130s BC
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This article concerns the period 139 BC – 130 BC.
Events[]
139 BC
By place[]
China[]
- Emperor Wu of Han sends an envoy into Bactria, Parthia and Ferghana.
Roman Republic[]
- The Lusitanian War ends when the rebellion collapses after the assassination of Viriathus by a Roman agent.
- The Achaean League is reestablished.
By topic[]
Astronomy[]
- Hipparchus makes a very precise determination of the length of the synodic month.
138 BC[]
By place[]
Asia Minor[]
- Attalus III succeeds Attalus II as Attalid king of Pergamon
Egypt[]
- revolts.
Syria[]
- Antiochus VII expels Diodotus Tryphon.
- Tryphon sacks Beirut
Parthia[]
- Phraates II becomes emperor of Parthia.
China[]
- Zhang Qian begins his explorations in central Asia for Chinese emperor Han Wu Di.
- The first Chinese diplomatic mission to the Fergana valley, led by Chang Chien, is sent.
- Han dynasty China intervenes in a war between the Minyue and Eastern Ou during its expansion southward.
Europe[]
By topic[]
Arts and sciences[]
- Hymn to Apollo is written and inscribed on stone in Delphi; it is the earliest surviving notated music, in a substantial and legible fragment, in the western world.
137 BC[]
By place[]
Roman Republic[]
- Tiberius Gracchus, quaestor in Spain, observes that slave labor has displaced small freeheld farms.
- Numantine War begins, Quintus Pompeius and are defeated and disgraced by the Numantians in subsequent years.
- Q. Pompeius is brought to trial by Q.Metellus and others, but acquitted.
136 BC[]
By place[]
China[]
- Confucianism is adopted as the state religion in China by the emperor Wu Di.
Greece[]
- Carneades retires as head of the Platonic Academy and is replaced by Polemarchus of Nicomedia.
Judaea[]
- Simon Thassi defeats an invasion by the Seleucid general Kendebaios.
Rome[]
- Censorship of Appius Claudius Pulcher and Quintus Fulvius Nobilior
Spain[]
- The Romans hand Gaius Hostilius Mancinus over to the Numantians in order to repudiate his peace treaty with them.
135 BC[]
By place[]
Asia[]
- Han Dynasty China intervenes in a war between the Minyue and Nanyue during its expansion southward.
- A Han military campaign against the Dian Kingdom establishes a military commandery in the Yunnan region.
Bactria[]
- Menander I, king of the Indo-Greek Kingdom dies and is succeeded by Epander.
Roman Republic[]
- The First Servile War starts in Sicily.[1]
- Servius Fulvius Flaccus defeats an uprising of the Ardiaei in Illyria.[2]
- Marcus Cosconius defeats the Scordisci in Thrace.[3][4][5]
134 BC[]
By place[]
Roman Republic[]
- Scipio Aemilianus, victor of Carthage, takes command in Spain against the Numantians. He recruits 20,000 men and 40,000 allies, including Numidian cavalry under Jugurtha. Scipio, an expert in sieges, builds a ring of seven forts and a ditch palisade before beginning the Siege of Numantia. The perimeter of the circumvallations is twice as long as that of the city. The river Durius (Douro), enables the defenders to be supplied by small boats.
- Caius Fulvius Flaccus, as consul, is sent against the slaves. Uprising of 4,000 slaves crushed at Sinuessa, in Campania.[citation needed] Slave uprisings repressed in Attic silver mines and on the island of Delos.
Judea[]
- John Hyrcanus becomes high priest and prince (ruler) of Judea, until 104 BC, following the murder of his father Simon Maccabaeus by Ptolemy the son of Abubus in 135 BC.
By topic[]
Astronomy[]
- Hipparchus discovers the precession of the equinoxes.
- Hipparchus creates a star catalogue.
133 BC[]
By place[]
Roman Republic[]
- Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi, as consul, is sent against the slaves in Italy. Gaius Marius serves under Publius Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus at Numantia.
- Scipio Aemilianus captures Numantia,[6] after a siege of eight months, suffering famine and pestilence. The remnant population of 4,000 citizens, surrender and set their city on fire. Thus ends the Numantine War.
- Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, is elected tribune of the people. He attempts to pass a law to redistribute the public land to benefit small landowners. Opposed by wealthier factions in the Roman Senate, he is killed by a group of Senators and their followers that same year.
- The Kingdom of Pergamum is deeded to Rome, Aristonicus starts a rebellion against this.
China[]
- June – A large army of the Han Dynasty, under commanders such as Li Guang, attempts to ambush the Xiongnu leader in the Battle of Mayi. The plot fails, and the battle is determined a draw.
132 BC[]
By place[]
Roman Republic[]
- The First Servile War ends when Publius Rupilius quelled the rebellion.
- The assassination of Tiberius Gracchus, which many historians mark as the beginning of the end of the Roman Republic.
Mexico[]
- The Late Formative (or pre-Classic) period of the Maya civilization begins.[7]
131 BC[]
By place[]
Roman Republic[]
- Aristonicus of Pergamon leads an uprising against Rome, and consul is killed in the fighting.
- The Roman censor Quintus Caecilius Metellus Macedonicus attempts to remove the tribune from the Senate, the angry Atinius drags him to be thrown off the Tarpeian Rock, and Metellus is only saved by the intervention of other senators.
- The tribune Gaius Papirius Carbo passes a measure allowing the use of secret ballots in legislative assemblies.
- For the first time in Roman history, both censors are plebeians (Metellus and Quintus Pompeius).
- First Acta Diurna appears in Rome around this time.
130 BC[]
By place[]
Roman Republic[]
- Consul Marcus Perperna defeats Aristonicus in battle, besieges him at Stratonicea, dies at Pergamon.[8]
- Roman census carried out by Quintus Pompeius and Quintus Caecilius Metellus Macedonicus.[9]
Egypt[]
- King Ptolemy VIII murders Ptolemy Memphites, the puppet ruler of Cleopatra II.[10]
Births[]
138 BC
- Lucius Cornelius Sulla, Roman general and statesman (d. 78 BC)[11]
- Phaedrus the Epicurean, Greek scholar and philosopher
135 BC
- Mithridates VI, king of Pontus (d. 63 BC)[12][13][14][15]
- Pompeius Strabo, Roman consul and father of Pompeius Magnus (d. 87 BC)
- Posidonius of Apamea, Greek Stoic philosopher and scientist (d. 51 BC)
- Sima Qian, Chinese historian of the Han Dynasty (approximate date)
134 BC
- Jin Midi, Chinese politician and co-regent (d. 86 BC)
- Posidonius of Apamea, Stoic philosopher and polymath (d. 51 BC)
- Publius Servilius Vatia Isauricus, Roman statesman (d. 44 BC)
132 BC
- Mithridates VI, king of Pontus (d. 63 BC)
130 BC
- Publius Servilius Vatia Isauricus, Roman consul (approximate date)
- Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius, Roman consul and general (d. 63 BC) (approximate date)
Deaths[]
139 BC
- Viriathus, Lusitanian leader (assassinated)
138 BC
- Attalus II Philadelphus, king of Pergamon (b. 220 BC)
- Diodotus Tryphon, king of the Seleucid Empire
- Mithridates I, king of Parthia (b. c. 195 BC)
137 BC
135 BC
- Menander I, king of the Indo-Greek Kingdom
- Simon Maccabaeus, prince of Judea and High Priest of Judea[18]
134 BC
- Simon Thassi, High Priest of Judaea (r. 142-134 BC)
133 BC
- Attalus III, king of Pergamon. In his will, he makes the people of Rome his heirs (b. 170 BC)[19][20][21]
- Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus the Roman tribune (assassination) (b. 168 BC)
132 BC
- Eunus, leader of the Slave Revolt (136–132 BC) in Sicily
- Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica Serapio, Roman consul
- Tiberius Gracchus, Roman tribune (assassinated by senators) (b. 168 BC)
130 BC
- Appius Claudius Pulcher, Roman consul
- Ariarathes V, king of Cappadocia
- Marcus Perperna, Roman consul
- Pacuvius, Roman tragic poet (b. c. 220 BC)
- Ptolemaeus of Commagene, Seleucid satrap
References[]
- ^ "World History 200- 100 BC". Retrieved 28 June 2010.
- ^ Smith, William (1870). Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. 2. Boston, Little. p. 155.
- ^ T. Corey Brennan, The praetorship in the Roman Republic (2000) p. 229
- ^ Papazoglu 1978, p. 286
- ^ Livy (2007). Rome's Mediterranean Empire: Books 41-45 and the Periochae. Oxford University Press. pp. 268. ISBN 978-0-19-160539-0.
- ^ Davis, Paul (2001). Besieged: An Encyclopedia of Great Sieges from Ancient Times to the Present. ABC-CLIO. p. 29.
- ^ "132 BC". Farlex. Archived from the original on February 24, 2012.
- ^ Cambridge Ancient History VII p. 380.
- ^ Cambridge Ancient History IX p. 780.
- ^ Cambridge Ancient History IX p. 313.
- ^ Marvin Perry et al., eds. Western Civilization: Ideas, Politics, and Society (Cengage Learning, 2008) p135
- ^ Mayor, Adrienne: "The Poison King: The Life and Legend of Mithradates, Rome's Deadliest Enemy" Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009, ISBN 978-0-691-12683-8
- ^ Duggan, Alfred: He Died Old: Mithradates Eupator, King of Pontus, 1958
- ^ Ford, Michael Curtis: The Last King: Rome's Greatest Enemy, New York, Thomas Dunne Books, 2004, ISBN 0-312-27539-0
- ^ McGing, B.C.: The Foreign Policy of Mithridates VI Eupator, King of Pontus (Mnemosyne, Supplements: 89), Leiden, Brill Academic Publishers, 1986, ISBN 90-04-07591-7 [paperback]
- ^ Paranavitana, Senarat; Nicholas, Cyril Wace (1961). A Concise History of Ceylon. Colombo: Ceylon University Press. p. 59. OCLC 465385.
- ^ de Silva, C.R.: Sri Lanka - A History. 2nd edition, New Delhi 1997. ISBN 81-259-0461-1. p.29f.
- ^ Catholic Bible resources
- ^ Hansen, Esther V. (1971). The Attalids of Pergamon. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press; London: Cornell University Press Ltd. ISBN 0-8014-0615-3.
- ^ Kosmetatou, Elizabeth (2003) "The Attalids of Pergamon," in Andrew Erskine, ed., A Companion to the Hellenistic World. Oxford: Blackwell: pp. 159–174. ISBN 1-4051-3278-7. text
- ^ Simon Hornblower and Tony Spawforth, Who's Who (Classical World), pg. 61.
Bibliography[]
- Papazoglu, Fanula (1978). The Central Balkan Tribes in pre-Roman Times: Triballi, Autariatae, Dardanians, Scordisci and Moesians. Amsterdam: Hakkert.
Categories:
- 130s BC