Ziliujing Formation
| Ziliujing Formation Stratigraphic range: Toarcian, | |
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| Type | Geological formation |
| Sub-units | Dongyuemiao Member, Maanshan Member, Daanzhai Member |
| Underlies | Xintiangou Formation |
| Overlies | Zhenzhuchong Formation |
| Thickness | Dongyuemiao M. 5 to 11.2 metres (20 to 40 ft), Maanshan M. 131 to 180 metres (430 to 590 ft) Daanzhai M. 18 to 45.2 metres (60 to 150 ft) |
| Lithology | |
| Primary | Mudstone |
| Other | Sandstone |
| Location | |
| Country |  China |
| Extent | Sichuan Basin |
| Type section | |
| Named for | Ziliujing District |
The Ziliujing Formation is a geological formation in China, It is Early Jurassic in age. It is part of the stratigraphy of the Sichuan Basin. The dinosaur Gongxianosaurus and indeterminate theropod material are known from the Dongyuemiao Member of the formation, as well as dinosaur footprints, Zizhongosaurus and indeterminate prosauropods from the Da'anzhai Member.[1] The basal sauropod Sanpasaurus is known from the Maanshan Member.[2] An unnamed stegosaur and the pliosauroid plesiosaur Sinopliosaurus are also known from this formation but they were found an indeterminate member.[2] An unnamed teleosaurid known from a complete skull has also been found in the formation, pending a formal description.[3] The deposition environment during the Da'anzhai Member in the lower Toarcian is thought to have been that of a giant freshwater lake encompassing the whole of the Sichuan basin, around 3 times larger than Lake Superior, coeval with the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event around 183 Ma.[4]
Paleofauna[]
Color key
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Notes Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; |
Bivalves[]
| Genus | Species | Location | Section | Material | Notes | Images |
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Isolated Shells |
A freshwater mussel, considered a member of the family Unionidae inside Unionida. Ecological indicator of shallow zone of the big fresh-water lake under a hot climate |
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Isolated Shells |
A freshwater mussel, member of the family Unionidae inside Unionida. |
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Isolated Shells |
A freshwater mussel, member of the family Unionidae inside Unionida. |
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Isolated Shells |
A freshwater mussel, member of the family Unionidae inside Unionida. |
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Isolated Shells |
A freshwater mussel, member of the family Unionidae inside Unionida. |
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Isolated Shells |
A freshwater mussel, member of the family Unionidae inside Unionida. |
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Isolated Shells |
A freshwater mussel, member of the family Margaritiferidae inside Unionida. |
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Isolated Shells |
A freshwater mussel, member of the family Mytilidae inside Mytiloida. |
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Isolated Shells |
A freshwater clam, member of the family inside Trigoniida. |
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Isolated Shells |
A freshwater clam, member of the family inside Trigoniida. |
Fish[]
| Genus | Species | Location | Section | Material | Notes | Images |
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Bony Fish, considered a member of the family Semionotidae. The only major Bony fish recovered in this unit, with resembalnce with coeval european species. Unlike that ones, the local Lepidotes lived in Freshwater settings. |
Sarcopterygii[]
| Genus | Species | Location | Material | Section | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Ceratodus szechuanensis |
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A freshwater Lungfish, type member of the Ceratodontidae inside Ceratodontiformes. Lungfish related with late jurassic genera of the same region |
 Ceratodus reconstruction |
Plesiosaurs[]
| Genus | Species | Location | Section | Material | Notes | Images |
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A Plesiosaur, considered a member of the family Rhomaleosauridae. An unusual freshwater plesiosaur linked to the large Sichuan Lake system developed locally.[9] |
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A Plesiosaur, considered a member of the family Pliosauridae. Likely an invalid genus of freshwater pliosaur |
Testudinata[]
| Genus | Species | Location | Section | Material | Notes | Images |
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Turtle Remains of uncertain affinity. The only major turtle remains recovered in this unit. This along some undescribed shell fragments from the Lower Jurassic of Sichuan appear to represent the first documented occurrence of the fossil Testudines in China |
Crocodrylomorphs[]
| Genus | Species | Location | Section | Material | Notes | Images |
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Teleosaurinae[3] |
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An Teleosaur, considered a member of the family Teleosaurinae. An unusual freshwater Teleosauroid, previously referred Peipehsuchus teleorhinus.[11] |
 Skull of the Ziliujing teleosaurid |
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Teleosaurus? sp. |
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An Teleosaur, considered a member of the family Teleosaurinae. |
Dinosaurs[]
| Genus | Species | Location | Section | Material | Notes | Images |
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Liujianpus shunan |
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Footprints |
Sauropodomorph Footprints, with features seen in the ichnogenus Otozum, as well in th sauropod ichnogenus Brontopodus. This ichogenus dominated all the track assamblages where is found, with a presence of up the 97%.[14] |
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A Sauropodomorph, probably a member of the family Massospondylidae. One of the youngest non-sauropod sauropodomorphs discovered worldwide, represents it´s own faunal section. |
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A Sauropod, that can represent a late surviving basal member of the group. Gongxianosaurus has some features of both sauropods and sauropodomorphs, it may be regarded as an intermediate type in the evolution between both groups. |
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"Yibinosaurus"[18] |
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An Invalid genus of Sauropod of uncertain affinities. "Yibinosaurus" is from the same locality as Gongxianosaurus, and Gongxianosaurus sp. nov. may be the "Yibinosaurus" material |
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A Sauropod, with uncertain affinities inside the group. Originally interpreted it as the remains of an ornithopod ornithischian.[19] |
 Sanpasaurus material | |
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A Sauropod, referred to the family Vulcanodontidae or . It builts it´s own faunal section, yet is considered by some authors as a nomen dubium. |
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A Sauropod, referred to the family . Likely not Shunosaurus. It was described on the Zigong Museum Guide |
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Brontopodus isp. |
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Footprints |
Sauropod Footprints, with resembalnce with Mamenchisauridae pes. Associated Brontopodus-like trackway with Liujianpus indicates that small and large sauropodomorphs may have co-existed. |
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Cetiosauridae Indet. |
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An Eusauropod, related with the family Cetiosauridae, likely the oldest referred specimen to this family |
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Mamenchisauridae Indet. |
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An Eusauropod, related with the family Mamenchisauridae, likely the oldest referred specimen to this family (Unless Tonganosaurus is a Mamenchisaur) |
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Footprints |
Theropod Footprints of Uncertain affinity. The Grallator relationships of this tracks are solid, as they don´t display features of other ichnogenera found in the early jurassic of the same region. Includes some of the smallest Grallator (and avian theropod) tracks ever described in literature.[25] |
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Footprints |
Theropod Footprints of Uncertain affinity, probably related to theropods such as Dilophosaurus |
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Indeterminate remains of theropods, very common along Gongxianosaurus fossils. |
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Indeterminate remains of theropods, assigend to relatives of the genus Coelurus, yet likely represnt other kind of theropods |
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Indeterminate remains of possible Ornithischians. |
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Indeterminate remains of possible Thyrephorans. "Gen. indet. imperfectus" reresents a large possible Ornithischian or a sauropod that was originally asigned to Sanpasaurus |
Flora[]
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
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Yangtze Gorges area |
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Affinities with Equisetaceae inside Equisetales. Based on analogies with morphologically similar extant Equisetum species, it is interpreted to represent a plant of consistently moist habitats, such as marshes, lake margins or forest understorey, developed normally dense thickets. |
 Example of Equisetites specimen | |
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Yangtze Gorges area |
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Affinities with Matoniaceae inside Gleicheniales. |
 Example of Phlebopteris specimen | |
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Yangtze Gorges area |
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Affinities with Dipteridaceae inside Polypodiales. Dictyophyllum is a common Dipteridacean genus of the mid-Mesozoic. Here is indicator of Toarcian age for the sedimnets |
 nilssonii specimen | |
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Yangtze Gorges area |
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Affinities with Dipteridaceae inside Polypodiales. |
 Example of meniscioides specimen | |
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Yangtze Gorges area |
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Affinities with Schizaeaceae inside Schizaeales. Grass Ferns |
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Yangtze Gorges area |
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Affinities with Schizaeaceae inside Schizaeales. Grass Ferns |
 Example of exilis specimen | |
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Yangtze Gorges area |
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Affinities with Dicksoniaceae inside Cyatheales. Common cosmopolitan Mesozoic Tree fern genus. |
 Coniopteris specimen | |
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Yangtze Gorges area |
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Affinities with Osmundaceae inside Osmundales. Lower vegetation members |
 Cladophlebis nebbensis specimen | |
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Yangtze Gorges area |
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Affinities with Williamsoniaceae inside Bennettitales. Insufficient and incomplete material prevents certain allocation to that species. |
 Otozamites specimen | |
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Yangtze Gorges area |
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Affinities with the Bennettitales inside . Anomozamites is characterised by slender, (almost) completely and regularly segmented leaves whose leaflets are generally as long as broad or, at maximum, two times as long as broad. This genus is related with more arboreal Bennetitalean flora. Shows coriaceous leaves and is a genus linked more with dry climates. |
 specimen | |
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Yangtze Gorges area |
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Affinities with Cycadales inside Cycadopsida. |
 specimen |
References[]
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- ^ a b Johnson, Michela M.; Young, Mark T.; Brusatte, Stephen L. (2020). "The phylogenetics of Teleosauroidea (Crocodylomorpha, Thalattosuchia) and implications for their ecology and evolution". PeerJ. 8: e9808. doi:10.7717/peerj.9808. PMC 7548081. PMID 33083104.
- ^ Xu, Weimu; Ruhl, Micha; Jenkyns, Hugh C.; Hesselbo, Stephen P.; Riding, James B.; Selby, David; Naafs, B. David A.; Weijers, Johan W. H.; Pancost, Richard D.; Tegelaar, Erik W.; Idiz, Erdem F. (February 2017). "Carbon sequestration in an expanded lake system during the Toarcian oceanic anoxic event". Nature Geoscience. 10 (2): 129–134. Bibcode:2017NatGe..10..129X. doi:10.1038/ngeo2871. ISSN 1752-0894.
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- ^ Li, J. (1993). "A new specimen of Peipehsuchus teleorhinus from Ziliujing Formation of Daxian, Sichuan". Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 31 (3): 85–94.
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- Jurassic System of Asia
- Jurassic China
- Toarcian Stage