune3.5/4 stars[51]
Entertainment WeeklyB+[52]
Pitchfork8.9/10[53]
The Rolling Stone Album Guide4.5/5 stars[54]
Select5/5[55]

In 1989, War was ranked number 40 on Rolling Stone's list of "The 100 Greatest Albums of the '80s".[56] In 2003, the magazine ranked War 221st on its list of "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time", describing it as "the band's most overtly political album... charged with explosive, passionate guitar rock".[57] An updated version of the list in 2012 re-ranked the album at number 223.[6] Slant Magazine ranked War 94th on its list of the "Best Albums of the 1980s."[58]

According to Treble writer Jeff Terich, War served as "a triumphant close to [U2's] post-punk trilogy" and "the dividing line between U2, the young Dublin new wave act and U2, the heroic stadium rock band".[59] In a dissenting analysis, Bob Stanley believed the band had actually deviated from post-punk's regionalism and rejection of pop music universality to progressive levels of international success. He went on to write that, beginning with War, "it became increasingly hard to tell what U2 stood for, or what their purpose was – their vastness and their complete avoidance of detail made them hard to read, let alone love. One day someone will explain to Bono that pop is always more express when it is trying to mend a broken heart than when it's trying to save the world."[60]

Track listing[]

All tracks are written by U2.

Side one
No.TitleLength
1."Sunday Bloody Sunday"4:38
2."Seconds"3:09
3."New Year's Day"5:38
4."Like a Song…"4:48
5."Drowning Man"4:12
Side two
No.TitleLength
1."The Refugee" (produced by Bill Whelan)3:40
2."Two Hearts Beat as One"4:00
3."Red Light"3:46
4."Surrender"5:34
5."40"2:36
Total length:42:03

In 1993, Mobile Fidelity Sound Lab remastered the album and released it as a special gold CD. This edition has slightly different running times: most notably, "Seconds" runs 3:22, adding 11.5 seconds in the break section (beginning at approx. 2:03), while "Like a Song…" runs 5:00, extending the playout section (beginning at approx. 4:45).

2008 remastered edition[]

Following the remastered re-release of The Joshua Tree in 2007, it was rumoured that the band would also remaster and re-release War, along with the albums Boy and October.[61] This was confirmed by U2.com on 9 April 2008 (2008-04-09).[62] The remastered album was released on 21 July 2008 (2008-07-21) in the UK, with the US version following it the next day. It was released in three different formats:[62]

  1. Standard format: A single CD with re-mastered audio and restored packaging. Includes a 16-page booklet featuring previously unseen photos, full lyrics and new liner notes by Niall Stokes. The 10-tracks match the previous release of the album.
  2. Deluxe format: A standard CD (as above) and a bonus CD. Bonus CD includes b-sides, live tracks and rarities. Also includes a 32-page booklet with previously unseen photos, full lyrics, new liner notes by Niall Stokes, and explanatory notes on the bonus material by the Edge.
  3. Vinyl format: A single album re-mastered version on 180 gram vinyl with restored packaging.

Bonus CD[]

All tracks are written by U2.

No.TitleOriginal releaseLength
1."Endless Deep""Sunday Bloody Sunday" and "Two Hearts Beat as One" singles2:58
2."Angels Too Tied to the Ground"Previously unreleased outtake from "War" sessions3:34
3."New Year's Day" (7" single edit)"New Year's Day" single3:56
4."New Year's Day" (USA remix)"Two Hearts Beat as One" single4:31
5."New Year's Day" (Ferry Corsten extended vocal mix)Previously unreleased9:42
6."New Year's Day" (Ferry Corsten vocal radio mix)Previously unreleased4:37
7."Two Hearts Beat as One" (Long mix)"Two Hearts Beat as One" promotional single5:56
8."Two Hearts Beat as One" (USA remix)"Two Hearts Beat as One" single4:24
9."Two Hearts Beat as One" (Club version)"Two Hearts Beat as One" single5:43
10."Treasure (Whatever Happened to Pete the Chop)""New Year's Day" single3:24
11."I Threw a Brick Through a Window / A Day Without Me" (Live from Werchter -- 4 July 1982)"New Year's Day" single6:58
12."Fire" (Live from Werchter -- 4 July 1982)"New Year's Day" single3:46
Total length:59:28

Personnel[]

U2

  • Bono – lead vocals, guitar
  • The Edge – guitar, piano, lap steel guitar, backing vocals, lead vocals on "Seconds" (bass guitar on "40"; uncredited on the album)
  • Adam Clayton – bass guitar (except "40")
  • Larry Mullen Jr. – drums and percussion

Additional personnel

  • Kenny Fradley – trumpet on "Red Light"
  • Steve Wickham – electric violin on "Sunday Bloody Sunday" and "Drowning Man"
  • The Coconuts: Cheryl Poirier, Adriana Kaegi, Taryn Hagey, Jessica Felton – backing vocals on "Like a Song...", "Red Light", and "Surrender"

Charts[]

Certifications[]

Region Certification Certified units/sales
Australia (ARIA)[84] 2× Platinum 140,000^
Brazil (Pro-Música Brasil)[85] Gold 100,000*
Canada (Music Canada)[86] 3× Platinum 300,000^
France (SNEP)[87] 2× Platinum 600,000*
Germany (BVMI)[88] Gold 250,000^
Netherlands (NVPI)[89] Gold 50,000^
New Zealand (RMNZ)[90] Platinum 15,000^
Spain (PROMUSICAE)[91] Gold 50,000^
Switzerland (IFPI Switzerland)[92] Gold 25,000^
United Kingdom (BPI)[93] 2× Platinum 600,000^
United States (RIAA)[94] 4× Platinum 4,000,000^
Summaries
Worldwide — 11,000,000[95]

* Sales figures based on certification alone.
^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.

See also[]

  • List of covers of U2 songs – Drowning Man
  • List of covers of U2 songs – Like a Song...
  • U2 discography

References[]

Footnotes

  1. ^ Sams, Aaron; Kantas, Harry. "U2 – "Two Hearts Beat as One" Single". U2songs.com. Retrieved 1 April 2016.
  2. ^ Sams, Aaron; Kantas, Harry. "U2 – "Sunday Bloody Sunday" Single". U2songs.com. Retrieved 1 April 2016.
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Thrills, Adrian (26 February 1983). "War & Peace". NME. Archived from the original on 17 July 2011. Retrieved 7 November 2007.
  4. ^ Jump up to: a b c Considine, J. D. (31 March 1983). "War". Rolling Stone. No. 392. Retrieved 30 December 2010.
  5. ^ Reynolds (2005), p. 367
  6. ^ Jump up to: a b Wenner, Jann S. (ed.) (2012). "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time". Rolling Stone. No. Special Collectors Issue. ISBN 978-7-09-893419-6. Retrieved 20 June 2012.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
  7. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Stokes (2005)
  8. ^ Hilburn, Robert (8 August 2004). "Where Craft Ends and Spirit Begins". Los Angeles Times. section Calendar, p. E1. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
  9. ^ Parkyn, Geoff (March 1985). "The Producer: Steve Lillywhite". U2 Magazine. No. 14.
  10. ^ Jump up to: a b c d McCormick (2006), pp. 135–139
  11. ^ Jump up to: a b "Larry Mullen Interview". atu2. White Lucy. 1 April 1983. Retrieved 5 June 2017.
  12. ^ "U2's producer reveals studio secrets". BBC News. 18 July 2008. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
  13. ^ Barrett, Annie (22 November 2004). "On the Edge". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
  14. ^ Hutchinson, John (September 1986). "U2's Leading Edge". Musician: 33 – via Rock's Backpages.
  15. ^ VH1 Editors (2004). VH1's 25 Greatest Political Protest Songs (Television series). VH1 television.
  16. ^ U2gigs.com. "U2 on Tour - played songs: Sunday Bloody Sunday". Retrieved 7 March 2008.
  17. ^ "Seconds by U2". Songfacts.com. Retrieved 14 January 2008.
  18. ^ "500 Greatest Songs of All Time: U2, 'New Year's Day'". Rolling Stone. 7 April 2011. Retrieved 5 June 2017.
  19. ^ "All songs U2 ever played in concert". U2gigs.com. Retrieved 12 March 2008.
  20. ^ "Like a Song". U2gigs.com. Retrieved 12 March 2008.
  21. ^ "1983-06-03: Salt Palace Assembly Hall - Salt Lake City, Utah, USA". U2gigs.com. Retrieved 19 July 2008.
  22. ^ Jump up to: a b Shefchik, Rick (29 April 1983). "Record Reviews". Albuquerque Journal. p. C-2.
  23. ^ Jump up to: a b Ashton, Bill (24 April 1983). "Wrapping up rock, jazz and country releases for April". Miami Herald. p. 2L.
  24. ^ Jump up to: a b Kennedy, Dan (15 June 1983). "U2's political voice loud and clear in 'War'". Orlando Sentinel. p. E-3.
  25. ^ Jump up to: a b Marsh, Dave (4 June 1983). "U2 Quartert Comes Up a Winner in This 'War'". Philadelphia Daily News. p. 14.
  26. ^ Jump up to: a b Christgau, Robert (28 June 1983). "Christgau's Consumer Guide". The Village Voice. Retrieved 24 September 2015.
  27. ^ Shaw, Ted (7 May 1983). "Pop – U2: War (Island-WEA)". The Windsor Star. p. C6.
  28. ^ Milano, Brett (24 March 1983). "Records: Trash from Kings/Ennui from Cross/One-Man Synth Trick/Mahler Woes". The Boston Globe. sec. Calendar, p. 10.
  29. ^ Smith, Philip (23 May 1983). "Review: War". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
  30. ^ Atkinson, Terry (3 April 1983). "U-2 Declares 'War' and Loses". Los Angeles Times. sec. Calendar, p. 57.
  31. ^ Martin, Gavin (26 February 1983). "Run Aground On Rock". NME.
  32. ^ "Battle-Fatigued". Sounds. 26 February 1983.
  33. ^ Mackie, Liam (18 February 1983). "Blood on the Tracks". Hot Press. Vol. 7 no. 3. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
  34. ^ "The 1983 Pazz & Jop Critics Poll". The Village Voice. 28 February 1984. Retrieved 11 March 2011.
  35. ^ "U2 tour details". U2Tours. 1 January 2000. Retrieved 29 February 2008.
  36. ^ "@U2 Podcast, Edition 4-2 "The @U2 Warcast". atU2. 29 February 2008. Archived from the original on 23 April 2008. Retrieved 29 February 2008.
  37. ^ McGee (2008), pp. 63–64, 66, 72
  38. ^ de la Parra (2003), p. 42
  39. ^ Lambert, Paul, "U2: Keeping the Faith with Unforgettable Fire", The Wall Street Journal, 2 April 1985. In Bordowitz (ed.), The U2 Reader, pp. 44–47.
  40. ^ Block, Adam (1 May 1989). "Bono Bites Back". Mother Jones. Retrieved 18 June 2010.
  41. ^ Snow (2014), p. 56
  42. ^ Jobling (2014), p. 107
  43. ^ Jump up to: a b Cave, Damien; et al. (24 June 2004). "U2's Gamble at Red Rocks". Rolling Stone. No. 951. p. 146.
  44. ^ Jobling (2014), pp. 108–111
  45. ^ Graham (2004), pp. 20–21
  46. ^ McCormick (2006), p. 142
  47. ^ Jobling (2014), p. 112
  48. ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "War – U2". AllMusic. All Media Network. Retrieved 30 December 2010.
  49. ^ Bertin, Michael (30 March 2001). "Record Reviews – The U2 Catalog: War". The Austin Chronicle. Retrieved 7 February 2011.
  50. ^ Hyden, Steven (28 July 2008). "U2". The A.V. Club. Retrieved 24 September 2015.
  51. ^ Kot, Greg (6 September 1992). "You, Too, Can Hear The Best Of U2". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 3 December 2015.
  52. ^ Wyman, Bill (29 November 1991). "U2's Discography". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 24 September 2015.
  53. ^ Tangari, Joe (24 July 2008). "U2: Boy / October / War". Pitchfork. Retrieved 30 December 2010.
  54. ^ Considine, J. D.; Brackett, Nathan (2004). "U2". In Brackett, Nathan; Hoard, Christian (eds.). The New Rolling Stone Album Guide (4th ed.). Simon & Schuster. pp. 833–34. ISBN 0-7432-0169-8.
  55. ^ Griffiths, Nick (September 1991). "U2: War". Select. No. 15. p. 82.
  56. ^ "100 Greatest Albums of the 80's". Rolling Stone. No. 565. 16 November 1989.
  57. ^ Blashill, Pat; DeCurtis, Anthony; Edmonds, Ben; et al. (11 December 2003). "War: U2". Rolling Stone. No. 937. p. 144.
  58. ^ "The 100 Best Albums of the 1980s". Slant Magazine. 5 March 2012. Retrieved 5 June 2017.
  59. ^ Terich, Jeff (24 May 2021). "U2's War provided a triumphant close to their post-punk trilogy". Treble. Retrieved 23 June 2021.
  60. ^ Stanley, Bob (2014). Yeah! Yeah! Yeah!: The Story of Pop Music from Bill Haley to Beyoncé. W. W. Norton. p. 365. ISBN 9780393242706.
  61. ^ Futterman, Erica (11 February 2008). "News Ticker: Ozzfest, Pete Townshend, U2, Dr. Dre". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 22 February 2008. Retrieved 12 March 2008.
  62. ^ Jump up to: a b "Boy, October, War: Remastered". U2.com. 9 April 2008. Retrieved 9 April 2008.
  63. ^ Kent, David (1993). Australian Chart Book 1970–1992 (illustrated ed.). St Ives, N.S.W.: Australian Chart Book. p. 317. ISBN 0-646-11917-6.
  64. ^ "Ultratop.be – U2 – War" (in Dutch). Hung Medien. Retrieved 19 November 2019.
  65. ^ "Ultratop.be – U2 – War" (in French). Hung Medien. Retrieved 19 November 2019.
  66. ^ "RPM100 Albums". RPM. Vol. 38 no. 13. 28 May 1983. p. 8. Retrieved 19 November 2019.
  67. ^ "Dutchcharts.nl – U2 – War" (in Dutch). Hung Medien. Retrieved 19 November 2019.
  68. ^ "Lescharts.com – U2 – War". Hung Medien. Retrieved 19 November 2019.
  69. ^ "Offiziellecharts.de – U2 – War" (in German). GfK Entertainment Charts. Retrieved 19 November 2019.
  70. ^ "Irish-charts.com – Discography U2". Hung Medien. Retrieved 19 November 2019.
  71. ^ "Italiancharts.com – U2 – War". Hung Medien. Retrieved 19 November 2019.
  72. ^ "Charts.nz – U2 – War". Hung Medien. Retrieved 19 November 2019.
  73. ^ "Norwegiancharts.com – U2 – War". Hung Medien. Retrieved 19 November 2019.
  74. ^ "Portuguesecharts.com – U2 – War". Hung Medien. Retrieved 19 November 2019.
  75. ^ "Spanishcharts.com – U2 – War". Hung Medien. Retrieved 19 November 2019.
  76. ^ "Swedishcharts.com – U2 – War". Hung Medien. Retrieved 19 November 2019.
  77. ^ "U2 | full Official Charts history". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 19 November 2019.
  78. ^ "U2 Chart History (Billboard 200)". Billboard. Retrieved 19 November 2019.
  79. ^ "Search the charts". Irishcharts.ie. Retrieved 23 January 2010. Note: U2 must be searched manually.
  80. ^ "RPM archive". RPM. 21 May 1983. Retrieved 23 January 2010. Note: U2 needs to be searched manually.
  81. ^ "U2 – New Year's Day". Ultratop. Hung Medien. Retrieved 23 January 2010.
  82. ^ "U2 singles". Everyhit.com. Retrieved 29 October 2009. Note: U2 must be searched manually.
  83. ^ Jump up to: a b "U2: Charts and Awards". AllMusic. All Media Network. Archived from the original on 21 November 2009. Retrieved 13 January 2010.
  84. ^ "ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 1996 Albums" (PDF). Australian Recording Industry Association. Retrieved 13 July 2021.
  85. ^ "Brazilian album certifications – U2 – War" (in Portuguese). Pro-Música Brasil. Retrieved 19 November 2019.
  86. ^ "Canadian album certifications – U2 – War". Music Canada. Retrieved 19 November 2019.
  87. ^ "French album certifications – U2 – War" (in French). InfoDisc. Retrieved 19 June 2021. Select U2 and click OK. 
  88. ^ "Gold-/Platin-Datenbank (U2; 'War')" (in German). Bundesverband Musikindustrie. Retrieved 19 November 2019.
  89. ^ "Dutch album certifications – U2 – War" (in Dutch). Nederlandse Vereniging van Producenten en Importeurs van beeld- en geluidsdragers. Retrieved 19 November 2019. Enter War in the "Artiest of titel" box.
  90. ^ "New Zealand album certifications – U2 – War". Recorded Music NZ. Retrieved 19 November 2019.
  91. ^ Sólo Éxitos 1959–2002 Año A Año: Certificados 1979–1990 (in Spanish). Iberautor Promociones Culturales. 2005. ISBN 8480486392.
  92. ^ "The Official Swiss Charts and Music Community: Awards (U2; 'Wer')". IFPI Switzerland. Hung Medien. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
  93. ^ "British album certifications – U2 – War". British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved 19 November 2019.
  94. ^ "American album certifications – U2 – War". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved 19 November 2019.
  95. ^ Perricone, Kathleen (19 October 2011). "Child who appeared on U2 album covers for 'Boy,' 'War' all grown up 31 years later". Daily News.

Bibliography

External links[]

Retrieved from ""