2021 Chilean general election

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2021 Chilean general election
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Presidential election
First round: 21 November
Second round: 19 December
  Sebastián Piñera met with President-elect Gabriel Boric in La Moneda (4) (cropped).jpg José Antonio Kast (2019) 4x3 cropped.jpg
Candidate Gabriel Boric José Antonio Kast
Party Social Convergence Republican
Alliance Apruebo Dignidad Christian Social Front
Popular vote 4,620,890 3,650,088
Percentage 55.87% 44.13%
2021 Chilean presidential election by commune percentage.svg
2021 Chilean presidential election by commune percentage (second round).svg
First round (first image)
Second round (second image)
President before election

Sebastián Piñera
Independent

Elected President

Gabriel Boric
Social Convergence

Parliamentary election
All 155 seats in the Chamber of Deputies
27 of 50 seats in the Senate
Party % Seats +/–
Chamber of Deputies
Chile Podemos Más

25.43% 53 -19
Apruebo Dignidad

20.94% 37 +17
NPS

17.16% 37 -6
Christian Social Front

11.18% 15 New
Party of the People

8.45% 6 New
Dignidad Ahora

5.10% 3 New
Green

4.83% 2 New
United Independents

2.96% 1 New
Independents

1.44% 1 0
Senate
Chile Podemos Más

27.86% 24 +5
Apruebo Dignidad

19.58% 5 +4
NPS

15.59% 18 +3
Christian Social Front

8.62% 1 New
Independents

9.31% 2 +1
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.

General elections were held in Chile on 21 November 2021, including presidential, parliamentary and regional elections.

Voters went to the polls in the first round to elect:

Following an electoral reform in 2015, the Senate increased its membership from 38 to 43 in 2017, and grew to its full size of 50 seats after this election.[1]

This election cycle was characterized as being the most polarized in modern Chilean history and a departure from political normality in Chile, being held in the backdrop of the 2019 protests, the writing of a new constitution and the global COVID-19 pandemic.[2]

Continuing with the results of the elections held on 15–16 May 2021 for mayors, governors and members of the Constitutional Convention, the main center-left and center-right coalitions that had ruled the country since the end of the military dictatorship saw a significant decrease in their support, especially in the presidential election.

For the parliamentary election, the center-right coalition Chile Podemos Más kept their position as the largest bloc in both chambers and even increased their number of senators, despite losing more than 10 percentage points from the previous election. In the left wing, the new coalition Apruebo Dignidad had important gains at the expense of the center-left New Social Pact (NPS), becoming the second largest bloc in the Chamber of Deputies. However, NPS kept more seats in the Senate. New parties, like the far-right Republican Party and the populist Party of the People, also gained several seats. Consequently, the newly elected Congress was split evenly between the combined left and combined right,[b] with the non-aligned congresspeople holding the balance of power.[4]

Seven candidates ran for the presidency. The candidates for the traditional centrist coalitions finished in fourth and fifth place, while two candidates from newly formed parties and coalitions, José Antonio Kast and Gabriel Boric, qualified for the second round, after no candidate received more than 50% of the vote.[5] Kast, from the Republican Party, ran a campaign on populist and christian conservative values with a strong "law and order" message, drawing comparisons with former US president Donald Trump and current Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro.[6] In contrast, Boric, a member of the Social Convergence and the candidate of the Apruebo Dignidad coalition, campaigned on a progressive message reflecting the ideas behind the 2019 protests. He pushed for broadening the social safety net, higher taxes on the wealthy, combating climate change, social justice, and change to the current privatized pension system. Boric also supported the ongoing writing of a new Chilean constitution, while Kast repeatedly said he would interfere to stop its ratification if elected.

Despite narrowly lagging behind Kast in the first round, Boric won the second round with 55.87% of the vote, a larger margin than pre-election polls predicted,[7] with Kast conceding defeat shortly after polls closed.[8][9] At 35 years old, Gabriel Boric became the youngest president ever elected in Chile and the one elected with the largest number of votes in Chilean history. Turnout in the second round increased to 55.7%, the largest number since voting became voluntary in Chile in 2013.

All the newly elected authorities, including president-elect Boric, began their terms on 11 March 2022.[10]

Electoral system[]

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The President is elected using the two-round system; if no candidate receives a majority of the vote in the first round, a second round will be held.[11]

In the National Congress, the 155 members of the Chamber of Deputies are elected from 28 multi-member constituencies with between three and eight seats by open list proportional representation. Seats are allocated by the d'Hondt method.[12] The 50 members of the Senate are elected for eight-year terms, with around half of the Senators renewed at each general election. Senators are elected from 16 multi-member constituencies of between two and five seats based on the regions. The 2021 elections will see 27 members elected, representing the regions of Antofagasta, Biobío, Coquimbo, O'Higgins, Los Lagos, Los Ríos, Magallanes and Santiago Metropolitan Region.[13]

Presidential candidates[]

Summary of candidates[]

Below is the list of candidacies for president accepted by the Electoral Service on 27 August 2021.[14] Boric's and Sichel's candidacies were automatically accepted after they were proclaimed the winner of their respective primaries by the Election Court.[15]

Candidate Endorsement Ideology
Gabriel Boric Font (2021) 4x3 cropped.png

Gabriel Boric
Social Convergence		 Apruebo Dignidad logo.svg Apruebo Dignidad:
José Antonio Kast Rist (2010) cropped.jpg

José Antonio Kast
Republican Party		 Frente Social Cristiano.svg Christian Social Front:
  • Conservatism
  • Right-wing populism
Yasna Provoste Campillai (2021) (cropped).jpg

Yasna Provoste
Christian Democratic Party		 Nuevo Pacto Social full.png New Social Pact:
SEBASTIAN SICHEL 2019 (cropped).jpg

Sebastián Sichel
Independent		 Chile Podemos +.svg Chile Podemos Más:
Eduardo Artés 2021 - 7 de octubre (cropped).jpg

Eduardo Artés
Patriotic Union		 UPAUniónPatriótica.png Patriotic Union:
Marco Enríquez-Ominami 2018 (4x3).jpg

Marco Enríquez-Ominami
Progressive Party		 Logo Partido Progresista de Chile (recorte).png Progressive Party
Franco Parisi Fernández (2013) 4x3 cropped.jpg

Franco Parisi
Party of the People		 Partido de la Gente.svg Party of the People

Apruebo Dignidad[]

Apruebo Dignidad logo.svg
Apruebo Dignidad
Gabriel Boric
(Social Convergence)
Gabriel Boric Font (2021) (cropped).png
Deputy for Magallanes
(2014–2022)

The Apruebo Dignidad coalition decided its presidential candidate in the publicly-funded primaries held nationwide on 18 July 2021, which was won by lawmaker Gabriel Boric with 60% of the vote.[16]

On 17 March 2021, Boric's party, Social Convergence, proclaimed him as its presidential candidate.[17] The Commons Party's leadership also announced on 17 March 2021 that it would propose Boric as its presidential candidate in a meeting of the party's leadership the following Saturday.[18] On 23 March 2021, Democratic Revolution, the coalition's largest party, proclaimed him as its presidential candidate.[19] On May 29, 2021, the Common Force movement gave its support to Boric, after he beat Marcelo Díaz in a plebiscite held on May 27–28.[20] On 17 August 2021 the Acción Humanista movement proclaimed him as its candidate.[21]

Defeated in primary[]

Main article: 2021 Chilean presidential primaries
  • Daniel Jadue (PC): Jadue is the mayor of Recoleta and a member of the Communist Party of Chile. He studied sociology at the University of Chile, and also studied total quality management at the Catholic University of the North.[22] He appeared as the candidate with the most support in several opinion polls.[23][24][25]

Dropped out[]

  • Marcelo Díaz (Unir): In November 2020 the Unir Movement presented the deputy and former spokesman as pre-candidate.[26] On 18 May 2021 he dropped out of the race and lent his support to Boric.[27]
  • Jaime Mulet (FRVS): The current president of the FRVS and deputy was proclaimed as his party's presidential candidate in September 2020.[26] In May 2021, he received the support of the Christian Left movement.[28] On 8 July 2021, the FRVS chose to support the candidacy of Daniel Jadue.[29]

Chile Podemos Más[]

Chile Podemos +.svg
Chile Podemos Más
Sebastián Sichel
(Independent)
SEBASTIAN SICHEL 2019.jpg
Minister of Social Development
(2019-2020)

The Chile Podemos Más center-right coalition (previously Chile Vamos) participated in the publicly-funded primaries held nationwide on 18 July 2021.[30] Former minister Sebastián Sichel beat the other three candidates by 49% of the vote.[31]

Sichel was minister of Social Development and president of BancoEstado during the second administration of President Sebastián Piñera. He participated as an independent candidate in the Chile Podemos Más primary, supported by former PDC supporters and other centrist political movements.[32]

Defeated in primary[]

Main article: 2021 Chilean presidential primaries
  • Ignacio Briones (Evópoli): Briones is a university professor and economist who served as minister of Finance between 2019 and 2021. He was unanimously proclaimed by the Political Evolution party as their presidential candidate on 30 January 2021.[33] He describes himself as a social liberal and seeks to promote liberal policies, although he is against abortion.
  • Mario Desbordes (RN): Desbordes became minister of Defense in July 2020. Before that, he was a member of the Chamber of Deputies. He was also president of his party between 2018 and 2020 and secretary-general between 2010 and 2018. During the first administration of President Sebastián Piñera, he had a stint as undersecretary of Investigations. He was proclaimed by the PRI party as their candidate on 29 December 2020.[34] On 23 January 2021 his own party, RN, chose him as their contender for the Chile Vamos primary race after winning nearly 73% of the vote of the General Council.[35]
  • Joaquín Lavín (UDI): Lavín studied economics at the University of Chicago. He was a presidential candidate in the 1999 and 2005 elections. He was also an economic appraiser of the neoliberal policies of Chile's military dictatorship. As mayor of Las Condes he actively promoted social housing programs for the poor and social integration with the rest of the cities, as well as enlarged use of technology in law enforcement and moderate social policies.[36] He appeared as the candidate with the most support in most opinion polls.[37][38][39][40]

Did not run[]

  • Evelyn Matthei (UDI): Matthei is a right-wing politician. She studied at the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile. In 1993 she was the target of a scheme by Sebastián Piñera to prevent her from becoming a candidate for the presidency that year.[41] She was a senator[42] and candidate in Chile's presidential elections in 2013, losing to Michelle Bachelet, the Socialist candidate. She dropped out of the race on 17 May 2021, a day after being re-elected as mayor of Providencia.[43]

New Social Pact[]

Nuevo Pacto Social full.png
New Social Pact
Yasna Provoste
(Christian Democratic Party)
Yasna Provoste Campillai (2021) (cropped).jpg
Senator for Atacama
(since 2018)
President of the Senate
(2021)

The New Social Pact center-left coalition (formerly Constituent Unity) held a primary on 21 August 2021, which was won by Christian Democrat Senator Yasna Provoste by over 60% of the vote, with a turnout of around 150,000.[44] They failed to reach an agreement to participate in the national publicly-funded primaries on 18 July 2021.[45] Both Paula Narváez and Carlos Maldonado —the other primary candidates— had urged the need for a primary to define a sole coalition candidate.[46][47] Provoste said on 30 May 2021 that she is available to compete if her party deems it necessary.[48] On 23 July 2021 she officially launched her candidacy during a ceremony in her native city of Vallenar, in northern Chile.[49] She was proclaimed by the Christian Democratic Party as its candidate on 17 August 2021.[50]

Defeated in primary[]

  • Carlos Maldonado (PR): The former minister of Justice and current president of the Radical Party was proclaimed as presidential candidate on 23 December 2020.[51] On 20 May 2021 he announced he would go straight to the November election.[52] On July 3, 2021, he backtracked on his decision and declared himself available to compete in a possible coalition primary.[53]
  • Paula Narváez (PS): The former minister was proclaimed by the Socialist Party's Central Committee as its presidential candidate on 28 January 2021 in a unanimous vote.[54] Her candidacy emerged after a December 2020 Change.org petition made by female members of the PS asking Narváez to become the party's candidate was signed by former president Michelle Bachelet.[55] In January 2021 both senator José Miguel Insulza and PS president Álvaro Elizalde dropped out of the race.[56] On 5 June 2021 the PPD officially proclaimed her as its candidate.[57]

Dropped out[]

  • Heraldo Muñoz (PPD): The current president of the PPD and former minister of Foreign Affairs became the PPD candidate after beating former minister of Interior and spokesperson Francisco Vidal and former deputy for District 39 and ambassador Jorge Tarud by 54% of the vote in a primary held on 31 January 2021.[58] On 19 May 2021 he dropped out of the race and lent his support to Narváez.[59]
  • Ximena Rincón (PDC): The current senator was proclaimed as the Christian Democratic Party's candidate for president after she beat former mayor and minister Alberto Undurraga in a primary held on 24 January 2021. She won by 57% of the vote.[60] She officially dropped out of the race on 2 June 2021.[61]
  • Pablo Vidal (independent politician): The deputy quit the Democratic Revolution party in December 2020 and founded the New Deal (Nuevo Trato) political platform.[62] On 13 April 2021, he was proclaimed as presidential candidate by the Liberal Party and New Deal.[63] On 19 May 2021 he dropped out of the race and lent his support to Narváez.[64]

Christian Social Front[]

Frente Social Cristiano.svg
Christian Social Front
José Antonio Kast
(Chilean Republican Party)
José Antonio Kast (2009) 4x3 cropped.jpg
Deputy for La Reina and Peñalolén
(2002–2018)

In May 2021, José Antonio Kast discarded the idea of making a presidential primary together with Chile Vamos.[65][66][67] Then, on 6 August 2021, the Christian Conservative Party together with the Republican Party and other independents registered with the Chilean Electoral Service the pact Christian Social Front for the parliamentary elections of November.[68][69] Kast officially registered his candidacy before the Electoral Service on 19 August 2021.[70][71]

Other candidates[]

  • Eduardo Artés (UP): The current president of the UP was confirmed by his party as its presidential candidate in June 2021.[72]
  • Marco Enríquez-Ominami (PRO): In February 2021, his party asked the three-time presidential candidate to be once again their contender for the November 2021 election.[73] On 23 July PRO's president, Camilo Lagos, said they would either participate in a primary or present a candidate directly to the November election. If their preferred choice, Enríquez-Ominami, was unable to run due legal restrictions, he stated that they would support senator Alejandro Guillier as their candidate.[74] On 26 July 2021 the PRO declared they would not participate in the Constituent Unity primary to take place on 21 August 2021.[75] On 4 September 2021 a regional electoral tribunal (TER) ordered his name to be removed from the electoral roll, thus disqualifying him from seeking office.[76] However, he appealed successfully to the Election Certification Board (Tricel).[77]
  • Franco Parisi (PDG): Parisi is an economist who ran for president in 2013, gaining 10% of the vote. He registered his candidacy for president on 23 August 2021.[78]

Rejected[]

  • (independent): Ancalao is a Mapuche activist. He was proclaimed on 20 August 2021 by the List of the People, a leftist movement, after he garnered more endorsements from independent electors at the Electoral Service's online platform than the other two candidates in competition, Soledad Mella and Ingrid Conejeros, between 12 and 19 August 2021.[79][80] The Electoral Service, though, rejected his candidacy on 26 August 2021 on the grounds he did not provide the required minimum number of endorsements from independent electors.[81]
  • (independent): Lorenzini is an economist and entrepreneur. He registered his candidacy for president on 23 August 2021, presenting over 42 thousand endorsements from independent electors, more than the minimum required by law.[82] However, the Electoral Service rejected his candidacy on 26 August 2021 because the law requires independent candidates to hold their status as independent for up to a year before the election, and he was part of the Party of the People during some of that time.[81]

Declined to be candidates[]

  • Pamela Jiles (PH): Jiles is a journalist,[83] television personality and leftist politician. She pursues her political career as deputy for District 12 in the Santiago Metropolitan Region. She comes from a family of communists and has praised Fidel Castro.[84] She appeared as a potential presidential candidate with the most support in just one opinion poll.[37] After her partner lost the Santiago governor race in May 2021, she withdrew her name from consideration.[85]
  • Izkia Siches (independent): Siches is a physician who has served as president of the Chilean Medical College since 2017.[86] A self-described feminist[87] and past member of the Communist Youth,[88] Siches became nationally known during the COVID-19 pandemic for her criticisms of the government's handling of public health measures.[89] Her high approval ratings during the pandemic[90] led to speculation she would run for president, but she ultimately declined.[91][86]
  • (PNC): In June 2021, the National Citizen Party had announced its intention to bring its president René Rubeska as presidential candidate.[92] However, the party was unable to gather the necessary signatures to register his candidacy.

Debates[]

Media outlet and date Location Moderators  P  Present  S  Substitute  A  Absent  NI  Not invited
Boric Kast Provoste Sichel Artés ME-O Parisi
CNN Chile-Chilevisión
22 September 2021[93] 		Santiago Metropolitan Region Mónica Rincón
Daniel Matamala 		P P P P P A A
La Tercera
Confederation of Production and Commerce
24 September 2021[94] 		Santiago Metropolitan Region María José O'Shea
Juan Sutil Servoin 		A P P P A A A
TVN-24 Horas
Canal 13
Mega-Mega Plus
11 October 2021[95] 		Santiago Metropolitan Region Matías del Río

Mónica Pérez

Juan Manuel Astorga

P P P P P P A
Chilean Radio Broadcasters Association (Archi)
15 October 2021[96] 		Santiago Metropolitan Region Jessika Casteñeda

Cony Stipicic
Carolina Urrejola
Verónica Franco
Nicolás Vergara

P P P P P P A
La Red

Escenarios Hídricos 2030
Fundación Chile
Fundación Avina
Fundación Futuro Latinoamericano
21 October 2021[97]

Santiago Metropolitan Region
(Candidates remotely) 		Julia Vial P A P P A P P
University of Chile Debate 2021

(University of Chile, Radio Cooperativa, Radio UChile, UChile TV)
1 November 2021[98]

Santiago Metropolitan Region Ennio Vivaldi

Sergio Campos
Yasna Lewin
Paula Molina
Jennifer Abate
Rodrigo Vergara
Antonella Estévez
Patricio López

P A P P P P A
Debate Es Turno del Planeta

(Canal 13, El Desconcierto, Cobertura, CON-CIENCIA, Escazu Ahora Chile, Portada Soñada)
5 November 2021[99]

Santiago Metropolitan Region
(Candidates remotely) 		Felipe Gerdtzen

Andrea Obaid

P A P P P P P
Encuentro Nacional de la Empresa

11 November 2021[100]

Santiago Metropolitan Region Soledad Onetto P P P P A P A
National Television Association (ANATEL)
15 November 2021[101] 		Santiago Metropolitan Region Ivan Valenzuela
Constanza Santa María
Juan Manuel Astorga
 P P P P P P A

Endorsements[]

After the first round, candidates Sichel and Parisi endorsed Kast.[102]

Boric was endorsed by Enríquez-Ominami and Provoste.[103] Former President Michelle Bachelet returned to Chile from her role as UN Human Rights High Commissioner to formally endorse Boric.[104]

On 9 December, parliamentarians and public figures from over 15 countries signed a statement endorsing Boric.[105]

Gabriel Boric (CS)
Executive officials
  • Michelle Bachelet, United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and former President of Chile[104]
  • Ricardo Lagos, former President of Chile[106]
National officials
  • Karol Cariola, Member of the Chamber of Deputies of Chile[107]
  • Marco Enríquez-Ominami, former Member of the Chamber of Deputies of Chile; former presidential candidate[103]
  • Yasna Provoste, President of the Senate of Chile; former presidential candidate[103]
Local officials
Individuals
  • Jorge Baradit, Chilean writer[111]
  • Laurent Binet, French writer[111]
  • Alfredo Castro, Chilean actor[111]
  • Noam Chomsky, American linguist and activist[105]
  • Costa-Gavras, Greek-French film director[111]
  • Ricardo Ffrench-Davis, Chilean economist[112]
  • León Gieco, Argentine singer-songwriter[113]
  • Stephany Griffith-Jones, Chilean-British economist[114]
  • Srećko Horvat, Croatian philosopher[105]
  • Illapu, Chilean folk band[109]
  • Nicolas Jaar, American artist[105]
  • Naomi Klein, Canadian author[105]
  • Denisse Malebrán, Chilean singer[111]
  • Toni Negri, Italian activist and philosopher[111]
  • Avi Lewis, Canadian author and activist[105]
  • Daniela Pardo, Chilean footballer[115]
  • Isabel Parra, Chilean musician[111]
  • Pedro Pascal, Chilean-American actor[116]
  • Roger Waters, British singer and bassist of Pink Floyd[117]
  • Vijay Prashad, Indian author and activist[105]
  • Ahdaf Soueif, Egyptian author and activist[105]
  • Ana Tijoux, Chilean musician[109]
  • Alejandro Zambra, Chilean writer[111]
  • Slavoj Zizek, Slovenian philosopher[105]
International politicians
Organizations
  • Democratic Socialists of America[109]
José Antonio Kast (PLR)
Executive officials
Individuals
International politicians
  • Mario Vargas Llosa, 1st Marquis of Vargas Llosa, Spanish-Peruvian writer, politician and Nobel Prize winner.[124]
  • Eduardo Bolsonaro, member of Chamber of Deputies of Brazil and son of Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro[125]
  • Filip Dewinter, Member of the Flemish Parliament[126]
Parties and orgnanisations

Opinion polls[]

Main article: Opinion polling for the 2021 Chilean presidential election

First round[]

Results considering only official candidates (excluding "Other", "Don't know", "Do not vote", etc.) and general voters, excluding polls showing likely voters or non-national samples.

Second round[]

Results considering only official candidates (excluding "Other", "Don't know", "Do not vote", etc.) and general voters, excluding polls only with likely voters. Average of polls every 3 days.

Public transport inefficiency[]

On the day of the second round on 19 December, voters at bus stops in rural parts of the country, and large municipalities in the Santiago Metropolitan Region, such as Puente Alto, San Bernardo, and Maipú, waited hours for public bus services in the blazing sun to reach their polling stations, due to a shortage of public bus services available on that day.

Soon after these reports came in, local authorities and citizens in these municipalities took to social media to show Red Metropolitana de Movilidad bus terminals and parking decks full of unused city buses. This led to speculation that the incumbent government was suppressing voters by reducing bus services to prevent them from casting their votes. Apparently, most complaints of delays came from neighborhoods where Gabriel Boric had stronger levels of support.

Leading figures from Boric's campaign, such as Izkia Siches cried foul, accusing the government of trying to help Kast win the election. Boric said "the government has a responsibility" to solve the problem to allow voters to be ferried to vote with the unused buses. The elections authority Servel expressed similar concerns to Transport Minister Gloria Hutt.[129]

The government spokesman Jaime Bellolio called the Boric campaign's claim as a "blatant lie", and denied that the government was suppressing voters, claiming that there were between 5,000 and 6,000 buses running in the Metropolitan Region. However, this was contradicted by transport authorities, which stated that only 3,000 buses were operating. The transport authority however, also stressed that the number of buses was 55 percent more than a usual Sunday and between 3 percent or 4 percent greater than on the first round of election in November.[130]

A Transantiago bus driver claimed that only 40 percent of the bus drivers available were driving that day, despite statements from the government that they were operating buses on a normal work schedule. As a result, carpools were organized through social media, while private services like Uber and Cabify offered ride discounts for voters to travel to polling stations.[131]

In the evening, just before polls closed, Transport Minister Gloria Hutt apologized, acknowledging the government was slow to react to the situation and blamed the delays on road work and traffic, but denied that the government was engaging in voter suppression.[131]

Results[]

President[]

Turnout for the second round rose by 1.2 million from the first round, and from 47.3% in the first round to 55.6%, the highest level for any Chilean election since voting ceased to be compulsory in 2012.[132]

Gabriel Boric won the election with 55.9% of the vote and is set to become the youngest president in Chile's history and second youngest state leader in the world.[133][134]

A post-election survey showed that despite their endorsement of Kast, 59% of Parisi's voters and 23% of Sichel's voters voted for Boric, while 82% of Yasna Provoste's supporters, 83% of Marco Enríquez-Ominami's supporters, and 92% of Eduardo Artés's supporters voted for Boric.[135]

CandidatePartyFirst roundSecond round
Votes%Votes%
Gabriel BoricApruebo Dignidad (CS)1,815,02425.824,620,89055.87
José Antonio KastChristian Social Front (PLR)1,961,77927.913,650,08844.13
Franco ParisiParty of the People900,06412.81
Sebastián SichelChile Podemos Más898,63512.79
Yasna ProvosteNew Social Pact (PDC)815,56311.60
Marco Enríquez-OminamiProgressive Party534,3837.60
Eduardo ArtésPatriotic Union (PC-AP)102,8971.46
Total7,028,345100.008,270,978100.00
Valid votes7,028,34598.798,270,97898.89
Invalid votes55,4800.7868,8020.82
Blank votes30,4930.4324,1300.29
Total votes7,114,318100.008,363,910100.00
Registered voters/turnout15,030,97447.3315,030,97455.64
Source: Election Certification Court (final first round results), Servel (final second round results)
First round
Kast
 
 27.91%
Boric
 
 25.82%
Parisi
 
 12.81%
Sichel
 
 12.79%
Provoste
 
 11.60%
Enríquez-Ominami
 
 7.60%
Artés
 
 1.46%
Second round
Boric
 
 55.87%
Kast
 
 44.13%

Chamber of Deputies[]

Summary of 21 November 2021 Chamber of Deputies election results
Chile Chamber by parties 2021.svg

Distribution by parties

Chile Chamber 2021.svg

Distribution by coalitions

Electoral pact/party Votes % ± Candidates Seats ± % seats ±
AA. Chile Podemos Más (ChP+)[c] 1,609,482 25.43 Decrease 13.58 181 53 Decrease 19 34.19 Decrease 12.26
    Political Evolution (Evópoli) 221,284 3.50 Decrease 0,76 29 4 Decrease 2 2.58 Decrease 1.29
    Democratic Independent Regionalist Party (PRI) 23,222 0.37 Decrease 0.63 11 1 Increase 1 0.65 Decrease 0.65
    National Renewal (RN) 693,474 10.96 Decrease 6.83 70 25 Decrease 11 16.13 Decrease 7.10
    Independent Democratic Union (UDI) 671,502 10.61 Decrease 5.35 71 23 Decrease 7 14.84 Decrease 4.52
AB. Party of the People (PDG) 534,881 8.45 New 148 6 New 3.87 New
AE. Revolutionary Workers Party (PTR) 51,075 0.81 Increase 0.73 43 0 Steady 0 0.00 Steady 0.00
AH. New Social Pact (NPS)[d] 1,085,978 17.16 Decrease 13.92 172 37 Decrease 14 23.87 Decrease 9.03
    Citizens (CIU) 27,502 0.43 Decrease 0.13 9 1 Increase 1 0.65 Increase 0.65
    Christian Democratic Party (PDC) 264,985 4.19 Decrease 6.09 42 8 Decrease 6 5.16 Decrease 3.87
    Liberal Party of Chile (PL) 96,010 1.52 Increase 0.74 17 4 Increase 2 2.58 Increase 1.29
    Party for Democracy (PPD) 242,927 3.48 Decrease 2.26 33 7 Decrease 1 4.52 Decrease 0.65
    Radical Party of Chile (PR) 111,117 1.76 Decrease 1.85 28 4 Decrease 4 2.58 Decrease 2.58
    Socialist Party of Chile (PS) 343,437 5.43 Decrease 4.32 43 13 Decrease 6 8.39 Decrease 3.87
AL. Green Ecologist Party of Chile (PEV) 305,443 4.83 Increase 2.68 77 2 Increase 1 1.29 Increase 0.65
AM. Patriotic Union (UPa) 56,506 0.89 Increase 0.03 55 0 Steady 0 0.00 Steady 0.00
AN. Dignidad Ahora (DA) 322,915 5.10 Decrease 1.29 130 3 Decrease 3 1.94 Decrease 1.94
    Equality Party (PI) 127,506 2.01 Decrease 0.15 62 0 Decrease 1 0.00 Decrease 0.65
    Humanist Party of Chile (PH) 195,409 3.09 Decrease 1.14 68 3 Decrease 2 1.94 Decrease 1.29
AP. Christian Social Front (FSC) 707,286 11.18 New 157 15 New 9.68 New
    Christian Conservative Party (CC) 40,560 0.64 New 17 1 New 0.65 New
    Republican Party (PLR) 666,726 10.54 New 140 14 New 9.03 New
AR. Apruebo Dignidad (AD) 1,325,232 20.94 Increase 7.60 177 37 Increase 14 23.87 Increase 9.03
    Commons (Comunes) 207,607 3.84 Increase 1.82 24 6 Increase 5 3.87 Increase 3.32
    Social Convergence (CS)[e] 287,190 4.54 Increase 4.54 30 9 New 5.81 New
    Social Green Regionalist Federation (FREVS) 107,696 1.70 Increase 0.12 30 2 Decrease 2 1.29 Decrease 1.29
    Communist Party of Chile (PCCh) 464,885 7.35 Increase 2.77 54 12 Increase 4 7.74 Increase 2.58
    Democratic Revolution (RD) 257,854 4.07 Decrease 1.65 39 8 Decrease 2 5.16 Decrease 1.29
AT. New Time (NT) 4,420 0.07 New 5 0 New 0 New
AW. United Independents (IU) 187,396 2.96 New 79 1 New .65 New
    United Centre (CU) 177,105 2.80 New 70 1 New .65 New
    National Citizen Party (PNC) 10,291 0.16 New 9 0 New 0 New
AY. Progressive Party of Chile (PRO) 46,422 0.73 Decrease 3.60 24 0 Decrease 1 0.00 Decrease 0.65
Independent candidates 90,960 1.44 Decrease 0.31 8 1 Steady 0 0.65 Steady 0.00
Valid votes 6,327,996 89.48
Null votes 339,470 4.80
Blank votes 404,762 5.72
Total votes 7,056,618 100.00
Registered voters/turnout 15,030,963 46.95
Source: Servicio Electoral de Chile. (99.98%)
  1. ^ It will be the last opportunity in which the regional boards members are elected together with the presidential and parliamentary elections, since from the next election, scheduled for October 2024, they will be elected together with the mayors, councilors and regional governors, being the first election of the latter in April 2021. Therefore, the term of the regional boards members elected in 2021 will last just under three years, between March 11, 2022 and January 6, 2025.
  2. ^ The combined left coalition, including Apruebo Dignidad, New Social Pact, Dignidad Ahora and the Green Ecologist Party had 79 deputies and 24 senators.[3] The combined right coalition, including Chile Podemos Más and the Republican Party had 68 deputies and 25 senators. Eight deputies and two senators are not considered part of any coalition.
  3. ^ Compared with the 2017 results of Chile Vamos.
  4. ^ Compared with the sum of the member parties' results in the 2017 election.
  5. ^ Social Convergence was founded in 2018, including several deputies that run originally as part of the Humanist Party and Democratic Revolution. At the time of the election, Social Convergence had 4 deputies.
Popular vote
ChP+
 
 25.37%
AD
 
 20.86%
NPS
 
 17.27%
FSC
 
 11.18%
PDG
 
 8.50%
DA
 
 5.10%
PEV
 
 4.78%
IU
 
 2.97%
Others
 
 3.97%


Seats summary
ChP+
 
 34.19%
AD
 
 23.87%
NPS
 
 23.87%
FSC
 
 9.68%
PDG
 
 3.87%
DA
 
 1.94%
PEV
 
 1.29%
IU
 
 0.65%
Independents
 
 0.65%

Senate[]

Summary of 21 November 2021 Senate election results
Senado de Chile elección 2021.svg

Distribution by parties

Chile Senate 2021.svg

Distribution by coalitions

↓
5
Ap. Dignidad 		18
New Social Pact 		2
Ind 		24
Chile Podemos Más 		1
FSC
Electoral pact/party 2021 election results[i] Distribution of seats
Votes % ± Candidates Elected ± 2018–24[ii] Total[iii] % ±[iv]
AA. Chile Podemos Más (ChP+) 1,297,686 27.86 Decrease 10.19 36 12 Increase 5 12 24 48.00 Increase 3.81
    Political Evolution (Evópoli)[a] 368,024 7.90 New 5 2 Increase 2 2 3 6.00 Increase 1.35
    Democratic Independent Regionalist Party (PRI) 25,297 0.54 New 4 0 New 0 0 0.00 Steady 0.00
    National Renewal (RN)[a] 549,553 11.80 Decrease 4.47 11 5 Increase 3 6 12 22.00 Increase 5.40
    Independent Democratic Union (UDI) 354,812 7.62 Decrease 7.07 16 5 Steady 0 4 9 18.00 Decrease 2.93
AB. Party of the People (PDG) 378,378 8.12 New 30 0 New New 0 0.00 New
AE. Revolutionary Workers Party (PTR) 4,802 0.10 New 2 0 New 0 0 0.00 Steady 0.00
AH. New Social Pact (NPS)[b] 726,363 15.59 Decrease 34.90 30 8 Decrease 4 10 18 36.00 Decrease 12.83
    Christian Democratic Party (PDC) 214,180 4.60 Decrease 11.91 11 2 Decrease 1 3 5 10.00 Decrease 3.95
    Liberal Party of Chile (PL) 28,082 0.60 New 2 0 New 0 0 0.00 Steady 0.00
    Party for Democracy (PPD) 111,910 2.40 Decrease 11.93 5 2 Decrease 1 4 6 12.00 Decrease 4.28
    Radical Party of Chile (PR) 58,077 1.25 Increase 1.25 3 0 0 0 0 0.00 Steady 0.00
    Socialist Party of Chile (PS) 314,114 6.74 Decrease 10.62 9 4 Steady 0 3 7 14.00 Decrease 2.28
AL. Green Ecologist Party of Chile (PEV) 198,710 4.27 Increase 4.05 7 0 Steady 0 0 0 0.00 Steady 0.00
AM. Patriotic Union (UPa) 41,155 0.88 New 5 0 New 0 0 0.00 Steady 0.00
AN. Dignidad Ahora (DA) 98,701 2.12 Decrease 2.19 12 0 Steady 0 0 0 0.00 Steady 0.00
    Equality Party (PI) 82,785 1.78 Increase 0.21 9 0 Steady 0 0 0 0.00 Steady 0.00
    Humanist Party of Chile (PH) 15,916 0.34 Decrease 3.15 3 0 Steady 0 0 0 0.00 Steady 0.00
AP. Christian Social Front (FSC) 401,567 8.62 New 10 1 New New 1 2.00 New
    Christian Conservative Party (CC) 65,262 1.40 New 4 0 New New 0 0.00 New
    Republican Party (PLR) 336,305 7.22 New 6 1 New New 1 2.00 New
AR. Apruebo Dignidad (AD)[c] 911,716 19.58 Increase 19.44 29 4 Increase 4 1 5 10.00 Increase 9.00
    Commons (Comunes) 172,054 3.69 New 4 0 New 0 0 0.00 Steady 0.00
    Social Convergence (CS) 59,489 1.28 New 5 0 New New 0 0.00 New
    Social Green Regionalist Federation (FREVS) 188,308 4.04 New 6 2 New 0 2 4.00 Increase 4.00
    Communist Party of Chile (PCCh) 335,709 7.21 Increase 7.07 8 2 Increase 2 0 2 4.00 Increase 4.00
    Democratic Revolution (RD) 156,256 3.35 New 6 0 New 1 1 2.00 Steady 0.00
AW. United Independents (IU) 165,308 3.55 New 10 0 New New 0 0.00 New
    United Centre (CU) 158,134 3.39 New 8 0 New New 0 0.00 New
    National Citizen Party (PNC) 7,174 0.15 New 2 0 New New 0 0.00 New
Independent candidates 433,448 9.31 Increase 7.79 2 2 Increase 1 0 2 4.00 Increase 2.33
Valid votes 4,657,934 90.99
Null votes 227,995 4.45
Blank votes 233,086 4.55
Total votes 5,119,015 100.00
Registered voters/turnout 15,030,963 34.06
Source: Servicio Electoral de Chile.
  1. ^ Results compared with the 2013 Senate elections.
  2. ^ 23 seats were assigned after the 2017 Senate elections for the period 2018–2024. Distribution by parties and pacts at the moment of the 2017 election.
  3. ^ Total number of senators for the 2022–2024 period, including both classes of senators. Distribution by parties and pacts at the moment of the 2021 election.
  4. ^ Change in the percentage of seats in the Senate after the 2021 election. According to the 2015 constitutional reform, the number of seats will increase from 38 to 43 in 2017, and 50 in 2021.

Regional Boards[]

Note: Provisional results, including 99.97% of ballot boxes.
Electoral pact/party Votes % Candidates Seats
Party of the People 474,132 7.73% 195 22
Ecologists and independents 315,682 5.15% 96 6
    Ecologists and independents 315,682 5.15% 96 6
Chile Vamos UDI – independents 680,283 11.09% 263 43
Let's Humanize Chile 106,790 1.74% 112 0
Constituent Unity 592,449 9.66% 273 42
    PS and independents 358,207 5.84% 142 23
    PPD and independents 234,242 3.82% 131 19
Chile Vamos – PRI and independents 144,028 2.35% 147 3
Citizen Democracy 519,971 8.48% 262 36
    Christian Democratic Party and independents 489,894 7.99% 242 36
    Citizens and independent 30,077 0.49% 20 0
Working Class Unity Front 36,706 0.60% 15 0
Patriotic Union 41,344 0.67% 35 0
For a Dignified Chile 550,430 8.97% 245 24
    Communist Party and independents 448,137 7.30% 182 21
    Equality for Chile 102,293 1.67% 63 3
Chile Vamos Evópoli – independents 274,072 4.47% 194 11
Progressive Radical Change 254,582 4.15% 232 12
    PR and independents 173,882 2.83% 156 11
    PRO and independents 80,700 1.32% 76 1
New Time 1,160 0.02% 3 0
Chile Vamos National Renewal – independents 702,607 11.45% 275 53
Broad Front 572,141 9.33% 204 25
    Social Convergence and independents 217,259 3.54% 58 10
    Democratic Revolution and independents 250,324 4.08% 88 12
    Liberal Party of Chile and independents 9,414 0.15% 9 0
    Commons and independents 95,144 1.55% 49 3
United Independents 79,251 1.29% 52 0
Green Regionalists and independents 232,144 3.78% 173 7
Christian Conservative Party and independents 21,338 0.35% 21 0
Republicans and independents 470,514 7.67% 178 15
Independent candidacies 65,510 1.07% 16 3
Valid votes 6,135,134 100.00% 2,991 302
Null votes 381,731 5.41%
Blank votes 544,849 7.72%
Total votes 7,061,714 100.00%
Source: Servicio Electoral de Chile.

Aftermath[]

Gabriel Boric's victory celebration in the Alameda.

On 19 December 2021, shortly after the preliminary results of the second round were publicized, Kast conceded defeat and congratulated Boric through a tweet saying "I have just talked to Gabriel Boric and have congratulated him for his big triumph. From now on he is the president-elect of Chile and deserves all of our respect and constructive collaboration. Chile is always first".[136] Later that day, Kast visited Boric at the latter's campaign headquarters in central Santiago.[137] Boric thanked Kast during his victory speech, saying "we must build bridges for our compatriots to live better, because that is the people of Chile's demand".[138]

Outgoing president Sebastián Piñera had a video call with president-elect Boric, which was broadcast live on TV and radio, complying with one of the country's electoral traditions since the transition to democracy.[139] During their conversation, Piñera congratulated Boric and said "when we divide [our country] in wars between ourselves, things always go wrong. We all hope you make a very good government for Chile and the Chileans and I am sure you will do your best". Boric said "I am going to be the President of all Chileans, because I believe it is important to interpret everyone and agreements should be between all of the people and not inside four walls".[140]

Boric was also congratulated by President of the Constitutional Convention, Elisa Loncón.[141][142] The leader of Coordinadora Arauco-Malleco,  [es], dismissed Boric as being together with Kast "two faces of the same coin" and warned that Boric will maintain "the colonial-format capitalist system". Llaitul pledged to continue "the path of revolutionary autonomism".[143]

International reaction[]

Among international leaders who congratulated Boric are President of Argentina Alberto Fernández,[144] Vice President Cristina Kirchner,[144] President of Bolivia Luis Arce,[145][146] President of the Chamber of Senators of Bolivia Andrónico Rodríguez,[147] former President of Brazil Lula Da Silva,[148] President of Colombia Iván Duque,[149] President of Costa Rica Carlos Alvarado,[150] President of Ecuador Guillermo Lasso,[151] Prime Minister of Spain Pedro Sánchez,[152] US Secretary of State Antony Blinken,[153] Minister for Europe and Foreign Affairs of France Jean-Yves Le Drian, Mayor of Paris Anne Hidalgo, President of Mexico Andrés Manuel López Obrador and his Foreign Secretary Marcelo Ebrard,[154] President of Peru Pedro Castillo,[155] President of Uruguay Luis Lacalle Pou,[156] President of Venezuela Nicolás Maduro,[157] and opposition leaders of Venezuela Juan Guaidó and Henrique Capriles.[158] The European Union, via its High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy Josep Borrell, also congratulated Boric on his victory in the second round and pointed to "strengthening" relations with the Chilean government.[159]

President of Brazil Jair Bolsonaro had a late and cold reaction to Boric's election. He pointed out that "half of the population abstained" in the election, and referred to Boric as "that Boric".[160][d] Boric responded to Bolsonaro's comments by stating that "clearly we are very different".[161] Bolsonaro's son Eduardo, who had supported Kast, had a harsher reaction, stating that Chile was set on a path similar to Maduro's Venezuela with Boric. He mentioned the –8% drop that occurred in the Santiago Stock Exchange following the election and linked Boric to the violence that erupted in Chile in 2019.[160]

President of the United States Joe Biden had a phone conversation with president-elect Boric on 30 December,[162] on which Biden congratulated Boric for his victory. In a press statement published by the White House,[163] it is reported that Biden "applauded Chile's free and fair elections as a powerful example to the region and the world", and also underscored the cooperation between Chile and the U.S. to "promote a green and equitable recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and to address the existential threat posed by climate change". Biden also sent through the president-elect his condolences for the death of 14-year old Valentina Orellana-Peralta, who was killed in a police shootout at Los Angeles, California on 23 December. Boric later posted on his Twitter account about the conversation he had with President Biden, stating that "In addition to the shared joy for our respective electoral victories, we talked about common challenges such as fair trade, climate crisis and strengthening democracy. We will continue to talk."[164]

Parliamentary results[]

Due to the low results in the parliamentary election, 12 political parties were dissolved by the Electoral Service: Christian Conservative Party (1 deputy), Citizens (1), Democratic Independent Regionalist Party (1), Equality Party, Green Ecological Party (2), Humanist Party (3), Progressive Party, National Citizen Party, New Time, Patriotic Union, Revolutionary Workers Party and United Centre (1).[165] 9 deputies became independent politicians before joining the new Congress.

Notes[]

  1. ^ a b In the 2017 elections, Evopoli got two senators. However, senator resigned from the party in 2019 and sat as an independent within the National Renewal group.
  2. ^ Compared with the 2013 results of Nueva Mayoría excluding the Communist Party.
  3. ^ Compared to the 2013 results of the Communist Party (at the time, part of Nueva Mayoría).
  4. ^ Prior to his election, Boric had criticized Bolsonaro's positions on the military dictatorship in Brazil (1964–1985) and called him "a danger for the environment and for humanity". Bolsonaro has made it a custom to react late to the election of left-wing presidents in the region, as he did with Alberto Fernández in Argentina.[160]

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