Xenopeltis unicolor

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Xenopeltis unicolor
Sunbeam Snake (Xenopeltis unicolor) (7121228691).jpg

Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification edit
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Suborder: Serpentes
Family: Xenopeltidae
Genus: Xenopeltis
Species:
X. unicolor
Binomial name
Xenopeltis unicolor
Reinwardt, 1827
Synonyms[1]
  • Col[uber]. alvearius
    F. Boie, 1826
  • [Xenopeltis] unicolor
    Reinwardt In F. Boie, 1827
  • [Xenopeltis] concolor
    Reinwardt In F. Boie, 1827
  • Xenopeltis leucocephala
    Reinwardt In F. Boie, 1827
  • Tortrix xenopeltis
    Schlegel, 1837
  • Xenopeltis unicolor
    — Cantor, 1847
  • X[enopeltis]. leucocephalus
    — Jan & Sordelli, 1865
  • Xenopeltis unicolor
    — Boulenger, 1893
Common names: sunbeam snake.[2]

Xenopeltis unicolor is a non-venomous sunbeam snake species found in Southeast Asia and some regions of Indonesia. This is a primitive snake known for both its highly iridescent scales and its ability to reproduce quickly, as it is oviparous and as such can lay up to 10 eggs at a time. No subspecies are currently recognized.[3]

Description[]

This closeup clearly shows the characteristic iridescent highly polished scales.

Grows to an average of about 1 m (3 ft 3 in). A fossorial species, the head is wedge-shaped and narrow with little neck delineation, which makes it easy to push through the soil. Its most defining characteristic is its iridescent, highly polished scales that give this snake its common name. They have a layer of dark pigmentation just below the surface on each scale that enhances the iridescence. The youngs look very similar to the adults, except that they have a strong white "collar" of scales evident just below the head. This coloration fades within the first year. They contain two cone opsins allowing for the potential of dichromatic color vision.[4]
This is a primitive form of snake with both boid and python characteristics; which family it belongs to is still a matter of debate.

Geographic range[]

Found in China (Guangdong and Yunnan), Myanmar, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, West Malaysia, Penang Island, Singapore Island, East Malaysia (Sarawak), Indonesia (the Riau Archipelago, Bangka, Billiton, Sumatra, We, Simalur, Nias, the Mentawai Islands [Siberut], Borneo, Java and Sulawesi) and the Philippines (Balabac, Bongao, Jolo and Palawan). The type locality given is "Java".[1]

Habitat[]

Tends to live in open areas such as forest clearings, gardens and parks. Often encountered in rice paddies.

Behavior[]

These snake are constrictors, killing their prey by suffocation in their muscular coils. They are fossorial and spend most of their time below ground. They may bite readily if handled roughly, but mostly just try to escape if picked up. They are also observed to vibrate their tails in a rattlesnake-like fashion when they feel threatened.

Feeding[]

The diet is varied, consisting primarily of frogs, reptiles, including other snakes, and small mammals.

Reproduction[]

Oviparous, with females laying up to 10 eggs at a time.

References[]

  1. ^ a b , Campbell JA, Touré T. 1999. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1. Washington, District of Columbia: Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).
  2. ^ Mehrtens JM. 1987. Living Snakes of the World in Color. New York: Sterling Publishers. 480 pp. ISBN 0-8069-6460-X.
  3. ^ "Xenopeltis unicolor ". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 1 September 2007.
  4. ^ Davies, Wayne L.; Cowing, Jill A.; Bowmaker, James K.; Carvalho, Livia S.; Gower, David J.; Hunt, David M. (10 June 2009). "Shedding Light on Serpent Sight: The Visual Pigments of Henophidian Snakes". Journal of Neuroscience. pp. 7519–7525. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0517-09.2009.

External links[]

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