100s BC (decade)
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Map of the world in 100 BC.
This article concerns the period 109 BC – 100 BC.
Events[]
109 BC
By place[]
Asia[]
- Han campaigns against Dian: Emperor Wu of Han launches a new campaign against the Dian Kingdom and establishes the Yizhou commandery in Yunnan during the dynasty's expansion southward.
Roman Republic[]
- A Roman army under Marcus Junius Silanus is defeated by the Cimbri and Teutones near the river Rhône.
108 BC[]
By place[]
Roman Republic[]
- Roman forces under Quintus Caecilius Metellus Numidicus defeat the forces of Jugurtha of Numidia at the Battle of the Muthul, with Gaius Marius as a subordinate.
Asia[]
- The Korean kingdom of Wiman Joseon falls, and Chinese Emperor Wu of Han establishes the Lelang Commandery in northern Korea.
- December – The Han Dynasty Chinese under commander Zhao Ponu are victorious in the Battle of Loulan in the Tarim Basin, resulting in the submission of Dayuan and the Wusun in Central Asia.
107 BC[]
By place[]
Crimea[]
- The uprising of against Mithridates VI in the Bosporan Kingdom.
Roman Republic[]
- Gaius Marius, having enacted the Marian reforms of the Roman army, arrives in North Africa to lead the war against Jugurtha, with a young quaestor named Lucius Cornelius Sulla as a subordinate.
106 BC[]
By place[]
Roman Republic[]
- The Romans under Quintus Servilius Caepio seize the Gold of Tolosa while recapturing the Volcae town.
Anatolia[]
- and Mithridates VI of Pontus share their dominion over Paphlagonia.
Asia[]
105 BC[]
By place[]
Roman Republic[]
- January 1[note 1] – Gnaeus Mallius Maximus and Publius Rutilius Rufus become Roman consuls.[1]
- October 6 – The Battle of Arausio, where the Cimbri destroy two Roman armies on the Rhône, is the most severe defeat of Roman forces since the Battle of Cannae.
- Gaius Marius, together with the consul Publius Rutilius Rufus, initiates sweeping reforms of the Roman army.
- Lucius Cornelius Sulla secures the capture of Jugurtha. His success is made possible by the treachery of Bocchus I, king of Mauretania, and this ends the Jugurthine War (which has begun in 112 BC).
- At Rome, the first official gladiator match is demonstrated by gladiators from Capua, as part of a training program for the military.
104 BC[]
By place[]
Roman Republic[]
- Rome enacts a state of emergency, as the way to Italy lays open to the Germanic invaders. Gaius Marius, the conqueror of Jugurtha, is elected consul for the second time. He celebrates his triumph over Jugurtha, who is led in the procession and thrown into the Tullianum where he dies of starvation.
- Second Servile War: starts a slave rebellion in Segesta (Sicily).
Judea[]
- Aristobulus I succeeds John Hyrcanus, becoming king and high priest of Judea, until 103 BC.
Asia[]
- Emperor Wu of Han maintains large armies of occupation and burdens the Chinese economy. Landowners expand their holdings, but farmers are forced to borrow at usurious rates and pay 50 percent of their crops as rent. Homelessness and banditry increases, and agricultural productivity declines.
- Sima Qian starts writing his Shiji.
103 BC[]
By place[]
Roman Republic[]
- Gaius Marius prepares a campaign against the Ambrones and Teutones (under king Teutobod) who are settled in Gaul.
- Tryphon and Athenion lead the Second Servile War in Sicily.
Judea[]
- Alexander Jannaeus succeeds his brother Aristobulus I as king and high priest of Judea, until 76 BC.
102 BC[]
By place[]
Roman Republic[]
- Gaius Marius defeats the Sciri and Teutones at Aix-en-Provence (or Battle of Aquae Sextae).
- The Cimbri defeat the Consul Quintus Lutatius Catulus in the Adige Valley.
Asia[]
- The Chinese under Emperor Wu of Han besiege and capture Kokand of Dayuan in the Hellenistic Ferghana Valley, during a 2 year war with the Yuezhi.
101 BC[]
By place[]
Roman Republic[]
- July 30 – Battle of Vercellae (Battle of the Raudine Plain or Battle of Campi Raudii): The Roman consuls Gaius Marius and Manius Aquillius defeat the Cimbri.
Libya[]
- Ptolemy Apion inherits the kingdom of Cyrenaica.
100 BC[]
By place[]
Roman Republic[]
- Consuls: Lucius Valerius Flaccus, Gaius Marius (Marius's sixth consulship).
- Manius Aquillius celebrates an ovation for victories in the Second Servile War.
- Lucius Appuleius Saturninus, a tribune, passes a law to redistribute land to military veterans. The law requires that all senators swear to abide by it. Quintus Caecilus Metellus Numidicus refuses and is exiled. He goes to Rhodes to study philosophy.
- Late summer–autumn: Saturninus stands for tribune again for the following year, and is elected. His associate, the praetor Gaius Servilius Glaucia, attempts to stand for the consulship (illegally, as praetors cannot immediately become consul). A rival candidate, Gaius Memmius, is found murdered by agents of Saturninus and Glaucia, who are declared public enemies by the Senate. The Senate issues the senatus consultum ultimum, and Marius, as consul, defeats his former ally in battle in the Forum. Saturninus and his followers surrender on condition that their lives are spared, but they are stoned to death with roof tiles in the Curia Hostilia by renegade senators.
- The building of the Sanctuary of Fortuna Primigenia, Palestrina, Italy, is begun. The model of it is now kept at the Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Italy (approximate date).
Asia Minor[]
- Tigranes II of Armenia is placed on the Armenian throne by the Parthians in exchange for the cession of "seventy valleys". (approximate date)
Judea[]
- The deuterocanonical books of 1 and 2 Maccabees are written.
Middle East[]
Asia[]
- Peasants revolt under Emperor Wu of Han. The Great Wall is extended out into the Gobi Desert, and sections of the wall are detached with signalling towers.
- Gandhara and Punjab are ruled by the Indo-Greek king Demetrius III Aniketos.
- A History of China is written by Sima Qian (approximate date).
America[]
Births[]
108 BC
- Lucius Sergius Catilina, Roman politician (d. 62 BC)
106 BC
- January 3 – Cicero, Roman politician and author (d. 43 BC)
- September 29 – Pompey the Great, Roman general and politician (d. 48 BC)
- Servius Sulpicius Rufus, Roman politician (d. 43 BC)
105 BC
- Decimus Laberius, Roman nobleman and Latin writer (d. 43 BC)
- Tiberius Claudius Nero, Roman politician and general
- Marcus Atius Balbus, Roman praetor and governor (d. 51 BC)
104 BC
- Julia, mother of Mark Antony
- Servilia, mistress of Julius Caesar
103 BC
- Marcus Furius Bibaculus, Roman poet
102 BC
- Quintus Tullius Cicero, Roman general and statesman (d. 43 BC)
100 BC
- Julius Caesar, Roman general and politician (d. 44 BC)[2][3]
- Titus Labienus, Caesar's chief lieutenant in the conquest of Gaul (d. 45 BC)
Deaths[]
109 BC
- Paerisades V, king of the Bosporan Kingdom (approximate date)
- Sames II Theosebes Dikaios, king of Commagene (Cappadocia)
108 BC
- Marcus Livius Drusus (the Elder), Roman consul
- Ugeo of Gojoseon, king of Wiman Joseon (Korea)
106 BC
- Wei Qing, Chinese general of the Han Dynasty
105 BC
- Marcus Aurelius Scaurus, Roman politician and general, executed as a prisoner of war in the advent of the Battle of Arausio
104 BC
- Dong Zhongshu, Chinese scholar who promoted Confucianism at the central court of the Han Dynasty (b. 179 BC)
- Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus, Roman consul and general
- John Hyrcanus, prince and high priest of Judea (b. 164 BC)
- Jugurtha, king of Numidia (execution by Rome) (b. c. 169 BC)
103 BC
- Aristobulus I, king of Judea.
- Gaius Lucilius, Roman satirist
- Khallata Naga of Anuradhapura, king of the Anuradhapura Kingdom
101 BC
- Boiorix, king of the Cimbri (killed at the Battle of Vercellae)
- Cleopatra III, queen of the Ptolemaic Kingdom (assassinated by her son Ptolemy X Alexander I)
100 BC
- Cornelia, mother of Tiberius Gracchus (b. c. 190 BC)
- Gaius Memmius, Roman politician
- Gaius Servilius Glaucia, Roman politician
- Lucius Appuleius Saturninus, Roman politician
- Salvius Tryphon, Rebel slave
- Theodosius of Bithynia, Greek astronomer and mathematician (b. c. 169 BC)
Notes[]
- ^ October 2 in the Julian calendar.
References[]
- ^ Clément, François (1820). L'Art de vérifier les dates des faits historiques, des inscriptions, des chroniques et autres anciens monumens, avant l'ère chrétienne (in French). Moreau. p. 737.
- ^ "Julius Caesar Biography". Biography.com. September 4, 2019. Retrieved October 17, 2020.
- ^ There is some dispute over the year of Caesar's birth. Some scholars have made a case for 101 or 102 BC as the year of his birth, based on the dates that he held certain magistracies, but scholarly consensus favors 100 BC. Similarly, some scholars prefer 12 July for the day of his birth, but others give 13 July. Goldsworthy, p. 30, Ward, Heichelheim, & Yeo p. 194. For a source arguing for 12 July, see Badian in Griffin (ed.) p.16
Categories:
- 100s BC