World Marathon Majors

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World Marathon Majors
Abbott World Marathon Majors logo blue.svg
SportMarathon running
Founded2006
No. of teamsindividual sport
Official websitewww.worldmarathonmajors.com

The World Marathon Majors (WMM) (known for sponsorship reasons as the Abbott World Marathon Majors) is a championship-style competition for marathon runners that started in 2006. A points-based competition founded on six major marathon races recognised as the most high-profile on the calendar, the series comprises annual races for the cities of Tokyo, Boston, London, Berlin, Chicago and New York. In addition, each edition of the series recognises and includes the results of the major global championship marathon held in that year, usually on a one-off lapped course. These races are the biennial World Athletics Championships Marathon, and the quadrennial Olympic Games Marathon.[1]

History[]

Each World Marathon Majors series originally spanned two full calendar years; the second year of a series overlapped with the first year of the next. Starting in 2015, each series began with a defined city race and ended with the following race in the same city. So, series IX started in February 2015 at the 2015 Tokyo Marathon and ended there in February 2016 at the 2016 Tokyo Marathon. Series X started at the 2016 Boston Marathon and finished at the 2017 Boston Marathon. Series XI started at the 2017 London Marathon and finished at the 2018 London Marathon.

It began being sponsored by Abbott Laboratories in 2015.[2] On April 26, 2017, Dalian Wanda Group Co., Ltd., one of the leading Chinese private conglomerates, announced a ten-year strategic partnership aimed at the continued growth and development of marathon events worldwide.

Beginning with Series X at the 2016 Boston Marathon, wheelchair competitions were added for men and women.

At the end of each of the first 10 WMM series the leading man and woman each won $500,000, making a total prize of one million U.S. dollars. Beginning with Series XI, the prize structure was revised so that for men and women first place became $250,000, second place $50,000 and third place $25,000. In the wheelchair division the prize money for men and women is $50,000 (first), $25,000 (second) and $10,000 (third).

Scoring system[]

Athletes who competed in the marathons originally received points for finishing in any of the top five places (1st place: 25 points; 2nd place: 15 points; 3rd place: 10 points; 4th place: 5 points; 5th place: 1 point). Their four highest ranks over the two-year period were counted; if an athlete scored points in more than this number, the athlete's four best races were scored. To be eligible for the jackpot, an athlete had to compete in at least one qualifying race in each calendar year of the series.

In 2015, the scoring was revised (1st place: 25 points; 2nd place: 16 points; 3rd place: 9 points; 4th place: 4 points; 5th place: 1 point). The two highest ranks during the scoring period would be counted, with only the best two if more than that number.

For the first three series if there were equal top scores at the end of the competition the tiebreakers were head-to-head competition and, if necessary, a majority vote of the five WMM race directors. This happened in the 2007–08 women's competition.

Beginning in 2009–10 season, following best head-to-head record, the following tie-breakers were implemented, in descending order: the person who achieved his or her points in the fewest races, the person who won the most qualifying races during the period, the person with the fastest average time in their scoring races, and a majority vote of the six-race directors. If the final circumstance is necessary, the race directors could award the title jointly.

Major marathons by year[]

The following marathons have been part of the series in each year:

Year Japan Tokyo United States Boston United Kingdom London Germany Berlin United States Chicago United States New York IAAF World Champs Olympic rings Olympics
2006 Not held 17 April 23 April 24 September 22 October 5 November Not held Not held
2007 Wasn't part of WMM 16 April 22 April 30 September 7 October 4 November 25 Aug / 2 Sep (Osaka) Not held
2008 Wasn't part of WMM 21 April 13 April 28 September 12 October 2 November Not held 24 Aug / 17 Aug (Beijing)
2009 Wasn't part of WMM 20 April 26 April 20 September 11 October 1 November 22 Aug / 23 Aug (Berlin) Not held
2010 Wasn't part of WMM 19 April 25 April 26 September 10 October 7 November Not held Not held
2011 Wasn't part of WMM 18 April 17 April 25 September 9 October 6 November 4 Sep / 27 Aug (Daegu) Not held
2012 Wasn't part of WMM 16 April 22 April 30 September 7 October Cancelled[a] Not held 12 Aug / 5 Aug (London)
2013 24 February 15 April 21 April 29 September 13 October 3 November 17 Aug / 10 Aug (Moscow) Not held
2014 23 February 21 April 13 April 28 September 12 October 2 November Not held Not held
2015 22 February 20 April 26 April 27 September 11 October 1 November 22 Aug / 30 Aug (Beijing) Not held
2016 28 February 18 April 24 April 25 September 9 October 6 November Not held 21 Aug / 14 Aug (Rio de Janeiro)
2017 28 February 17 April 23 April 24 September 8 October 5 November 6 Aug / 6 Aug (London) Not held
2018 25 February 16 April 22 April 16 September 7 October 4 November Not held Not held
2019 3 March 15 April 28 April 29 September 13 October 3 November 6 Oct / 28 Sep (Doha) Not held
2020 1 March Cancelled[b] 4 October[c] Cancelled[d] Cancelled[e] Cancelled[f] Not held Rescheduled[g]
2021 Rescheduled[h] 11 October[i] 3 October[j] 26 September 10 October 7 November Rescheduled 7 Aug / 8 Aug (Sapporo)[g]
2022 Cancelled[k] 18 April 2 October 17 July / 18 July (Eugene) Not held

Major marathons champions[]

Men's[]

Year Tokyo Boston London Berlin Chicago New York World (WCh) or Olympic (OG)
2006 Not held Kenya Robert Kipkoech Cheruiyot (1/4) Kenya Felix Limo Ethiopia Haile Gebrselassie (1/4) Kenya Robert Kipkoech Cheruiyot (2/4) Brazil Marilson Gomes dos Santos (1/2) N/A
2007 Was not part of WMM Kenya Robert Kipkoech Cheruiyot (3/4) Kenya Martin Lel (1/3) Ethiopia Haile Gebrselassie (2/4) Kenya Patrick Ivuti Kenya Martin Lel (2/3) Kenya Luke Kibet (Osaka) WCh
2008 Was not part of WMM Kenya Robert Kipkoech Cheruiyot (4/4) Kenya Martin Lel (3/3) Ethiopia Haile Gebrselassie (3/4) Kenya Evans Cheruiyot Brazil Marilson Gomes dos Santos (2/2) Kenya Samuel Wanjiru (Beijing) OG (1/4)
2009 Was not part of WMM Ethiopia Deriba Merga Kenya Samuel Wanjiru (2/4) Ethiopia Haile Gebrselassie (4/4) Kenya Samuel Wanjiru (3/4) United States Meb Keflezighi (1/2) Kenya Abel Kirui (Berlin) WCh (1/2)
2010 Was not part of WMM Kenya Robert Kiprono Cheruiyot Ethiopia Tsegaye Kebede (1/3) Kenya Patrick Musyoki (1/2) Kenya Samuel Wanjiru (4/4) Ethiopia Gebregziabher Gebremariam N/A
2011 Was not part of WMM Kenya Geoffrey Mutai (1/4) Kenya Emmanuel Mutai Kenya Patrick Musyoki (2/2) Kenya Moses Mosop Kenya Geoffrey Mutai (2/4) Kenya Abel Kirui (Daegu) WCh (2/2)
2012 Was not part of WMM Kenya Wesley Korir Kenya Wilson Kipsang (1/5) Kenya Geoffrey Mutai (3/4) Ethiopia Tsegaye Kebede (2/3) Cancelled due to Hurricane Sandy Uganda Stephen Kiprotich (London) OG (1/2)
2013 Kenya Dennis Kimetto (1/3) Ethiopia Lelisa Desisa (1/4) Ethiopia Tsegaye Kebede (3/3) Kenya Wilson Kipsang (2/5) Kenya Dennis Kimetto (2/3) Kenya Geoffrey Mutai (4/4) Uganda Stephen Kiprotich (Moscow) WCh (2/2)
2014 Kenya Dickson Chumba (1/3) United States Meb Keflezighi (2/2) Kenya Wilson Kipsang (3/5) Kenya Dennis Kimetto (3/3) Kenya Eliud Kipchoge (1/10) Kenya Wilson Kipsang (4/5) N/A
2015 Ethiopia Endeshaw Negesse Ethiopia Lelisa Desisa (2/4) Kenya Eliud Kipchoge (2/10) Kenya Eliud Kipchoge (3/10) Kenya Dickson Chumba (2/3) Kenya Stanley Biwott Eritrea Ghirmay Ghebreslassie (Beijing) WCh
2016 Ethiopia Feyisa Lilesa Ethiopia Lemi Berhanu Hayle Kenya Eliud Kipchoge (4/10) Ethiopia Kenenisa Bekele (1/2) Kenya Abel Kirui Eritrea Ghirmay Ghebreslassie Kenya Eliud Kipchoge (Rio de Janeiro) OG (5/10)
2017 Kenya Wilson Kipsang (5/5) Kenya Geoffrey Kirui (1/2) Kenya Daniel Wanjiru Kenya Eliud Kipchoge (6/10) United States Galen Rupp Kenya Geoffrey Kamworor Kenya Geoffrey Kirui (London) WCh (2/2)
2018 Kenya Dickson Chumba (3/3) Japan Yuki Kawauchi Kenya Eliud Kipchoge (7/10) Kenya Eliud Kipchoge (8/10) United Kingdom Mo Farah Ethiopia Lelisa Desisa (3/4) N/A
2019 Ethiopia Birhanu Legese (1/2) Kenya Lawrence Cherono (1/2) Kenya Eliud Kipchoge (9/10) Ethiopia Kenenisa Bekele (2/2) Kenya Lawrence Cherono (2/2) Kenya Geoffrey Kamworor Ethiopia Lelisa Desisa (Doha) WCh (4/4)
2020 Ethiopia Birhanu Legese (2/2) Cancelled (COVID-19 pandemic) Ethiopia Shura Kitata Cancelled (COVID-19 pandemic) Rescheduled[g]
2021 Kenya Benson Kipruto Ethiopia Sisay Lemma Ethiopia Guye Adola Ethiopia Seifu Tura Kenya Albert Korir Kenya Eliud Kipchoge (Sapporo) OG (10/10)

Women's[]

Year Tokyo Marathon Boston Marathon London Marathon Berlin Marathon Chicago Marathon New York City Marathon World (WCh) or Olympic (OG)
2006 Not held Kenya Rita Jeptoo (1/3) United States Deena Kastor Ethiopia Gete Wami (1/2) Ethiopia Berhane Adere (1/2) Latvia Jelena Prokopcuka N/A
2007 Was not part of WMM Russia Lidiya Grigoryeva (1/2) China Zhou Chunxiu Ethiopia Gete Wami (2/2) Ethiopia Berhane Adere (2/2) United Kingdom Paula Radcliffe (1/2) Kenya Catherine Ndereba (Osaka) WCh
2008 Was not part of WMM Ethiopia Dire Tune Germany Irina Mikitenko (1/4) Germany Irina Mikitenko (2/4) Russia Lidiya Grigoryeva (2/2) United Kingdom Paula Radcliffe (2/2) Romania Constantina Tomescu (Beijing) OG
2009 Was not part of WMM Kenya Salina Kosgei Germany Irina Mikitenko (3/4) Ethiopia Atsede Habtamu Germany Irina Mikitenko (4/4) Ethiopia Derartu Tulu China Bai Xue (Berlin) WCh
2010 Was not part of WMM Ethiopia Teyba Erkesso Ethiopia Aselefech Mergia Ethiopia Aberu Kebede (1/4) Ethiopia Atsede Baysa (1/3) Kenya Edna Kiplagat (1/5) N/A
2011 Was not part of WMM Kenya Caroline Kilel Kenya Mary Keitany (1/7) Kenya Florence Kiplagat (1/4) Ethiopia Ejegayehu Dibaba Ethiopia Firehiwot Dado Kenya Edna Kiplagat (Daegu) WCh (2/5)
2012 Was not part of WMM Kenya Sharon Cherop Kenya Mary Keitany (2/7) Ethiopia Aberu Kebede (2/4) Ethiopia Atsede Baysa (2/3) Cancelled due to Hurricane Sandy Ethiopia Tiki Gelana (London) OG
2013 Ethiopia Aberu Kebede (3/4) Kenya Rita Jeptoo (2/3) Kenya Priscah Jeptoo (1/2) Kenya Florence Kiplagat (2/4) Kenya Rita Jeptoo (3/3) Kenya Priscah Jeptoo (2/2) Kenya Edna Kiplagat (Moscow) WCh (3/5)
2014 Ethiopia Tirfi Tsegaye (1/2) Ethiopia Bizunesh Deba Kenya Edna Kiplagat (4/5) Ethiopia Tirfi Tsegaye (2/2) Ethiopia Mare Dibaba (1/2) Kenya Mary Keitany (3/7) N/A
2015 Ethiopia Birhane Dibaba (1/2) Kenya Caroline Rotich Ethiopia Tigist Tufa Kenya Gladys Cherono (1/3) Kenya Florence Kiplagat (3/4) Kenya Mary Keitany (4/7) Ethiopia Mare Dibaba (Beijing) WCh (2/2)
2016 Kenya Helah Kiprop Ethiopia Atsede Baysa (3/3) Kenya Jemima Sumgong Ethiopia Aberu Kebede (4/4) Kenya Florence Kiplagat (4/4) Kenya Mary Keitany (5/7) Kenya Jemima Sumgong (Rio de Janeiro) OG
2017 Kenya Sarah Chepchirchir Kenya Edna Kiplagat (5/5) Kenya Mary Keitany (6/7) Kenya Gladys Cherono (2/2) Ethiopia Tirunesh Dibaba United States Shalane Flanagan Bahrain Rose Chelimo (London) WCh
2018 Ethiopia Birhane Dibaba (2/2) United States Desiree Linden Kenya Vivian Cheruiyot Kenya Gladys Cherono (3/3) Kenya Brigid Kosgei (1/4) Kenya Mary Keitany (7/7) N/A
2019 Ethiopia Ruti Aga Ethiopia Worknesh Degefa Kenya Brigid Kosgei (2/4) Ethiopia Ashete Bekere Kenya Brigid Kosgei (3/4) Kenya Joyciline Jepkosgei (1/2) Kenya Ruth Chepngetich (Doha) WCh (1/2)
2020 Israel Lonah Chemtai Salpeter Cancelled (COVID-19 pandemic) Kenya Brigid Kosgei (4/4) Cancelled (COVID-19 pandemic) Rescheduled[g]
2021 Kenya Diana Kipyogei Kenya Joyciline Jepkosgei (2/2) Ethiopia Gotytom Gebreslase Kenya Ruth Chepngetich (2/2) Kenya Peres Jepchirchir (2/2) Kenya Peres Jepchirchir (Sapporo) OG (1/2)

Men's wheelchair[]

Year Tokyo Marathon Boston Marathon London Marathon Berlin Marathon Chicago Marathon New York City Marathon
2016 Was not part of WMM Switzerland Marcel Hug Switzerland Marcel Hug Switzerland Marcel Hug Switzerland Marcel Hug Switzerland Marcel Hug
2017 Japan Sho Watanabe Switzerland Marcel Hug United Kingdom David Weir Switzerland Marcel Hug Switzerland Marcel Hug Switzerland Marcel Hug
2018 Japan Hiroyuki Yamamoto Switzerland Marcel Hug United Kingdom David Weir Canada Brent Lakatos United States Daniel Romanchuk United States Daniel Romanchuk
2019 Switzerland Marcel Hug United States Daniel Romanchuk United States Daniel Romanchuk Switzerland Marcel Hug United States Daniel Romanchuk United States Daniel Romanchuk
2020 Japan Tomoki Suzuki Cancelled (COVID-19 pandemic) Canada Brent Lakatos Cancelled (COVID-19 pandemic)
2021 Switzerland Marcel Hug Switzerland Marcel Hug Switzerland Marcel Hug United States Daniel Romanchuk Switzerland Marcel Hug

Women's wheelchair[]

Year Tokyo Marathon Boston Marathon London Marathon Berlin Marathon Chicago Marathon New York City Marathon
2016 Was not part of WMM United States Tatyana McFadden United States Tatyana McFadden Switzerland Manuela Schär United States Tatyana McFadden United States Tatyana McFadden
2017 United States Amanda McGrory Switzerland Manuela Schär Switzerland Manuela Schär Switzerland Manuela Schär United States Tatyana McFadden Switzerland Manuela Schär
2018 Switzerland Manuela Schär United States Tatyana McFadden Australia Madison de Rozario Switzerland Manuela Schär Switzerland Manuela Schär Switzerland Manuela Schär
2019 Switzerland Manuela Schär Switzerland Manuela Schär Switzerland Manuela Schär Switzerland Manuela Schär Switzerland Manuela Schär Switzerland Manuela Schär
2020 Japan Tsubasa Kina Cancelled (COVID-19 pandemic) Netherlands Nikita den Boer Cancelled (COVID-19 pandemic)
2021 Switzerland Manuela Schär Switzerland Manuela Schär Switzerland Manuela Schär United States Tatyana McFadden Australia Madison de Rozario

Winners by season[]

The winners by season listed below.[14]

Men's series winners[]

Season No. Start event Final event Winner Country Points Notes Ref
2006–07 I 2006 Boston 2007 New York City Robert Kipkoech Cheruiyot  Kenya 80 pts [15]
2007–08 II 2007 Boston 2008 New York City Martin Lel  Kenya 76 pts [16]
2008–09 III 2008 Boston 2009 New York City Samuel Wanjiru  Kenya 80 pts [17]
2009–10 IV 2009 Boston 2010 New York City Samuel Wanjiru (2)  Kenya 75 pts [17]
2010–11 V 2010 Boston 2011 New York City Emmanuel Mutai  Kenya 70 pts [18]
2011–12 VI 2011 Boston 2012 Chicago Geoffrey Mutai  Kenya 75 pts [18]
2012–13 VII 2012 Boston 2013 New York City Tsegaye Kebede  Ethiopia 75 pts [19]
2013–14 VIII 2013 Tokyo 2014 New York City Wilson Kipsang  Kenya 76 pts [20]
2015–16 IX 2015 Tokyo 2016 Tokyo Eliud Kipchoge  Kenya 50 pts [14]
2016–17 X 2016 Boston 2017 Boston Eliud Kipchoge (2)  Kenya 50 pts [14]
2017–18 XI 2017 London 2018 London Eliud Kipchoge (3)  Kenya 50 pts [21]
2018–19 XII 2018 Berlin 2019 Berlin Eliud Kipchoge (4)  Kenya 50 pts
2019–21 XIII 2019 Chicago 2021 New York City

Women's series winners[]

Season No. Start event Final event Winner Country Points Notes Ref
2006–07 I 2006 Boston 2007 New York City Gete Wami  Ethiopia 80 pts
2007–08 II 2007 Boston 2008 New York City Irina Mikitenko  Germany 65 pts Tied with Gete Wami; but deemed winner by race directors' vote [16]
2008–09 III 2008 Boston 2009 New York City Irina Mikitenko (2)  Germany 90 pts [16]
2009–10 IV 2009 Boston 2010 New York City Irina Mikitenko (3)  Germany 55 pts [16]
2010–11 V 2010 Boston 2011 New York City Edna Kiplagat  Kenya 60 pts Awarded after a doping case against original winner (see notes) [22]
2011–12 VI 2011 Boston 2012 Chicago Mary Keitany  Kenya 65 pts [18]
2012–13 VII 2012 Boston 2013 New York City Priscah Jeptoo  Kenya 75 pts [19]
2013–14 VIII 2013 Tokyo 2014 New York City Edna Kiplagat (2)  Kenya 65 pts Awarded after a doping case against original winner (see notes) [14]
2015–16 IX 2015 Tokyo 2016 Tokyo Mary Keitany (2)  Kenya 41 pts Tied with Mare Dibaba & Helah Kiprop; winner by race directors' vote [14]
2016–17 X 2016 Boston 2017 Boston Edna Kiplagat (3)  Kenya 41 pts Awarded after a doping case against original winner (see notes) [14]
2017–18 XI 2017 London 2018 London Mary Keitany (3)  Kenya 41 pts Winner due to better head-to-head record versus Tirunesh Dibaba [21]
2018–19 XII 2018 Berlin 2019 Berlin Brigid Kosgei  Kenya 50 pts
2019–21 XIII 2019 Chicago 2021 New York City
Notes
  • Liliya Shobukhova (Russia) was the original winner in 2009–10 and 2010–11 (series IV and V), but she was disqualified from competition for a doping violation in April 2014 and all her results from 9 October 2009 have been annulled.[14][23]
  • Rita Jeptoo (Kenya) won four races in the 2013–14 series but gave positive A and B samples in an out-of-competition test in September 2014. Her standings and the final results of the 2013–14 series have been determined at the completion of the due legal process and the outcome of an appeal. As a result, the Series VIII title has been awarded to Edna Kiplagat.[14]
  • Edna Kiplagat (Kenya) was crowned women's Series X champion of the 2016–17 season following the doping investigation and legal process against Jemima Sumgong (Kenya), who won two races in 2016 but gave a positive sample in an out-of-competition test in February 2017.[14]

Wheelchair series winners[]

Beginning with Series X at the 2016 Boston Marathon wheelchair competitions were added for men and women.[14]

Majors milestones[]

  • Most victories – 10, Eliud Kipchoge (men); 7, Mary Keitany (women)
  • Most scoring races – 13, Tsegaye Kebede, Wilson Kipsang (men); 14, Edna Kiplagat, Mary Keitany (women)
  • Most lifetime scoring points – 265, Eliud Kipchoge (men); 234, Mary Keitany (women)
  • Youngest winner – 20 years 281 days, Ghirmay Ghebreslassie (men); 20 years, 253 days, Xue Bai (women)
  • Youngest point scorer – 18 years 302 days, Tsegaye Mekonnen (men); 19 years 233 days, (women)
  • Oldest winner – 38 years 350 days, Meb Keflezighi (men); 38 years 207 days, Constantina Diță (women)
  • Oldest point scorer – 41 years 4 days, Ruggero Pertile (men); 41 years 99 days, Krista DuChene (women)
  • Nation, most winners – 52, Kenya (men); 35, Kenya (women)

Six star finishers[]

Six star finishers are marathoners who have completed all 6 of the World Marathon Majors. In 2016 following the Tokyo Marathon a Six Star Finisher Medal was introduced[24] In July 2018 a "Reach for the Stars" campaign was launched wherein a runner could claim a star for each WMM race completed. The system allows runners to create a profile, search for their ‘stars’ and add them to their page.[25]

Following the WMM Series XI in April 2018, the verified total of Six Star Finishers was 3,786.

See also[]

  • World Athletics Label Road Races
  • List of marathon races
  • List of final standings of the World Marathon Majors

Notes[]

  1. ^ The 2012 New York Marathon was originally scheduled for 4 November, but cancelled due to Hurricane Sandy.[3]
  2. ^ The 2020 Boston Marathon was originally scheduled for 20 April, then postponed to 14 September and later cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[4]
  3. ^ Postponed from 26 April due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
  4. ^ The 2020 Berlin Marathon was originally scheduled for 27 September, but cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany to prevent large gatherings.[5]
  5. ^ The 2020 Chicago Marathon was originally scheduled for 11 October, but was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[6]
  6. ^ The 2020 New York City Marathon was originally scheduled for 1 November, but was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[7]
  7. ^ a b c d Postponed from 2 and 9 August due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[8]
  8. ^ Initially postponed to 17 October 2021 from March due to the COVID-19 pandemic,[9] and only Japanese runners could compete,[10] and later postponed to 2022.
  9. ^ Postponed from April due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[11]
  10. ^ Postponed from April due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[12]
  11. ^ Will not take place, due to 2021 race being postponed.[13]

References[]

  1. ^ How It Works. World Marathon Majors. Retrieved on 2011-11-07.
  2. ^ "ABBOTT CELEBRATES THE POWER OF HEALTH AND ACHIEVEMENT AS FIRST-EVER TITLE SPONSOR OF WORLD MARATHON MAJORS". World Marathon Majors. Retrieved 10 November 2015.
  3. ^ Belson, Ken (2 November 2012). "After Days of Pressure, Marathon Is Off". New York Times. Retrieved 15 April 2014.
  4. ^ Waller, John. "The 2020 Boston Marathon has been canceled". Boston.com. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  5. ^ Futterman, Matthew (21 April 2020). "Berlin Marathon Is Canceled as Germany Extends Ban on Large Events". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 April 2020.
  6. ^ Horng, Eric (13 July 2020). "Chicago Marathon 2020 cancelled due to COVID-19, refunds offered by organisers". WLS-TV. Archived from the original on 14 July 2020. Retrieved 14 July 2020.
  7. ^ "2020 TCS New York City Marathon, Scheduled for November 1, Is Canceled Due to Coronavirus-Related Health and Safety Concerns".
  8. ^ "IOC, IPC, TOKYO 2020 ORGANISING COMMITTEE AND TOKYO METROPOLITAN GOVERNMENT ANNOUNCE NEW DATES FOR THE OLYMPIC AND PARALYMPIC GAMES TOKYO 2020". International Olympic Committee. 30 March 2020. Retrieved 22 April 2020.
  9. ^ "Tokyo marathon 2021 postponed until after Olympics due to COVID-19 concerns". Reuters. 9 October 2020. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
  10. ^ "International runners won't be able to compete in the Tokyo Marathon this year". Runner's World. 18 June 2021. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
  11. ^ "2021 Boston Marathon postponed at least until the fall". Associated Press. 28 October 2020. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
  12. ^ "London Marathon: 2020 edition to be elite-only race, with mass event cancelled". BBC Sport. Archived from the original on 4 October 2020. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
  13. ^ "Tokyo Marathon 2021 Postponed". Tokyo Marathon. Tokyo Marathon Foundation. 17 September 2021. Retrieved 11 October 2021. Due to postponement of the 2021 event, the 2022 event will not take place.
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Previous Champions".
  15. ^ Ekstrom, Sharon. "UP CLOSE & PERSONAL --". Marathon Guide. Retrieved 16 April 2014.
  16. ^ a b c d Musumba, Chris. "Wanjiru on course to win World Marathon Majors". The East African. Retrieved 16 April 2014.
  17. ^ a b Larkin, Duncan (2010-11-09). "Wanjiru and Shobukhova Win World Marathon Majors". Competitor. Retrieved 16 April 2014.
  18. ^ a b c Komen, Jonathan (15 April 2014). "Hunt on for WMM cash: Kenya dominate quest for Marathon Majors jackpot". The Standard. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
  19. ^ a b Lotsbom, Chris (2013-11-03). "Man Among Boys Geoffrey Mutai Wins 2013 ING NYC Marathon, Kebede Wins $500,000 World Marathon Majors Title". Letsrun.com. Retrieved 16 April 2014.
  20. ^ "Wilson Kipsang Wins 2013-2014 World Marathon Majors Series Title". World Marathon Majors. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help)
  21. ^ a b "Leaderboards".
  22. ^ "World Marathon Majors statement". Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-08-06.
  23. ^ "Liliya Shobukhova to be stripped of World Marathon Majors titles". 2015-08-06.
  24. ^ http://running.competitor.com/2016/02/news/the-crown-jewel-of-race-medals-world-marathon-majors-debuts-six-star-finisher-medal_146296
  25. ^ "Runners invited to #ReachForTheStars".

External links[]

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