1961 in spaceflight (July–December)
This is a list of spaceflights launched between July and December 1961. For launches between January and June, see 1961 in spaceflight (January–June). For an overview of the whole year, see 1961 in spaceflight.
Launches[]
Date and time (UTC) | Rocket | Flight number | Launch site | LSP | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Payload (⚀ = CubeSat) |
Operator | Orbit | Function | Decay (UTC) | Outcome | ||
Remarks | |||||||
July[] | |||||||
1 July 02:00 |
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US Army | Suborbital | Missile test | 1 July | Successful | |||
Apogee: 250 kilometres (160 mi) | |||||||
4 July 04:00 |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 4 July | Successful | |||
Apogee: 1,350 kilometres (840 mi) | |||||||
4 July 20:20 |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 4 July | Successful | |||
Apogee: 1,350 kilometres (840 mi) | |||||||
7 July 04:51 |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Missile test | 7 July | Successful | |||
Apogee: 1,500 kilometres (930 mi) | |||||||
7 July 23:29:48 |
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US Air Force | Low Earth | Optical imaging | 5 December | Successful | ||
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US Air Force | Low Earth | Film return | 10 July | Successful | ||
12 July 10:25:06 |
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NASA | Low Earth | Weather | In orbit | Successful | ||
Deactivated on 28 February 1962 | |||||||
12 July 15:11 |
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US Air Force | Low Earth | Missile defence | In orbit | Successful | ||
Maiden flight of Atlas LV-3A Agena-B | |||||||
13 July 22:07 |
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NASA | Suborbital | Aeronomy | 13 July | Successful | |||
Apogee: 119 kilometres (74 mi) | |||||||
13 July | ![]() |
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US Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 13 July | Successful | |||
Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) | |||||||
14 July 02:57 |
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New Hampshire | Suborbital | Magnetospheric | 14 July | Successful | |||
Apogee: 196 kilometres (122 mi) | |||||||
14 July 15:00 |
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New Hampshire | Suborbital | Magnetospheric | 14 July | Successful | |||
Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi) | |||||||
14 July 16:02 |
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NASA | Suborbital | Aeronomy | 14 July | Successful | |||
Apogee: 101 kilometres (63 mi) | |||||||
19 July | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Target | 19 July | Successful | |||
Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi) | |||||||
19 July | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Target | 19 July | Successful | |||
Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi) | |||||||
20 July 02:00 |
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US Army | Suborbital | Missile test | 20 July | Successful | |||
Apogee: 250 kilometres (160 mi) | |||||||
20 July 10:30 |
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NASA | Suborbital | Aeronomy | 20 July | Successful | |||
Apogee: 124 kilometres (77 mi) | |||||||
20 July 13:12 |
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New Hampshire | Suborbital | Magnetospheric | 20 July | Successful | |||
Apogee: 193 kilometres (120 mi) | |||||||
21 July 02:00 |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Missile test | 21 July | Successful | |||
Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) | |||||||
21 July 02:42 |
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ISAS | Suborbital | Aeronomy Ionospheric |
21 July | Successful | |||
Apogee: 158 kilometres (98 mi) | |||||||
21 July 12:20 |
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NASA | Suborbital | Manned flight | 21 July | Partial spacecraft failure | ||
Carried Gus Grissom, apogee: 189 kilometres (117 mi), capsule sank during recovery operations after landing following inadvertent opening of escape hatch, final flight of the Mercury-Redstone programme | |||||||
21 July 22:35 |
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US Air Force | Intended: Low Earth | Optical imaging | 8 June | Launch failure | ||
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US Air Force | Intended: Low Earth | Film return | ||||
Destroyed by range safety during ascent | |||||||
22 July | ![]() |
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MVS | Suborbital | Missile test | 22 July | Successful | |||
Apogee: 402 kilometres (250 mi) | |||||||
22 July | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 22 July | Launch failure | |||
25 July 19:05 |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Missile test | 25 July | Successful | |||
Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) | |||||||
25 July | ![]() |
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MVS | Suborbital | Missile test | 25 July | Successful | |||
Apogee: 402 kilometres (250 mi) | |||||||
25 July | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 25 July | Successful | |||
Apogee: 1,160 kilometres (720 mi) | |||||||
26 July 19:22 |
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Michigan | Suborbital | Aeronomy | 26 July | Successful | |||
Apogee: 143 kilometres (89 mi) | |||||||
26 July | ![]() |
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US Army | Suborbital | Missile test | 26 July | Successful | |||
Apogee: 150 kilometres (93 mi) | |||||||
27 July 11:45 |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Aeronomy | 27 July | Launch failure | |||
Apogee: 75 kilometres (47 mi) | |||||||
27 July 11:45 |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Aeronomy | 27 July | Launch failure | |||
Apogee: 75 kilometres (47 mi) | |||||||
27 July 15:09 |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Missile test | 27 July | Successful | |||
Apogee: 1,300 kilometres (810 mi) | |||||||
27 July | ![]() |
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MVS | Suborbital | Missile test | 27 July | Successful | |||
Apogee: 402 kilometres (250 mi) | |||||||
30 July | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 30 July | Successful | |||
Apogee: 1,160 kilometres (720 mi) | |||||||
31 July 21:32 |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Missile test | 31 July | Successful | |||
Apogee: 1,500 kilometres (930 mi) | |||||||
August[] | |||||||
1 August 11:02 |
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UCL | Suborbital | UV Astronomy | 1 August | Successful | |||
Apogee: 124 kilometres (77 mi) | |||||||
1 August 20:18 |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Geodesy | 1 August | Launch failure | |||
Apogee: 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) | |||||||
2 August | ![]() |
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US Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 2 August | Successful | |||
Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) | |||||||
3 August | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 3 August | Launch failure | |||
4 August 00:01 |
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US Air Force | Intended: Low Earth | Optical imaging | 4 August | Launch failure | ||
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US Air Force | Intended: Low Earth | Film return | ||||
Second stage control system malfunctioned, final KH-2 launch[1] | |||||||
4 August | ![]() |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Missile test | 4 August | Successful | |||
Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) | |||||||
5 August 00:19 |
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US Army | Suborbital | Missile test | 5 August | Successful | |||
Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi) | |||||||
6 August 06:00 |
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RVSN | Low Earth | Test flight | 7 August 07:18 |
Successful | ||
Manned flight carrying cosmonaut Gherman Titov. Equipment module did not fully separate until reentry was underway. Titov ejected from spacecraft following reentry due to predicted hard landing and landed separately. | |||||||
9 August 04:31 |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Missile test | 9 August | Successful | |||
Apogee: 1,400 kilometres (870 mi), maiden flight of Atlas F | |||||||
9 August | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 9 August | Successful | |||
Apogee: 1,210 kilometres (750 mi) | |||||||
10 August | ![]() |
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US Army | Suborbital | Missile test | 10 August | Launch failure | |||
Apogee: 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) | |||||||
11 August 14:30 |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Ionospheric | 11 August | Successful | |||
Apogee: 114 kilometres (71 mi) | |||||||
11 August | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Target | 11 August | Successful | |||
Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi) | |||||||
11 August | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Target | 11 August | Successful | |||
Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi) | |||||||
12 August 10:57 |
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NASA | Suborbital | Technology | 12 August | Successful | |||
Apogee: 153 kilometres (95 mi) | |||||||
12 August | ![]() |
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US Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 12 August | Successful | |||
Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi) | |||||||
12 August | ![]() |
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US Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 12 August | Successful | |||
Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi) | |||||||
12 August | ![]() |
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US Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 12 August | Successful | |||
Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi) | |||||||
12 August | ![]() |
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US Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 12 August | Successful | |||
Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi) | |||||||
12 August | ![]() |
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US Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 12 August | Successful | |||
Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi) | |||||||
12 August | ![]() |
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US Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 12 August | Successful | |||
Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi) | |||||||
13 August | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 13 August | Launch failure | |||
15 August 17:21 |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Solar | 15 August | Successful | |||
Apogee: 271 kilometres (168 mi) | |||||||
15 August | ![]() |
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MVS | Suborbital | Missile test | 15 August | Successful | |||
Apogee: 402 kilometres (250 mi) | |||||||
16 August 03:21:05 |
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NASA | Highly elliptical | Magnetospheric | 31 August 1963 | Successful | ||
Last signal received on 6 December | |||||||
16 August 20:27 |
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NASA | Suborbital | Test flight | 16 August | Successful | |||
Apogee: 182 kilometres (113 mi) | |||||||
17 August 14:29 |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Magnetospheric | 17 August | Successful | |||
Apogee: 225,000 kilometres (140,000 mi) | |||||||
17 August | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Target | 17 August | Launch failure | |||
Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi) | |||||||
17 August | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Target | 17 August | Successful | |||
Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi) | |||||||
18 August 03:06 |
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GCA | Suborbital | Ionospheric | 18 August | Successful | |||
Apogee: 141 kilometres (88 mi) | |||||||
18 August | ![]() |
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US Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 18 August | Launch failure | |||
Apogee: 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) | |||||||
22 August | ![]() |
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US Army | Suborbital | Missile test | 22 August | Successful | |||
Apogee: 250 kilometres (160 mi) | |||||||
22 August | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Target | 22 August | Launch failure | |||
Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi) | |||||||
22 August | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Target | 22 August | Successful | |||
Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi) | |||||||
23 August 01:16 |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Missile test | 23 August | Successful | |||
Apogee: 1,800 kilometres (1,100 mi) | |||||||
23 August 06:02:00 |
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NASA | Intended: High Earth Achieved: Low Earth |
Technology | 30 August | Partial launch failure | ||
Agena failed to restart resulting in lower orbit than planned, primary mission still accomplished | |||||||
23 August 17:02 |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Aeronomy Solar |
23 August | Successful | |||
Apogee: 225 kilometres (140 mi) | |||||||
24 August | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Target | 24 August | Successful | |||
Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi) | |||||||
25 August 18:29:44 |
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NASA | Low Earth | Technology Meteorite research |
28 August | Launch failure | ||
Reached lower orbit than planned and quickly decayed | |||||||
25 August | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Target | 25 August | Successful | |||
Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi) | |||||||
25 August | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Target | 25 August | Successful | |||
Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi) | |||||||
28 August 17:41 |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Ionospheric | 28 August | Successful | |||
Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi) | |||||||
29 August 14:35 |
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NRL | Suborbital | Solar | 29 August | Successful | |||
Apogee: 260 kilometres (160 mi) | |||||||
30 August 18:30 |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Missile test | 30 August | Launch failure | |||
Apogee: 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) | |||||||
30 August 20:00 |
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US Air Force | Low Earth | Optical imaging | 9 September | Successful | ||
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US Air Force | Low Earth | Film return | 1 September | Successful | ||
First KH-3 satellite | |||||||
30 August | ![]() |
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MVS | Suborbital | Missile test | 30 August | Successful | |||
Apogee: 402 kilometres (250 mi) | |||||||
30 August | ![]() |
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NASA | Suborbital | REV Test | 30 August | Successful | |||
Apogee: 1,280 kilometres (800 mi) | |||||||
31 August | ![]() |
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US Army | Suborbital | Missile test | 31 August | Successful | |||
Apogee: 150 kilometres (93 mi) | |||||||
31 August | ![]() |
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MVS | Suborbital | Missile test | 31 August | Successful | |||
Apogee: 402 kilometres (250 mi) | |||||||
September[] | |||||||
4 September | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 4 September | Successful | |||
Apogee: 1,210 kilometres (750 mi) | |||||||
6 September 22:30 |
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Royal Air Force | Suborbital | Missile test | 6 September | Successful | |||
Apogee: 520 kilometres (320 mi) | |||||||
6 September | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Nuclear test | 6 September | Successful | |||
Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi) | |||||||
7 September 01:30 |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Missile test | 7 September | Successful | |||
Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) | |||||||
7 September 18:17 |
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ROSAP | Suborbital | Aeronomy | 7 September | Successful | |||
Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi) | |||||||
8 September 04:06 |
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ROSAP | Suborbital | Aeronomy | 8 September | Successful | |||
Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi) | |||||||
8 September 04:11 |
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ROSAP | Suborbital | Aeronomy | 8 September | Successful | |||
Apogee: 145 kilometres (90 mi) | |||||||
8 September | ![]() |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Missile test | 8 September | Successful | |||
Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) | |||||||
9 September 01:42 |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Missile test | 9 September | Launch failure | |||
Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi), propulsion system malfunctioned | |||||||
9 September 19:28 |
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US Air Force | Intended: Low Earth | Optical imaging | +0 seconds | Launch failure | ||
Electro-optical satellite, rocket exploded on launch pad | |||||||
9 September 20:02 |
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US Army | Suborbital | Missile test | 9 September | Launch failure | |||
Apogee: 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) | |||||||
10 September 05:50 |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Nuclear test | 10 September | Successful | |||
Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi) | |||||||
10 September | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 10 September | Successful | |||
Apogee: 1,210 kilometres (750 mi) | |||||||
10 September | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 10 September | Launch failure | |||
11 September | ![]() |
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MVS | Suborbital | Missile test | 11 September | Successful | |||
Apogee: 402 kilometres (250 mi) | |||||||
12 September 05:00 |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Nuclear test | 12 September | Successful | |||
Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi) | |||||||
12 September 19:59 |
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US Air Force | Low Earth | Optical imaging | 11 December | Successful | ||
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US Air Force | Low Earth | Film return | 14 September | Successful | ||
13 September 09:32 |
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GCA | Suborbital | Aeronomy | 13 September | Successful | |||
Apogee: 331 kilometres (206 mi) | |||||||
13 September 14:04 |
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NASA | Low Earth | Test flight | 15:58:20 | Successful | ||
13 September 23:53 |
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GCA | Suborbital | Aeronomy | 13 September | Successful | |||
Apogee: 431 kilometres (268 mi) | |||||||
13 September | ![]() |
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US Army | Suborbital | Missile test | 13 September | Successful | |||
Apogee: 250 kilometres (160 mi) | |||||||
13 September | ![]() |
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MVS | Suborbital | Missile test | 13 September | Successful | |||
Apogee: 402 kilometres (250 mi) | |||||||
13 September | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 13 September | Successful | |||
Apogee: 1,210 kilometres (750 mi) | |||||||
14 September 04:45 |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Nuclear test | 14 September | Successful | |||
Apogee: 150 kilometres (93 mi) | |||||||
16 September 04:00 |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Nuclear test | 16 September | Successful | |||
Apogee: 150 kilometres (93 mi) | |||||||
16 September 10:02 |
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GCA | Suborbital | Aeronomy | 16 September | Launch failure | |||
Apogee: 27 kilometres (17 mi) | |||||||
16 September 21:39 |
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GCA | Suborbital | Aeronomy | 16 September | Successful | |||
Apogee: 208 kilometres (129 mi) | |||||||
16 September 23:55 |
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NASA | Suborbital | Aeronomy | 16 September | Launch failure | |||
Apogee: 88 kilometres (55 mi) | |||||||
17 September 04:47 |
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NASA | Suborbital | REV Test | 17 September | Successful | |||
Apogee: 260 kilometres (160 mi) | |||||||
17 September 10:03 |
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GCA | Suborbital | Aeronomy | 17 September | Successful | |||
Apogee: 273 kilometres (170 mi) | |||||||
17 September 21:00 |
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US Air Force | Low Earth | Optical imaging | 26 October | Successful | ||
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US Air Force | Low Earth | Film return | 19 September | Spacecraft failure | ||
SRV recovery failed | |||||||
17 September | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 17 September | Successful | |||
Apogee: 1,210 kilometres (750 mi) | |||||||
18 September 12:15 |
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NASA | Suborbital | UV Astronomy | 18 September | Successful | |||
Apogee: 193 kilometres (120 mi) | |||||||
19 September | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 19 September | Launch failure | |||
21 September | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 21 September | Successful | |||
Apogee: 1,350 kilometres (840 mi) | |||||||
22 September | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 22 September | Launch failure | |||
23 September 20:36 |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Missile test | 23 September | Successful | |||
Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) | |||||||
26 September 21:56 |
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BRL | Suborbital | Aeronomy | 26 September | Successful | |||
Apogee: 128 kilometres (80 mi) | |||||||
26 September | ![]() |
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US Army | Suborbital | Missile test | 26 September | Successful | |||
Apogee: 250 kilometres (160 mi) | |||||||
26 September | ![]() |
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MVS | Suborbital | Missile test | 26 September | Successful | |||
Apogee: 402 kilometres (250 mi) | |||||||
26 September | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 26 September | Successful | |||
Apogee: 1,160 kilometres (720 mi) | |||||||
27 September 00:25 |
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UCL | Suborbital | Ionospheric Solar |
27 September | Successful | |||
Apogee: 153 kilometres (95 mi) | |||||||
29 September 01:52 |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Missile test | 29 September | Successful | |||
Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) | |||||||
29 September 14:00 |
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US Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 29 September | Successful | |||
Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) | |||||||
30 September 14:30 |
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NASA | Suborbital | Solar | 30 September | Successful | |||
Apogee: 223 kilometres (139 mi) | |||||||
30 September | ![]() |
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MVS | Suborbital | Missile test | 30 September | Successful | |||
Apogee: 402 kilometres (250 mi) | |||||||
September | ![]() |
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MVS | Suborbital | Missile test | September | Successful | |||
Apogee: 402 kilometres (250 mi) | |||||||
September | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | September | Successful | |||
Apogee: 675 kilometres (419 mi) | |||||||
September | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | September | Successful | |||
Apogee: 675 kilometres (419 mi) | |||||||
September | ![]() |
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MVS | Suborbital | Missile test | September | Successful | |||
Apogee: 150 kilometres (93 mi) | |||||||
3rd Quarter | ![]() |
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US Army | Suborbital | Missile test | 3rd Quarter | Successful | |||
Apogee: 150 kilometres (93 mi) | |||||||
3rd Quarter | ![]() |
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US Army | Suborbital | Missile test | 3rd Quarter | Successful | |||
Apogee: 150 kilometres (93 mi) | |||||||
October[] | |||||||
2 October 18:23 |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Missile test | 2 October | Successful | |||
Apogee: 1,500 kilometres (930 mi) | |||||||
4 October 11:19 |
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NASA | Suborbital | UV Astronomy | 4 October | Successful | |||
Apogee: 195 kilometres (121 mi) | |||||||
4 October 14:22 |
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US Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 4 October | Successful | |||
Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) | |||||||
4 October | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Target | 4 October | Successful | |||
Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi) | |||||||
5 October 13:42 |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Missile test | 5 October | Successful | |||
Apogee: 1,500 kilometres (930 mi) | |||||||
5 October 19:10 |
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NOTS/NRL | Suborbital | Aeronomy | 5 October | Launch failure | |||
Apogee: 10 kilometres (6.2 mi), second stage failed to ignite | |||||||
5 October | ![]() |
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ONERA | Suborbital | Aeronomy | 5 October | Successful | |||
Apogee: 130 kilometres (81 mi) | |||||||
6 October | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Nuclear test | 6 October | Successful | |||
Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi) | |||||||
6 October | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 6 October | Successful | |||
Apogee: 1,160 kilometres (720 mi) | |||||||
7 October 01:30 |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Missile test | 7 October | Successful | |||
Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) | |||||||
7 October 20:03 |
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US Army | Suborbital | Missile test | 7 October | Launch failure | |||
Apogee: 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) | |||||||
8 October | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 8 October | Launch failure | |||
9 October | ![]() |
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ONERA | Suborbital | Aeronomy | 9 October | Successful | |||
Apogee: 130 kilometres (81 mi) | |||||||
9 October | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 9 October | Successful | |||
Apogee: 1,210 kilometres (750 mi) | |||||||
10 October 17:40 |
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NASA | Suborbital | Aeronomy | 10 October | Successful | |||
Apogee: 1,544 kilometres (959 mi) | |||||||
10 October | ![]() |
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US Army | Suborbital | Missile test | 10 October | Successful | |||
Apogee: 250 kilometres (160 mi) | |||||||
11 October | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 11 October | Launch failure | |||
12 October 13:21 |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Aeronomy | 12 October | Successful | |||
Apogee: 192 kilometres (119 mi) | |||||||
12 October | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 12 October | Successful | |||
Apogee: 1,160 kilometres (720 mi) | |||||||
13 October 19:22 |
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US Air Force | Low Earth | Optical imaging | 13 November | Successful | ||
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US Air Force | Low Earth | Film return | 14 October | Successful | ||
14 October 04:26 |
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NASA | Suborbital | Ionospheric | 14 October | Successful | |||
Apogee: 1,055 kilometres (656 mi) | |||||||
14 October | ![]() |
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ASE | Suborbital | XR astronomy | 14 October | Successful | |||
Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi) | |||||||
15 October | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 15 October | Successful | |||
Apogee: 1,210 kilometres (750 mi) | |||||||
16 October 14:54 |
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US Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 16 October | Successful | |||
Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi) | |||||||
18 October 13:25 |
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NASA | Suborbital | Technology | 18 October | Successful | |||
Apogee: 152 kilometres (94 mi) | |||||||
19 October 17:38 |
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NASA | Suborbital | Plasma research Aeronomy |
19 October | Successful | |||
Apogee: 6,855 kilometres (4,259 mi) | |||||||
19 October | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 19 October | Successful | |||
Apogee: 675 kilometres (419 mi) | |||||||
20 October | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Nuclear test | 20 October | Successful | |||
Apogee: 150 kilometres (93 mi) | |||||||
21 October 13:53:03 |
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US Air Force | Low Earth | Missile defence | In orbit | Successful | ||
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Lincoln | Low Earth | Communications Technology |
In orbit | Spacecraft failure | ||
Westford-1 released 480 million copper dipoles, which failed to disperse correctly preventing experiments from being conducted | |||||||
21 October | ![]() |
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AN | Suborbital | Aeronomy | 21 October | Successful | |||
Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi) | |||||||
21 October | ![]() |
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AN | Suborbital | Aeronomy | 21 October | Successful | |||
Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi) | |||||||
22 October | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 22 October | Successful | |||
Apogee: 1,210 kilometres (750 mi) | |||||||
22 October | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Target | 22 October | Successful | |||
Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi) | |||||||
23 October 16:38:40 |
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US Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 23 October | Successful | |||
Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) | |||||||
23 October 19:23 |
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US Air Force | Intended: Low Earth | Optical imaging | 23 October | Launch failure | ||
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US Air Force | Intended: Low Earth | Film return | ||||
Rocket shut down prematurely, failed to orbit | |||||||
23 October | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Target | 23 October | Successful | |||
Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi) | |||||||
23 October | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 23 October | Launch failure | |||
24 October 00:23 |
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UCL | Suborbital | Aeronomy Solar Meteorite research |
24 October | Successful | |||
Apogee: 142 kilometres (88 mi) | |||||||
24 October 03:59 |
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ISAS | Suborbital | Ionospheric | 24 October | Successful | |||
Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi) | |||||||
24 October 23:28 |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Missile test | 24 October | Successful | |||
Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) | |||||||
24 October | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Target | 24 October | Successful | |||
Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi) | |||||||
25 October 06:59 |
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ASE | Suborbital | XR astronomy | 25 October | Successful | |||
Apogee: 232 kilometres (144 mi) | |||||||
25 October | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Target | 25 October | Launch failure | |||
Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi) | |||||||
26 October | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Target | 26 October | Launch failure | |||
Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi) | |||||||
26 October | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 26 October | Launch failure | |||
27 October 09:35 |
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GCA | Suborbital | Ionospheric | 27 October | Successful | |||
Apogee: 148 kilometres (92 mi) | |||||||
27 October 15:06:04 |
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NASA | Suborbital | Test flight | 27 October | Successful | ||
Apogee: 136 kilometres (85 mi), maiden flight of Saturn I, flew with battleship upper stages | |||||||
27 October 16:30 |
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RVSN | Intended: Low Earth | Technology | 27 October | Launch failure | ||
Maiden flight of Kosmos-2I 63S1, malfunctioned, failed to reach orbit | |||||||
27 October | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Nuclear test | 27 October | Successful | |||
Apogee: 300 kilometres (190 mi) | |||||||
27 October | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Nuclear test | 27 October | Successful | |||
Apogee: 180 kilometres (110 mi) | |||||||
28 October | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 28 October | Successful | |||
Apogee: 1,210 kilometres (750 mi) | |||||||
28 October | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Target | 28 October | Successful | |||
Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi) | |||||||
29 October | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 29 October | Successful | |||
Apogee: 1,210 kilometres (750 mi) | |||||||
30 October 11:13 |
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ISAS | Suborbital | Ionospheric | 30 October | Successful | |||
Apogee: 175 kilometres (109 mi) | |||||||
31 October | ![]() |
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MVS | Suborbital | Missile test | 31 October | Successful | |||
Apogee: 402 kilometres (250 mi) | |||||||
31 October | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 31 October | Successful | |||
Apogee: 675 kilometres (419 mi) | |||||||
October | ![]() |
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MVS | Suborbital | Missile test | October | Successful | |||
Apogee: 402 kilometres (250 mi) | |||||||
October | ![]() |
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MVS | Suborbital | Missile test | October | Successful | |||
Apogee: 402 kilometres (250 mi) | |||||||
October | ![]() |
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MVS | Suborbital | Missile test | October | Successful | |||
Apogee: 402 kilometres (250 mi) | |||||||
October | ![]() |
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MVS | Suborbital | Missile test | October | Successful | |||
Apogee: 402 kilometres (250 mi) | |||||||
October | ![]() |
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MVS | Suborbital | Missile test | October | Successful | |||
Apogee: 402 kilometres (250 mi) | |||||||
October | ![]() |
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MVS | Suborbital | Missile test | October | Successful | |||
Apogee: 402 kilometres (250 mi) | |||||||
October | ![]() |
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MVS | Suborbital | Missile test | October | Successful | |||
Apogee: 402 kilometres (250 mi) | |||||||
October | ![]() |
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MVS | Suborbital | Missile test | October | Successful | |||
Apogee: 402 kilometres (250 mi) | |||||||
October | ![]() |
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MVS | Suborbital | Missile test | October | Successful | |||
Apogee: 402 kilometres (250 mi) | |||||||
October | ![]() |
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MVS | Suborbital | Missile test | October | Successful | |||
Apogee: 402 kilometres (250 mi) | |||||||
October | ![]() |
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MVS | Suborbital | Missile test | October | Successful | |||
Apogee: 402 kilometres (250 mi) | |||||||
November[] | |||||||
1 November 03:00 |
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NRL | Suborbital | Aeronomy | 1 November | Successful | |||
Apogee: 212 kilometres (132 mi) | |||||||
1 November 15:32 |
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NASA | Intended: Low Earth | Tracking test | +43 seconds | Launch failure | ||
Would have been used to test , went out of control 28 seconds after launch, subsequently destroyed by range safety, only orbital launch attempt of Blue Scout II | |||||||
1 November 17:56 |
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NASA | Suborbital | UV Astronomy | 1 November | Successful | |||
Apogee: 193 kilometres (120 mi) | |||||||
2 November | ![]() |
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US Army | Suborbital | Missile test | 2 November | Successful | |||
Apogee: 250 kilometres (160 mi) | |||||||
3 November 14:01:32 |
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US Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 3 November | Successful | |||
Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi) | |||||||
3 November 15:30 |
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US Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 3 November | Successful | |||
Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi) | |||||||
3 November 17:00 |
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US Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 3 November | Successful | |||
Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi) | |||||||
5 November 20:00 |
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US Air Force | Low Earth | Optical imaging | 7 December 1962 | Launch failure | ||
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US Air Force | Low Earth | Film return | ||||
Placed in useless orbit due to erroneous launch trajectory, SRV not released | |||||||
8 November 09:00 |
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UCL | Suborbital | Aeronomy Ionospheric |
8 November | Successful | |||
Apogee: 152 kilometres (94 mi) | |||||||
8 November 16:10 |
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US Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 8 November | Successful | |||
Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) | |||||||
9 November | ![]() |
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US Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 9 November | Successful | |||
Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) | |||||||
10 November 14:55 |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Cosmic ray research Biological |
10 November | Launch failure | |||
Apogee: 10 kilometres (6.2 mi), carried a squirrel monkey, engine failed early in ascent | |||||||
15 November 13:00 |
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AN | Suborbital | Aeronomy Ionospheric |
15 November | Successful | |||
Apogee: 430 kilometres (270 mi) | |||||||
15 November 13:42 |
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NASA | Suborbital | Biological | 15 November | Successful | |||
Apogee: 1,057 kilometres (657 mi) | |||||||
15 November 21:23 |
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US Air Force | Low Earth | Optical imaging | 3 December | Successful | ||
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US Air Force | Low Earth | Film return | 16 November | Successful | ||
15 November 22:26 |
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US Navy | Low Earth | Navigation Technology |
In orbit | Successful | ||
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US Navy | Low Earth | Technology | In orbit | Successful | ||
Transit 4B carried a SNAP-3 nuclear reactor | |||||||
15 November | ![]() |
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NMSU | Suborbital | Aeronomy | 15 November | Successful | |||
Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi) | |||||||
15 November | ![]() |
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US Army | Suborbital | Missile test | 15 November | Successful | |||
Apogee: 250 kilometres (160 mi) | |||||||
15 November | ![]() |
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US Army | Suborbital | Missile test | 15 November | Successful | |||
Apogee: 150 kilometres (93 mi) | |||||||
15 November | ![]() |
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US Army | Suborbital | Missile test | 15 November | Successful | |||
Apogee: 150 kilometres (93 mi) | |||||||
16 November 20:37 |
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US Army | Suborbital | Missile test | 16 November | Successful | |||
Apogee: 150 kilometres (93 mi) | |||||||
17 November 15:15 |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Missile test | 17 November | Successful | |||
Apogee: 1,300 kilometres (810 mi) | |||||||
17 November 16:06 |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Aeronomy | 17 November | Successful | |||
Apogee: 610 kilometres (380 mi) | |||||||
18 November 06:30 |
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NASA | Suborbital | Aeronomy | 18 November | Successful | |||
Apogee: 142 kilometres (88 mi) | |||||||
18 November 08:12 |
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NASA | Intended: High Earth Achieved: Low Earth |
Technology | 20 November | Launch failure | ||
Agena failed to restart resulting in lower orbit than planned, spacecraft decayed quickly | |||||||
18 November 13:42 |
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NASA | Suborbital | Biological | 18 November | Successful | |||
Apogee: 1,057 kilometres (657 mi) | |||||||
20 November 18:04 |
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NASA | Suborbital | UV Astronomy | 20 November | Successful | |||
Apogee: 209 kilometres (130 mi) | |||||||
21 November 19:00 |
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US Army | Suborbital | Missile test | 21 November | Successful | |||
Apogee: 150 kilometres (93 mi) | |||||||
21 November | ![]() |
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UCL/RAE | Suborbital | Ionospheric Solar |
21 November | Launch failure | |||
22 November 00:30 |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Missile test | 22 November | Successful | |||
Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) | |||||||
22 November 20:45:47 |
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US Air Force | Intended: Low Earth | Optical imaging | 22 November | Launch failure | ||
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US Air Force | Intended: Low Earth | Film return | ||||
Film-return satellite, failed to orbit | |||||||
22 November 21:04 |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Ionospheric Aeronomy |
22 November | Successful | |||
Apogee: 1,400 kilometres (870 mi) | |||||||
25 November | ![]() |
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MVS | Suborbital | Missile test | 25 November | Successful | |||
Apogee: 402 kilometres (250 mi) | |||||||
25 November | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 25 November | Successful | |||
Apogee: 675 kilometres (419 mi) | |||||||
29 November 15:07:57 |
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NASA | Low Earth | Test flight | 18:28:59 | Successful | ||
Carried Enos the Chimp | |||||||
29 November 23:01:49 |
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Strategic Air Command | Suborbital | Missile test | 29 November | Successful | |||
Apogee: 1,800 kilometres (1,100 mi) | |||||||
29 November | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 29 November | Successful | |||
Apogee: 675 kilometres (419 mi) | |||||||
29 November | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 29 November | Successful | |||
Apogee: 1,210 kilometres (750 mi) | |||||||
29 November | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 29 November | Successful | |||
Apogee: 1,350 kilometres (840 mi) | |||||||
29 November | ![]() |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Missile test | 29 November | Successful | |||
Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) | |||||||
30 November 17:10 |
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NRL | Suborbital | Solar | 30 November | Successful | |||
Apogee: 238 kilometres (148 mi) | |||||||
30 November | ![]() |
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US Army | Suborbital | Missile test | 30 November | Successful | |||
Apogee: 150 kilometres (93 mi) | |||||||
December[] | |||||||
1 December 20:40 |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Missile test | 1 December | Successful | |||
Apogee: 1,600 kilometres (990 mi) | |||||||
1 December | ![]() |
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US Army | Suborbital | Missile test | 1 December | Successful | |||
Apogee: 250 kilometres (160 mi) | |||||||
1 December | ![]() |
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US Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 1 December | Successful | |||
Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) | |||||||
1 December | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 1 December | Successful | |||
Apogee: 675 kilometres (419 mi) | |||||||
2 December | ![]() |
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MVS | Suborbital | Missile test | 2 December | Successful | |||
Apogee: 402 kilometres (250 mi) | |||||||
2 December | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 2 December | Launch failure | |||
4 December 04:00:16 |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Magnetospheric | 4 December | Successful | |||
Apogee: 44,400 kilometres (27,600 mi) | |||||||
4 December | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 4 December | Successful | |||
Apogee: 675 kilometres (419 mi) | |||||||
5 December 23:26 |
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Birmingham/UCL | Suborbital | Ionospheric Solar |
5 December | Successful | |||
Apogee: 226 kilometres (140 mi) | |||||||
5 December | ![]() |
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US Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 5 December | Successful | |||
Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi) | |||||||
6 December 01:30 |
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Royal Air Force | Suborbital | Missile test | 6 December | Successful | |||
Apogee: 520 kilometres (320 mi) | |||||||
6 December 22:37 |
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US Army | Suborbital | Missile test | 6 December | Successful | |||
Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi) | |||||||
6 December | ![]() |
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CNRS | Suborbital | Aeronomy | 6 December | Successful | |||
Apogee: 130 kilometres (81 mi) | |||||||
6 December | ![]() |
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CNRS | Suborbital | Aeronomy | 6 December | Successful | |||
Apogee: 130 kilometres (81 mi) | |||||||
7 December 21:18:36 |
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Strategic Air Command | Suborbital | Missile test | 7 December | Successful | |||
Apogee: 1,800 kilometres (1,100 mi) | |||||||
7 December 23:15 |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Aeronomy Ionospheric |
7 December | Successful | |||
Apogee: 234 kilometres (145 mi) | |||||||
8 December | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 8 December | Successful | |||
Apogee: 675 kilometres (419 mi) | |||||||
8 December | ![]() |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Geodesy | 8 December | Successful | |||
Apogee: 2,190 kilometres (1,360 mi) | |||||||
9 December | ![]() |
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CNRS | Suborbital | Aeronomy | 9 December | Successful | |||
Apogee: 130 kilometres (81 mi) | |||||||
9 December | ![]() |
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CNRS | Suborbital | Aeronomy | 9 December | Successful | |||
Apogee: 130 kilometres (81 mi) | |||||||
9 December | ![]() |
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CNRS | Suborbital | Aeronomy | 9 December | Successful | |||
Apogee: 130 kilometres (81 mi) | |||||||
10 December 17:01 |
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NASA | Suborbital | Cosmic ray research | 10 December | Successful | |||
Apogee: 132 kilometres (82 mi) | |||||||
11 December 09:39:02 |
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RVSN | Intended: Low Earth | Optical imaging | +407 seconds | Launch failure | ||
First launch of a Zenit satellite, failed to orbit due to premature cutoff of upper stage, spacecraft commanded to self-destruct 407 seconds after launch | |||||||
12 December 20:16 |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Missile test | 12 December | Launch failure | |||
Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi), guidance system failed | |||||||
12 December 20:40 |
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US Air Force | Low Earth | Optical imaging | 3 December | Successful | ||
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US Air Force | Low Earth | Film return | 16 December | Successful | ||
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Project OSCAR | Low Earth | Amateur radio | 31 January 1962 | Successful | ||
First amateur-built satellite | |||||||
13 December 12:00 |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Meteorite research | 13 December | Successful | |||
Apogee: 246 kilometres (153 mi) | |||||||
13 December | ![]() |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Missile test | 13 December | Successful | |||
Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) | |||||||
14 December 07:09 |
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NASA | Suborbital | REV Test | 14 December | Successful | |||
Apogee: 157 kilometres (98 mi) | |||||||
14 December 10:29 |
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WRE | Suborbital | Aeronomy | 14 December | Successful | |||
Apogee: 130 kilometres (81 mi) | |||||||
14 December 20:00 |
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US Army | Suborbital | Missile test | 14 December | Successful | |||
Apogee: 150 kilometres (93 mi) | |||||||
14 December 20:26 |
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US Army | Suborbital | Missile test | 14 December | Successful | |||
Apogee: 150 kilometres (93 mi) | |||||||
14 December | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 14 December | Launch failure | |||
15 December 17:00 |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Solar | 15 December | Successful | |||
Apogee: 169 kilometres (105 mi) | |||||||
15 December | ![]() |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Missile test | 15 December | Successful | |||
Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) | |||||||
18 December 13:04 |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Missile test | 18 December | Successful | |||
Apogee: 1,300 kilometres (810 mi) | |||||||
20 December 03:32 |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Cosmic ray research | 20 December | Successful | |||
Apogee: 1,800 kilometres (1,100 mi) | |||||||
21 December 03:35 |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Cosmic ray research Ionospheric Meteorite research |
21 December | Launch failure | |||
Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi), hydraulic system failed | |||||||
21 December 12:30 |
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RVSN | Intended: Low Earth | Technology | 21 December | Launch failure | ||
Second stage oxidiser exhausted prematurely due to turbopump malfunction, failed to orbit | |||||||
21 December 19:54 |
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Michigan | Suborbital | Aeronomy | 21 December | Successful | |||
Apogee: 132 kilometres (82 mi) | |||||||
22 December 04:24 |
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Michigan | Suborbital | Ionospheric | 22 December | Successful | |||
Apogee: 365 kilometres (227 mi) | |||||||
22 December 19:12:33 |
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US Air Force | Low Earth | Optical imaging | 31 December | Launch failure | ||
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US Air Force | Low Earth | Film return | 9 January 1962 | |||
Film-return satellite, overshot target orbit resulting in return vehicle being unable to deorbit[2] | |||||||
23 December | ![]() |
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MVS | Suborbital | Missile test | 23 December | Successful | |||
Apogee: 402 kilometres (250 mi) | |||||||
23 December | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Target | 23 December | Successful | |||
Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi) | |||||||
26 December 05:05 |
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ISAS | Suborbital | Test flight | 26 December | Successful | |||
Apogee: 343 kilometres (213 mi) | |||||||
26 December | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Target | 26 December | Successful | |||
Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi) | |||||||
26 December | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Target | 26 December | Successful | |||
Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi) | |||||||
26 December | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 26 December | Launch failure | |||
27 December | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | REV Test | 27 December | Successful | |||
Apogee: 405 kilometres (252 mi) | |||||||
28 December | ![]() |
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US Army | Suborbital | Missile test | 28 December | Successful | |||
Apogee: 250 kilometres (160 mi) | |||||||
29 December | ![]() |
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MVS | Suborbital | Missile test | 29 December | Successful | |||
Apogee: 402 kilometres (250 mi) | |||||||
29 December | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Target | 29 December | Successful | |||
Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi) | |||||||
29 December | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Target | 29 December | Successful | |||
Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi) | |||||||
30 December | ![]() |
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MVS | Suborbital | Missile test | 30 December | Successful | |||
Apogee: 402 kilometres (250 mi) | |||||||
30 December | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Target | 30 December | Successful | |||
Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi) | |||||||
December | ![]() |
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MVS | Suborbital | Missile test | December | Successful | |||
Apogee: 402 kilometres (250 mi) | |||||||
December | ![]() |
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MVS | Suborbital | Missile test | December | Successful | |||
Apogee: 402 kilometres (250 mi) | |||||||
Unknown | ![]() |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Aeronomy | Unknown | Successful | |||
Apogee: 800 kilometres (500 mi) | |||||||
Unknown | ![]() |
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US Navy | Suborbital | Test flight | |||||
Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi) | |||||||
Unknown | ![]() |
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US Navy | Suborbital | Test flight | |||||
Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi) |
References[]
Generic references:
Spaceflight portal
![RocketSunIcon.svg](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/28px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png)
- Bergin, Chris. "NASASpaceFlight.com".
- Clark, Stephen. "Spaceflight Now".
- Kelso, T.S. "Satellite Catalog (SATCAT)". CelesTrak.
- Krebs, Gunter. "Chronology of Space Launches".
- Kyle, Ed. "Space Launch Report".
- McDowell, Jonathan. "Jonathan's Space Report".
- Pietrobon, Steven. "Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive".
- Wade, Mark. "Encyclopedia Astronautica".
- Webb, Brian. "Southwest Space Archive".
- Zak, Anatoly. "Russian Space Web".
- "ISS Calendar". Spaceflight 101.
- "NSSDCA Master Catalog". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
- "Space Calendar". NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
- "Space Information Center". JAXA.
- "Хроника освоения космоса" [Chronicle of space exploration]. CosmoWorld (in Russian).
Footnotes[]
- ^ "Corona Program". Mission and Spacecraft Library. NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Archived from the original on 19 May 2009. Retrieved 15 May 2009.
- ^ McDowell, Jonathan. "Samos 5". The History of Spaceflight. Jonathan's Space Page. Retrieved 17 June 2010.
Categories:
- 1961 in spaceflight
- Spaceflight by year