White ethnostate

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A White ethnostate is a proposed type of state in which residence or citizenship would be limited to White people, and would exclude non-whites, such as Black people, Asian people, and Native American people. In the United States, proposals for such a state are advanced by White supremacist and White separatist factions such as Ku Klux Klansmen and Neo-Nazis whether through claiming a certain part or the whole of the country to have a White majority.[1][2]

Historically, Australia attempted to establish a Whites-only state through restrictions on non-White immigration and the social assimilation of Aborigines in its White Australia policy. Apartheid-era South Africa made an attempt by pushing the non-White population into areas known as Bantustans through various means, including deportations and racial segregation, with the aim of establishing separate states out of the resulting ethnically cleansed areas, the largest of which would be a White state.[3]

Proposed white ethnostates[]

North America[]

Historically, as well as in modern times, the Pacific Northwest (Washington, Oregon, Idaho and a portion of Montana) has been proposed by many white supremacists as a location for the establishment of a White ethnostate. This Northwest Territorial Imperative was promoted by Richard Girnt Butler, Robert Jay Mathews, David Lane, and Harold Covington, alongside the White supremacist terrorist organization The Order, the Neo-Nazi Christian Identity organization Aryan Nations, the White power skinhead group Volksfront, and the Northwest Front, among others. The Northwest Territorial Imperative also has loose overlap with the Cascadia independence movement, which also seeks to create an independent republic between the Northwest and parts of Northern California in the United States and British Columbia in Canada.[4][5] Some in the far-right use the term American Redoubt to describe a similar migration to the Northwestern United States.[6]

Other areas have been looked into as sites for a potential white ethnostate by certain groups, most notably the South and the self-proclaimed "Southern Nationalist" League of the South (LS) given the region's history of secessionism and once being an independent nation known as the Confederate States of America (1861–1865). Another example is Billy Roper's Shield Wall Network (SWN), a neo-Nazi organization located in Mountain View, Arkansas which seeks to build a "white ethnostate" in the Ozark region and is affiliated with other separatist groups such as the Ku Klux Klan (KKK); the Knights Party, located near Harrison, Arkansas; the League of the South (LS); and the National Socialist Movement (NSM) of now-defunct Nationalist Front.[7] Conversely, the Ozarks have been a "hotbed" for adherents of the Christian Identity movement including the Church of Israel and various members of the Christian Patriot movement who have set up paramilitary training camps to prepare for a coming Armageddon.[7][8][9] The defunct neo-Nazi organization Traditionalist Worker Party (TWP), led by Matthew Heimbach, also sought to create a white ethnostate called "Avalon", built upon the ideological principles of Nazism, various strands of European fascism such as Legionarism and British Fascism, and Eastern Orthodoxy.

South Africa[]

After the end of apartheid, some Afrikaner nationalist organizations, including Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging, started to promote the idea of a Volkstaat that would be created in the Western Cape region.[10]

Historical attempts at creating a white ethnostate[]

  •  South Africa:

During the apartheid era, the South African government, led by the National Party, attempted to turn South Africa into a whites-only state by forcing millions of Black people to move to bantustans.[3][clarification needed] Post-apartheid, some Afrikaner groups such as Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging (AWB) and Afrikaner Volksfront have promoted the idea of a Volkstaat or a homeland for Afrikaners only. The town of Orania, Northern Cape is a manifestation of the Volkstaat idea.[11]

  • AustraliaAustralia:

For 72 years, from 1901 until 1973, Australia implemented a White Australia Policy to exclude people of non-European origin.

  • United StatesUnited States:

In 2013, white supremacist Craig Cobb attempted to take over the small town of Leith, North Dakota, and turn it into a neo-Nazi enclave; this failed due to Cobb's violent behavior towards Leith residents, which got him arrested. The events form the basis of the documentary Welcome to Leith. The United States also had historical white nationalist ideas in the form of the Naturalization Act of 1790, which would allow whites to apply for citizenship if they have lived in the United States for two years without breaking any laws. Non-white citizens as of the Johnson–Reed Act[12] in 1924 were allowed to immigrate to America following a quota of 2% of the number of people from their race living in America in 1890. The 1952 McCarran–Walter Act revised the former 1924 act and decreased the percentage of people coming into America. It also removed the ban on immigration from Asia.[13] Discrimination in immigration only ended legally by the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965.

  • New ZealandNew Zealand:

Similar to Australia, what was dubbed "White New Zealand Policy" saw legislation enacted that aimed to keep out Asians and other non-Europeans from immigrating to the country.[14] After the Second World War, a 1953 Department of External Affairs memorandum set out the intent in more clear terms. The laws were relaxed only in the 1970s and the 1980s.

"Our immigration is based firmly on the principle that we are and intend to remain a country of European development. It is inevitably discriminatory against Asians – indeed against all persons who are not wholly of European race and colour. Whereas we have done much to encourage immigration from Europe, we do everything to discourage it from Asia".[15]

  •  Nazi Germany:
See also: Generalplan Ost
See also: Lebensraum

Adolf Hitler's plan was to create a Nordic/Aryan superstate that would rule over most of Europe and dominate its geopolitical landscape and eradicate everyone who was not considered "pure" by the Nazis. The objective of Nazi Germany was to turn a large part of central and eastern Europe into an "Aryan" homeland by cleansing its population through the genocide and mass deportation of non-Aryans such as Jews, Slavs (i.e. Poles, Serbs, etc.), Roma/Gypsies, and homosexuals.

  •  Rhodesia:

In November 1965, Ian Smith, the Prime Minister of Southern Rhodesia, declared the independence of Southern Rhodesia to prevent blacks from ruling the country and to preserve white culture.[16][17][18] Southern Rhodesia became independent as Rhodesia.

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ Dickson, Caitlin (2 February 2018). "The Neo-Nazi Has No Clothes: In Search Of Matt Heimbach's Bogus 'White Ethnostate'" – via Huff Post.
  2. ^ Rosenberg, David (24 October 2017). "Opinion Richard Spencers Israeli Ethno-state Is a neo-Nazi's Nightmare" – via Haaretz.
  3. ^ a b "Bantustan - historical territory, South Africa". Britannica.
  4. ^ Barry J. Balleck (2014). Allegiance to Liberty: The Changing Face of Patriots, Militias, and Political Violence in America. Praeger. pp. 122–123. ISBN 978-1440830952. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
  5. ^ Buck, Christopher (2009). Religious myths and visions of America : how minority faiths redefined America's world role. Westport, Conn.: Praeger. pp. 114–115. ISBN 978-0313359590. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
  6. ^ Walters, Daniel. "Does this anti-"sodomite," slavery-defending, Holocaust-denying Idaho pastor lead a hate group?". Inlander.
  7. ^ a b "Shield Wall Network (SWN)". Anti-Defamation League.
  8. ^ https://www.adl.org/sites/default/files/documents/assets/pdf/combating-hate/Gayman-Dan-EIA-1.pdf
  9. ^ https://www.resist.com/Instauration/OtherPubs-20120723/SilentBrotherhood.pdf
  10. ^ Bevan, Stephen (31 May 2008). "AWB leader Terre'Blanche rallies Boers again". Archived from the original on June 4, 2008 – via www.telegraph.co.uk.
  11. ^ Schonteich, Martin; Boshoff, Henri (2003). 'Volk' Faith and Fatherland. The Security Threat Posed by the White Right (PDF). Institute for Security Studies. p. ee. Retrieved 28 July 2019.
  12. ^ "Milestones: 1921–1936 - Office of the Historian".
  13. ^ "Milestones: 1945–1952 - Office of the Historian". history.state.gov.
  14. ^ "White New Zealand policy introduced | NZHistory, New Zealand history online". nzhistory.govt.nz. Retrieved 2021-03-08.
  15. ^ Taonga, New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage Te Manatu. "1946–1985: gradual change". teara.govt.nz. Retrieved 2021-03-08.
  16. ^ Duignan, Peter (1985). Politics and Government in African States 1960–1985. Taylor & Francis Books. ISBN 978-0709914754.
  17. ^ Raeburn, Michael (1978). We are everywhere: Narratives from Rhodesian guerillas. Random House. ISBN 978-0394505305.
  18. ^ Raftopolous, Brian (2009). Becoming Zimbabwe: A History from the pre-colonial period to 2008. Weaver Press. ISBN 978-1779220837.
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