1992 South Korean presidential election
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Turnout | 81.9% (![]() | ||||||||||||||||||||
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![]() Results by provincial-level divisions | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Presidential elections were held in South Korea on 18 December 1992, the second democratic presidential elections since the end of military rule in 1987. Voter turnout was 81.9%.[1]
As of 2021, this remains the most recent South Korean presidential election in which all three major presidential candidates are deceased.
Background[]
On 22 January 1990, two opposition leaders Kim Young-Sam and Kim Jong-Pil led their parties to merge into the ruling party Democratic Justice Party, and formed the Democratic Liberal Party, led by President Roh Tae-woo. Before they merged, Roh's party did not have a majority in the National Assembly. After they merged, they had over a two-thirds majority, which could pass bills without any obstruction from the opposition.
Kim Dae-Jung, an opponent in the 1987 election who finished third behind Kim Young-sam and Roh Tae-woo ran again in 1992.
In 1992, Hyundai businessman Chung Ju-yung also ran in the election.
Nominations[]
Democratic Liberal Party[]
The Democratic Liberal Party national convention was held on 19 May at the Olympic Gymnastics Arena. Nine-term lawmaker from Busan Kim Young-sam won the nomination, defeating four-term lawmaker from Seoul Lee Jong-chan, who did not concede and ran as a third party candidate. Lee Jong-chan withdrew his campaign and endorsed RNP nominee Chung Ju-yung in December.[2]
Candidate | Delegates | % |
---|---|---|
Kim Young-sam | 4,418 | 66.34 |
Lee Jong-chan | 2,214 | 33.24 |
Invalid/blank votes | 28 | 0.42 |
Total | 6,660 | 100% |
Abstentions | 222 | 3.23 |
Democratic Party[]
The Democratic National Convention was held from 25 to 26 May at the Olympic Fencing Gymnasium. At the convention, Kim Dae-jung, 6-term lawmaker from South Jeolla, defeated Lee Ki-taek, 7-term lawmaker from Busan, and won the nomination.
Of 2,426 delegates present at the convention, 1,443 had been from Kim's faction and only 983 from Lee's, so Kim was thought as the presumptive nominee even before the convention began.[3]
Candidate | Delegates | % |
---|---|---|
Kim Dae-jung | 1,413 | 60.18 |
Lee Ki-taek | 925 | 39.40 |
Invalid/blank votes | 10 | 0.43 |
Total | 2,338 | 100% |
Unification National Party[]
At the UNP National Convention held on 15 May at the KOEX in Seoul, Chung Ju-yung was nominated for president by a yay-nay rising vote.[4]
Candidate | Delegates | % |
---|---|---|
For Chung Ju-yung | 1,727 | 99.37 |
Against | 7 | 0.40 |
Abstention | 4 | 0.23 |
Results[]
The right-wing conservative Democratic Liberal Party presidential candidate Kim Young-Sam won the presidential election, defeating opposition Democratic Party leader Kim Dae-Jung, marking the third time he had lost a presidential election. Kim later announced his retirement from politics.
The conservative ruling party won the election continued to govern until 1997 when Kim Dae-Jung won the next presidential election.
Candidate | Party | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Kim Young-sam | Democratic Liberal Party | 9,977,332 | 41.96 | |
Kim Dae-jung | Democratic Party | 8,041,284 | 33.82 | |
Chung Ju-yung | Unification National Party | 3,880,067 | 16.32 | |
Park Chan-jong | 1,516,047 | 6.38 | ||
Baek Gi-Wan | Independent | 238,648 | 1.00 | |
Kim Ok-sun | Independent | 86,292 | 0.36 | |
Lee Byeong-ho | Korean Justice Party | 35,739 | 0.15 | |
Total | 23,775,409 | 100.00 | ||
Valid votes | 23,775,409 | 98.67 | ||
Invalid/blank votes | 319,761 | 1.33 | ||
Total votes | 24,095,170 | 100.00 | ||
Registered voters/turnout | 29,422,658 | 81.89 | ||
Source: Nohlen et al. |
By region[]
provinces · cities | ![]() |
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Kim Young-sam DLP |
Kim Dae-jung DP |
Chung Ju-yung RNP | ||||
Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | |
Seoul | 2,167,298 | 36.4% | 2,246,326 | 37.7% | 1,070,629 | 18.0% |
Busan | 1,551,473 | 73.3% | 265,055 | 12.5% | 133,907 | 6.3% |
Daegu | 690,245 | 59.6% | 90,641 | 7.8% | 224,642 | 19.4% |
Incheon | 397,361 | 37.3% | 338,538 | 31.7% | 228,505 | 21.4% |
Gwangju | 14,504 | 2.1% | 652,337 | 95.8% | 8,085 | 1.2% |
Daejeon | 202,137 | 35.2% | 165,067 | 28.7% | 133,646 | 23.3% |
Gyeonggi | 1,254,025 | 36.3% | 1,103,498 | 32.0% | 798,356 | 23.1% |
Gangwon | 340,528 | 41.5% | 127,265 | 15.5% | 279,610 | 34.1% |
Chungcheongbuk | 281,678 | 38.3% | 191,743 | 26.0% | 175,767 | 23.4% |
Chungcheongnam | 351,789 | 36.9% | 271,921 | 28.5% | 240,400 | 25.2% |
Jeollabuk | 63,175 | 5.7% | 991,483 | 89.1% | 35,923 | 3.2% |
Jeollanam | 53,360 | 4.2% | 1,170,398 | 92.2% | 26,686 | 2.1% |
Gyeongsangbuk | 991,424 | 64.7% | 147,440 | 9.6% | 240,646 | 15.7% |
Gyeongsangnam | 1,514,043 | 72.3% | 193,373 | 9.2% | 241,135 | 11.5% |
Jeju | 104,292 | 40.0% | 85,889 | 32.9% | 42,130 | 16.1% |
References[]
- ^ Croissant, Aurel. "Electoral Politics in South Korea" (PDF). Friedrich Ebert Foundation. p. 266.
- ^ 엄기영,백지연. "민자당 차기 대통령후보로 김영삼후보 결정[엄기영]". imnews.imbc.com (in Korean). Retrieved 2018-04-24.
- ^ "김대중후보 60.2% 득표, 이기택대표는 39.4% 얻어". mk.co.kr (in Korean). Retrieved 2018-04-24.
- ^ 엄기영,백지연. "국민당 정주영 후보, 만장일치로 대통령 후보에 선출[조동엽]". imnews.imbc.com (in Korean). Retrieved 2018-04-24.
- Presidential elections in South Korea
- 1992 elections in Asia
- 1992 elections in South Korea
- Kim Young-sam
- Kim Dae-jung