Windham County, Connecticut

Windham County
County of Connecticut
County of Windham
The Windham Town Hall, and former county courthouse
Location within the U.S. state of Connecticut
Connecticut's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 41°50′N 71°59′W / 41.83°N 71.99°W / 41.83; -71.99
Country	United States
State	Connecticut
Founded	May 12, 1726
Seat	none (1960-present) Willimantic (1893-1960) Windham (1726-1893)
Largest town	Windham
Area
• Total	521 sq mi (1,350 km2)
• Land	513 sq mi (1,330 km2)
• Water	8.5 sq mi (22 km2)  1.6%%
Population  (2010)
• Total	118,428
• Estimate  (2019)	116,782
• Density	230/sq mi (88/km2)
Time zone	UTC−5 (Eastern)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−4 (EDT)
Area code	860 and 959
Congressional district	2nd

Windham County is a county located in the northeastern corner of the U.S. state of Connecticut. As of the 2010 census, the population was 118,428,^[1] making it the least populous county in Connecticut. It forms the core of the region known as the Quiet Corner.

Windham County is included in the Worcester, MA-CT Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Boston-Worcester-Providence, MA-RI-NH-CT Combined Statistical Area.

The entire county is within the Quinebaug and Shetucket Rivers Valley National Heritage Corridor, as designated by the National Park Service.

History[]

The area that is now Windham County became of interest to the English around 1635, but went unsettled for over fifty years due to its lack of access to the shore. John Winthrop took a strong interest to this land, purchased land from the Narragansetts, and was given permission by the court of Connecticut to settle in October 1671. In 1678, a tract of land, called Joshua's Tract (Joshua was the son of Mohegan chief Uncas), was willed to Connecticut officials, and in February 1682, it was gifted to Samuel and Daniel Mason. In 1684, 1200 acres of land was sold to Jonathan Curtis, Thomas Dudley and Samuel Mason, among others, by the Nipmunks.^[2]

Windham County was created from Hartford and New London counties on May 12, 1726 by an act of the Connecticut General Court. The act establishing the county states:

That the west bounds of the town of Lebanon, the north

bounds of Coventry, the north bounds of Mansfield till it

meet with the southwest bounds of Ashford, the west bounds

of Ashford, the east bounds of Stafford, the Massachusetts

line on the north, and Rhode Island line on the east, the north

bounds of Preston, and north bounds of Norwich, containing

the towns of Windham, Lebanon, Plainfield, Canterbury,

Mansfield, Coventry, Pomfret, Killingly, Ashford, Voluntown

and Mortlake, shall be one entire county, and called by the

name of County of Windham.^[3]

In May 1749, the town of Woodstock, formerly New Roxbury, Worcester County Massachusetts, was unilaterally annexed by Connecticut and assigned to Windham County. In 1785, the town of Union (incorporated in 1734) was transferred to the newly formed Tolland County. Over the next century, Windham County would lose several towns to Tolland and New London counties: Coventry to Tolland in 1786, Lebanon to New London in 1824, Columbia and Mansfield to Tolland in 1827, and Voluntown to New London in 1881. New towns were formed over the years using land from the original towns of the county: Thompson in 1785, Brooklyn and Hampton in 1786, Sterling in 1794, Chaplin in 1822, Eastford in 1847, Putnam in 1855, and Scotland in 1857. The final boundary adjustment occurred on April 7, 1885, when the boundary dispute between the towns of Windham and Mansfield was resolved.^[4]

Geography[]

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 521 square miles (1,350 km²), of which 513 square miles (1,330 km²) is land and 8.5 square miles (22 km²) (1.6%) is water.^[5]

The highest point in Windham County is Snow Hill in Ashford at 1,210 feet.

Adjacent counties[]

• Worcester County, Massachusetts (north)
• Providence County, Rhode Island (east)
• Kent County, Rhode Island (southeast)
• New London County (south)
• Tolland County (west)

Government[]

County level government in the state of Connecticut was abolished in 1960. All government affairs and services are administered by either the state or local municipality.

The office of county high sheriff was abolished by constitutional referendum in 2000. All former functions of the county sheriff's office are now carried out by the state marshals service. The last high sheriff (or official for that matter) of Windham County was Thomas W. White, who left office in 2000 due to the discontinuation of the county sheriff's departments in Connecticut.

Transportation[]

Roads[]

Major highways through Windham County include Interstate 395, which runs north–south from the New London County line at Plainfield to the Massachusetts state line at Thompson. The southern part of I-395 is part of the Connecticut Turnpike, which branches off the interstate in Killingly and runs east–west from I-395 exit 35, to U.S. Route 6 at the Rhode Island state line.

Other north–south routes include Route 12, which parallels I-395 through many local communities, Route 169, a National Scenic Byway traveling through rural communities from the New London County line in Canterbury to the Massachusetts state line in Woodstock. Other secondary north–south roads are Routes 89, 198, 97, 21, and 49.

Major east–west routes are U.S. Route 44 from the Tolland County line at Ashford to the Rhode Island state line at Putnam, and U.S. Route 6 from the Tolland County line at Windham to the Rhode Island state line at Killingly. U.S. Route 6 has short expressway segments in Windham and Killingly. Other secondary east–west roads are Routes 14, 101, 171, and 197.

Air[]

Windham Airport is the primary airport for the county, located 3 miles from Willimantic. Other smaller airports include and Danielson Airport.

Biking[]

There are many bike paths in the county. The major two trails are the Air Line State Park Trail and the Hop River State Park Trail, both these trails enter the county through Windham. The Hop River Trail ends at the Air Line Trail shortly after entering the county, while the Air Line Trail continues all the way into Putnam. Another section of the Air Line Trail is in Thompson, which continues to the border with Massachusetts which it counties as the Southern New England Trunkline Trail. Another shorter trail is the Moosup Valley State Park Trail that starts in Plainfield and continues down into the state border with Rhode Island which it continues as Washington Secondary Rail Trail. Smaller trails include the and the .

Law enforcement[]

The primary law enforcement agency most Windham County towns is the Connecticut State Police, primarily Troop D based in Danielson which serves Brooklyn, Canterbury, Chaplin, Eastford, Hampton, Killingly, Pomfret, Putnam (outside the SSD), Scotland, Sterling, Thompson, Woodstock and I-395 between exit 28 and the MA border. Troop C, based in Tolland, covers the town of Ashford, and Troop K, based in Colchester, covers the town of Windham.

Only three municipalities in the county (the town of Plainfield, the Willimantic Special Services District, and the Putnam Special Services District), have their own local police departments that serve as the primary law enforcement in those areas. Eastern Connecticut State University located in Willimantic also has its own local police department (established under Connecticut General Statutes Sec. 10a-142) which serves as the primary law enforcement agency for the university campus even though they are located within the Willimantic Special Services District.

The Windham County Sheriff's Department was disbanded in 2000 and their former duties are now carried out by the Connecticut State Marshals Service.

Most towns in the county have local Constables that carry out some municipal legal and security functions.

Demographics[]

Historical population
Census	Pop.		%±
1790	28,881		—
1800	28,222		−2.3%
1810	28,611		1.4%
1820	31,684		10.7%
1830	27,082		−14.5%
1840	28,080		3.7%
1850	31,081		10.7%
1860	34,747		11.8%
1870	38,518		10.9%
1880	43,856		13.9%
1890	45,158		3.0%
1900	46,861		3.8%
1910	48,361		3.2%
1920	52,815		9.2%
1930	54,086		2.4%
1940	56,223		4.0%
1950	61,759		9.8%
1960	68,572		11.0%
1970	84,515		23.3%
1980	92,312		9.2%
1990	102,525		11.1%
2000	109,091		6.4%
2010	118,428		8.6%
2020	116,782		−1.4%
U.S. Decennial Census[6] 1790-1960[7] 1900-1990[8] 1990-2000[9] 2010-2018[1]

As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 118,428 people, 44,810 households, and 30,343 families residing in the county.^[10] The population density was 230.9 inhabitants per square mile (89.2/km²). There were 49,073 housing units at an average density of 95.7 per square mile (36.9/km²).^[11] The racial makeup of the county was 89.6% white, 2.2% black or African American, 1.2% Asian, 0.5% American Indian, 4.2% from other races, and 2.3% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 9.6% of the population.^[10] In terms of ancestry, 18.8% were Irish, 13.5% were English, 11.7% were French Canadian, 11.5% were Italian, 10.2% were German, 9.3% were Polish, and 2.9% were American.^[12]

Of the 44,810 households, 32.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.0% were married couples living together, 12.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 32.3% were non-families, and 24.6% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 3.01. The median age was 39.2 years.^[10]

The median income for a household in the county was $59,370 and the median income for a family was $69,642. Males had a median income of $48,880 versus $36,873 for females. The per capita income for the county was $26,457. About 8.7% of families and 11.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.0% of those under age 18 and 7.7% of those age 65 or over.^[13]

Demographics breakdown by town[]

Data is from the 2010 United States Census and the 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates.^[14][15]

Rank	Town		Per capita income	Median household income	Median family income	Population	Number of households
1	Eastford	Town	$36,784	$76,786	$93,295	1,749	690
2	Woodstock	Town	$36,342	$74,000	$88,737	7,964	3,151
3	Hampton	Town	$34,642	$79,943	$84,079	1,863	747
4	Pomfret	Town	$33,910	$68,278	$82,917	4,247	1,582
5	Ashford	Town	$32,842	$69,407	$79,157	4,317	1,716
6	Chaplin	Town	$32,188	$62,679	$72,426	2,305	920
7	Canterbury	Town	$30,453	$70,902	$84,093	5,132	1,934
8	Scotland	Town	$29,371	$75,417	$79,722	1,726	637
9	Thompson	Town	$27,222	$60,951	$74,613	9,458	3,730
10	Putnam	Town	$26,506	$51,180	$61,168	9,584	3,950
11	Sterling	Town	$25,557	$64,500	$74,405	3,830	1,383
12	Killingly	Town	$25,215	$53,192	$65,496	17,370	6,749
13	Brooklyn	Town	$25,124	$68,851	$76,224	8,210	2,989
14	Plainfield	Town	$24,825	$61,500	$69,096	15,405	5,726
15	Danielson	Borough	$22,798	$55,097	$56,831	4,051	1,627
16	Windham	Town	$20,272	$40,063	$48,145	25,268	8,906

Politics[]

Windham County had trended Democratic at the presidential level over the last quarter century, until it voted for Donald Trump in 2016. It backed Trump again in 2020 by a larger percentage, but by a slightly smaller margin due to vote splitting by third parties in 2016.

Communities[]

Boroughs are incorporated portions of one or more towns with separate borough councils, zoning boards, and borough officials. Villages are named localities, but have no separate corporate existence from the towns they are in.

See also[]

• National Register of Historic Places listings in Windham County, Connecticut

References[]

External links[]

• Windham County Sheriff's Department
• National Register of Historic Places listing for Windham Co., Connecticut

Coordinates: 41°50′N 71°59′W / 41.83°N 71.99°W / 41.83; -71.99