Lists of earthquakes
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Earthquakes are caused by movements within the Earth's crust and uppermost mantle. They range from events too weak to be detectable except by sensitive instrumentation, to sudden and violent events lasting many minutes which have caused some of the greatest disasters in human history. Below, earthquakes are listed by period, region or country, year, magnitude, cost, fatalities and number of scientific studies.
Lists by period[]
- Before 1901
- 1901–2000
- 2001–present
Lists by country[]
- Afghanistan
- Albania
- Algeria
- Argentina
- Armenia
- Australia
- Azerbaijan
- Azores, autonomous region of Portugal
- Brazil
- Bulgaria
- Canada
- Chile
- China
- Colombia
- Costa Rica
- Croatia
- Cuba
- Cyprus
- DR. Congo
- Dominican Republic
- Ecuador
- Egypt
- El Salvador
- Eritrea
- Ethiopia
- Fiji
- Georgia (country)
- Germany
- Ghana
- Greece
- Guam
- Guatemala
- Haiti
- Iceland
- India
- Indonesia
- Iran
- Israel
- Italy
- Japan
- Jordan
- Kosovo
- Lebanon
- Malaysia
- Mexico
- Morocco
- Myanmar
- Nepal
- Netherlands
- New Zealand
- Nicaragua
- Pakistan
- Palestine
- Panama
- Papua New Guinea
- Peru
- Philippines
- Portugal
- Romania
- Russia
- Samoa
- Saudi Arabia
- Solomon Islands
- South Africa
- South Korea
- Spain
- Syria
- Taiwan
- Tajikistan
- Thailand
- Tonga
- Turkey
- United Kingdom
- United States
- Vanuatu
- Venezuela
- Yemen
Lists by region[]
- Caribbean
- Levant
- South Asia
Deadliest earthquakes by year[]
Year | Magnitude | Location | Depth | MMI | Notes | Event | Date |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2000 | 7.9 | ![]() |
44.0 | VI[1] | This earthquake killed at least 103 people and injured 2,585 others. | 2000 Enggano earthquake | June 4 |
2001 | 7.7 | ![]() |
16.0 | X | 20,085 people were killed, 166,800 people were injured and over a million buildings damaged or destroyed, this was the 3rd largest earthquake in India since 1900. | 2001 Gujarat earthquake | January 26 |
2002 | 7.4 & 6.1 | ![]() |
8.0 | VII | 1,166 people were killed and 200 people were injured. A 45 meter wide fissure opened in Xiker Reservoir in Xinjiang, China. | 2002 Hindu Kush earthquakes | March 3-25 |
2003 | 6.6 | ![]() |
10.0 | IX | 26,271 people were killed and 30,000 people were injured. The city of Bam was catastrophically impacted with many buildings, including the Bam Citadel completely destroyed. | 2003 Bam earthquake | December 26 |
2004 | 9.1 | ![]() |
30.0 | IX | This is the third largest earthquake in the world since 1900 and is the largest since the 1964 Alaska earthquake. In total, at least 227,898 people were killed, many more injured and 1,126,900 were displaced by the earthquake and subsequent tsunami in 14 countries in South Asia and East Africa. | 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake | |
2005 | 7.6 | ![]() |
15.0 | XI | At least 87,351 people killed, more than 138,000 injured and extensive damage in Pakistan and India. The heaviest damage occurred in the Muzaffarabad area, Pakistan where entire villages were destroyed. In addition, approximately 250,000 farm animals died due to the collapse of stone barns, and more than 500,000 large animals required immediate shelter from the harsh winter. | 2005 Kashmir earthquake | October 8 |
2006 | 6.4 | ![]() |
10.0 | IX | At least 28,903 people were killed, 137,883 were injured and as many as 779,287 people were displaced in the Bantul-Yogyakarta area.[2] More than 127,000 houses were destroyed and an additional 451,000 were damaged in the area, with the total loss estimated at approximately 3.1 billion U.S. dollars. | 2006 Yogyakarta earthquake | May 27 |
2007 | 8.0 | ![]() |
39.0 | IX | At least 519 people killed, 1,090 injured and more than 39,700 buildings damaged or destroyed. | 2007 Peru earthquake | August 15 |
2008 | 8.0 | ![]() |
19.0 | XI | At least 87,587 people killed, 374,643 injured and 18,392 missing and presumed dead. More than 45.5 million people in 10 provinces and regions were affected. At least 15 million people were evacuated from their homes and more than 5 million were left homeless. An estimated 5.36 million buildings collapsed and more than 21 million buildings were damaged. The total economic loss was estimated at 86 billion US dollars. | 2008 Sichuan earthquake | May 12 |
2009 | 7.6 | ![]() |
90.0 | VII[3] | At least 1,115 people killed, 2,181 injured, 181,665 buildings destroyed or damaged and about 451,000 people displaced in Padang. Damage estimated at 2.3 billion U.S. dollars. | 2009 Sumatra earthquake | September 30 |
2010 | 7.0 | ![]() |
13.0 | X | The earthquake killed between 92,000 and 316,000 people, and injured 300,000. With 1.3 million displaced, 97,294 houses were destroyed and 188,383 were damaged in the Port-au-Prince area and in much of southern Haiti. | 2010 Haiti earthquake | January 12 |
2011 | 9.1 | ![]() |
29.0 | IX | At least 19,747 people killed, 2,556 missing, 6,242 injured, 130,927 displaced and at least 332,395 buildings, 2,126 roads, 56 bridges and 26 railways destroyed or damaged by the earthquake and tsunami along the entire east coast of Honshu from Chiba to Aomori. | 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami | March 11 |
2012 | 6.4 | ![]() |
9.0 | VIII | At least 306 people killed, 3,037 injured, 4 villages destroyed and 60 heavily damaged in the epicentral area | 2012 East Azerbaijan earthquakes | August 11 |
2013 | 7.7 | ![]() |
15.0 | IX | At least 825 people killed, 700 people were injured and 21,000 houses destroyed or damaged in Balochistan | 2013 Balochistan earthquakes | September 24 |
2014 | 6.2 | ![]() |
10.0 | VIII | At least 729 people killed, 3,143 injured and 42,000 houses damaged or destroyed. | 2014 Ludian earthquake | August 3 |
2015 | 7.8 | ![]() |
8.2 | VIII[4] | At least 9,182 people killed, 25,482 injured, and 769,817 houses damaged or destroyed in Nepal in this earthquake and the M 7.3 aftershock on May 12. | April 2015 Nepal earthquake | April 25 |
2016 | 7.8 | ![]() |
20.6 | VIII[5] | At least 676 people killed, 27,732 injured and 7,000 buildings damaged or destroyed including most of the town of Pedernales and its surrounding urban areas. | 2016 Ecuador earthquake | April 16 |
2017 | 7.3 | ![]() ![]() |
19.0 | IX | At least 630 people killed, more than 8,100 injured, 70,000 displaced, 12,000 buildings destroyed and 15,000 buildings damaged. | 2017 Iran-Iraq earthquake | November 12 |
2018 | 7.5 | ![]() |
20.0 | X | At least 4,340 people killed, 10,679 and 1.5 million people displaced. most of the casualties and damage were caused by a tsunami up to 7 m (23 ft) in Donggala. There are unconfirmed reports that a tsunami up to 15 m (50 ft) was observed in Sigi Regency. | 2018 Sulawesi earthquake and tsunami | September 28 |
2019 | 6.4 | ![]() |
10.0 | VIII | At least 51 people killed, 3,000 people injured and many buildings damaged or destroyed. | 2019 Albania earthquake | November 26 |
2020 | 7.0 | ![]() |
21.0 | VIII | At least 119 people killed, 1,096 people were injured and a 6 meter (20 ft) high tsunami. Most of the casualties and damage occurred in Turkey | 2020 Aegean Sea earthquake | October 30 |
2021 | 7.2 | ![]() |
10.0 | IX | At least 2,248 people killed, 12,763 people were injured and 136,800 buildings destroyed in Les Cayes | 2021 Nippes earthquake | August 14 |
Largest earthquakes by year[]
Year | Magnitude | Location | Depth | MMI | Notes | Deaths | Injuries | Event | Date |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1950 | 8.6 | ![]() ![]() |
15.0 | XI | - | 4,800 | 0 | 1950 Assam-Tibet earthquake | August 15 |
1951 | 7.8 | ![]() |
30.0 | VII | This was the strongest earthquake in a sequence of events. | 85 | 1,200 | 1951 East Rift Valley earthquakes | November 24 |
1952 | 9.0 | ![]() |
21.6 | XI | The death toll from this earthquake and resulting tsunami may be as high as 17,000. | 2,336 | 0 | 1952 Severo-Kurilsk earthquake | November 4 |
1953 | 7.9 | ![]() |
25.0 | V | – | 1 | 0 | [6] | November 25 |
1954 | 7.8 | ![]() |
626.2 | IV | 0 | 0 | [7] | March 29 | |
1955 | 7.5 | ![]() |
15.0 | I | – | 0 | 0 | [8] | February 27 |
1956 | 7.7 | ![]() |
20.0 | IX | The earthquake triggered a 30 m (98 ft) high tsunami. | 56 | 0 | 1956 Amorgos earthquake | July 9 |
1957 | 8.6 | ![]() |
25.0 | VIII | A 10 meter high tsunami led to most of the damage. | 2 | 0 | 1957 Andreanof Islands earthquake | March 9 |
1958 | 8.3 | ![]() |
35.0 | IX[9] | – | 0 | 51 | [10] | November 6 |
1959 | 7.9 | ![]() |
55.0 | VIII | A tsunami up to 2 m (6 ft 7 in) high occurred in the Aleutian Islands. | 1 | 13 | 1959 Kamchatka earthquake | May 4 |
1960 | 9.5 | ![]() |
25.0 | XII | This is the most powerful earthquake recorded since 1900. A tsunami up to 25 m (82 ft) high occurred. | 6,000 | 11,000 | 1960 Valdivia earthquake | May 22 |
1961 | 7.6 | ![]() |
612.2 | IV | – | 0 | 0 | [11] | August 19 |
1962 | 7.5 | ![]() |
390.0 | I | – | 0 | 0 | [12] | May 21 |
1963 | 8.5 | ![]() |
35.0 | IX | – | 0 | 0 | 1963 Kuril Islands earthquake | October 13 |
1964 | 9.2 | ![]() |
25.0 | XI | Most of the deaths were caused by a tsunami, which was the largest earthquake-produced tsunami ever recorded at a height of 67.0 m (219.8 ft). This is the second most powerful earthquake in modern times and the most powerful in North America. | 131 | 0 | 1964 Alaska earthquake | March 28 |
1965 | 8.7 | ![]() |
30.3 | X[13] | A tsunami up to 10.7 m (35 ft) occurred, but caused little damage. This is the second most powerful earthquake in Alaska and the United States as a whole. | 0 | 0 | 1965 Rat Islands earthquake | February 4 |
1966 | 8.1 | ![]() |
38.0 | IX | A 3.4 m (11 ft) high tsunami occurred. | 125 | 3,000 | 1966 Peru earthquake | |
1967 | 7.4 | ![]() |
30.0 | X | – | 86 | 0 | 1967 Mudurnu earthquake | July 22 |
1968 | 8.3 | ![]() |
26.0 | VIII | A majority of the casualties were from a 6 m (20 ft) high tsunami. | 52 | 330 | 1968 Tokachi earthquake | May 16 |
1969 | 8.2 | ![]() |
30.0 | VIII | – | 0 | 0 | [14] | August 11 |
1970 | 8.0 | ![]() |
644.8 | IV | This was one of the most powerful deep-focus earthquakes ever recorded. | 1 | 4 | 1970 Colombia earthquake | July 31 |
1971 | 8.1 | ![]() |
37.0 | IX | An 8.0 event occurred 12 days earlier,[15] so this can be considered a doublet earthquake. | 3 | 5 | 1971 Solomon Islands earthquakes | July 26 |
1972 | 8.0 | ![]() |
60.0 | VII | – | 0 | 0 | [16] | December 2 |
1973 | 7.8 | ![]() |
43.3 | VIII | A 5.98 m (19.6 ft) high tsunami occurred. | 0 | 27 | 1973 Nemuro earthquake | June 17 |
1974 | 8.1 | ![]() |
13.0 | IX | – | 78 | 2,400 | 1974 Lima earthquake | October 3 |
1975 | 7.9 | ![]() |
49.0 | VIII | A 2 m (6 ft 7 in) high tsunami destroyed a few homes. | 0 | 0 | [17] | July 20 |
1976 | 8.0 | ![]() |
33.0 | VIII | Further casualties were caused by a 9 m (30 ft) high tsunami. | 8,000 | 10,000 | 1976 Moro Gulf earthquake | August 17 |
1977 | 8.3 | ![]() |
25.0 | VI | The earthquake was felt as far away as Albany in Australia. A 5.8 m (19 ft) high tsunami was also triggered. | 189 | 1,100 | 1977 Sumba earthquake | August 19 |
1978 | 7.7 | ![]() |
44.0 | VIII | 6,757 buildings destroyed or badly damaged. The earthquake also triggered a 60 cm (2.0 ft) high tsunami. | 28 | 1,325 | 1978 Miyagi earthquake | June 12 |
1979 | 8.2 | ![]() |
24.0 | IX | A tsunami up to 6 m (20 ft) high was triggered.[citation needed] | 600 | 0 | 1979 Tumaco earthquake | December 12 |
1980 | 7.9 | ![]() |
33.0 | VI | – | 0 | 0 | [18] | July 17 |
1981 | 7.7 | ![]() |
25.0 | VI | One person drowned in a 1 m (3 ft 3 in) high tsunami. | 1[19] | 0 | [20] | September 1 |
1982 | 7.3 | ![]() |
73.0 | VII | This event had similarities to the January 2001 El Salvador earthquake. | 43 | 0 | 1982 El Salvador earthquake | June 19 |
1983 | 7.6 | ![]() |
88.8 | VII | In areas close to the epicentre, landslides occurred and trees were uprooted, and a 25 cm (0.82 ft) high tsunami was observed off the coast. | 0 | 0 | [21] | March 18 |
1984 | 7.6 | ![]() |
18.1 | VIII | Some landslides occurred | 0 | 0 | [22] | February 7 |
1985 | 8.0 | ![]() |
27.9 | IX | At least 3,536 buildings damaged or destroyed. A 3.0 m (9.8 ft)-high tsunami was observed on the Mexican coast, although some estimates put the height at 30 m (98 ft)[23] | 10,000 | 30,000 | 1985 Mexico City earthquake | September 19 |
1986 | 8.0 | ![]() |
19.0 | VII | Minor damage was reported in areas near the epicenter. A tsunami with heights of 10 ft (3.0 m) struck Hawaii, more than 6,400 km (4,000 mi) away.[24] | 0 | 0 | [25] | May 7 |
1987 | 7.9 | ![]() |
10.0 | VI | Minor damage was reported in areas near the epicentre and a small tsunami was observed. | 0 | 0 | [26] | November 30 |
1988 | 7.7 | ![]() ![]() |
17.8 | X | Some damage was also reported in Myanmar. | 938 | 7,700 | 1988 Lancang–Gengma earthquakes | November 6 |
1989 | 8.0 | ![]() |
10.0 | V | – | 0 | 0 | [27] | May 23 |
1990 | 7.8 | ![]() |
24.4 | IX | – | 1,621 | 3,000 | 1990 Luzon earthquake | July 16 |
1991 | 7.7 | ![]() |
10.0 | IX | A 4 m (13 ft)-high tsunami was observed. | 127 | 759 | 1991 Limon earthquake | April 22 |
1992 | 7.8 | ![]() |
23.5 | VIII | A tsunami struck with heights of 25 m (82 ft). | 2,500 | 0 | 1992 Flores earthquake and tsunami | December 12 |
1993 | 7.8 | ![]() |
59.3 | IX | 71 people were injured and a tsunami up to 2.1 m (6 ft 11 in) was observed. | 0 | 71 | 1993 Guam earthquake | August 8 |
1994 | 8.3 | ![]() |
3.0 | IX | A 3.5 m (11 ft)-high tsunami was observed. | 12 | 1,742 | 1994 Kuril Islands earthquake | October 5 |
1995 | 8.0 | ![]() |
30.5 | VII | – | 3 | 59 | 1995 Antofagasta earthquake | July 30 |
1996 | 8.2 | ![]() |
11.5 | VIII | A 7 m (23 ft)-high tsunami occurred. | 166 | 423 | 1996 Biak earthquake | February 17 |
1997 | 7.7 | ![]() |
23.5 | VIII | An 8.2 m (27 ft)-high tsunami was observed. | 0 | 0 | 1997 Kamchatka earthquake | December 5 |
1998 | 8.1 | ![]() |
10.0 | VI | Believed to be the largest instrumentally recorded earthquake in this area to date. | 0 | 0 | 1998 Balleny Islands earthquake | March 25 |
1999 | 7.7 | ![]() |
15.5 | IX | At least 105,479 buildings damaged or destroyed. | 2,444 | 11,305 | 1999 Jiji earthquake | September 21 |
2000 | 8.0 | ![]() |
13.0 | VII | One person killed in a landslide, another from a heart attack. Two 7.8 Mw aftershocks occurred the following day. | 2 | 0 | 2000 New Ireland earthquakes | November 16 |
2001 | 8.4 | ![]() |
33.0 | VIII | At least 90 drowned in a 7 m (23 ft)-high tsunami. | 145 | 2,713 | 2001 southern Peru earthquake | June 23 |
2002 | 7.9 | ![]() |
4.2 | IX | It is the largest earthquake in Alaska in 16 years. | 0 | 1 | 2002 Denali earthquake | November 3 |
2003 | 8.3 | ![]() |
23.5 | IX | Two missing. A 4 m (13 ft)-high tsunami observed. | 0 | 849 | 2003 Tokachi earthquake | September 25 |
2004 | 9.1–9.3 | ![]() |
10.0 | IX | Majority of the deaths were from the associated tsunami that devastated parts of Southeast Asia and Western Africa with heights up to 51 m (167 ft) in Banda Aceh. | 227,898 | 125,000 | 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami | December 26 |
2005 | 8.6 | ![]() |
21.0 | IX | Ten fatalities in Sri Lanka due to evacuations. A 3 m (9.8 ft)-high tsunami damaged an airport. | 1,313 | 300 | 2005 Nias–Simeulue earthquake | March 28 |
2006 | 8.3 | ![]() |
10.0 | VI | 1 person injured when a tsunami struck with heights of 15 m (49 ft). | 0 | 1 | 2006 Kuril Islands earthquake | November 15 |
2007 | 8.4 | ![]() |
34.0 | VIII | A 3 m (9.8 ft) tsunami observed. | 23 | 0 | September 2007 Sumatra earthquakes | September 12 |
2008 | 8.0 Ms | ![]() |
19.0 | XI | – | 87,587 | 374,177 | 2008 Sichuan earthquake | May 12 |
2009 | 8.1 | ![]() |
18.0 | VII | A tsunami up to 14 m (46 ft) struck the Samoan coast. | 189 | 7 | 2009 Samoa earthquake and tsunami | September 29 |
2010 | 8.8 | ![]() |
22.9 | IX | A 10 m (33 ft) tsunami struck the Chilean coast. | 550 | 12,000 | 2010 Chile earthquake | February 27 |
2011 | 9.1 | ![]() |
29.0 | IX | A tsunami up to 40.5 m (133 ft) struck the Tohoku coast. | 19,747 | 6,000 | 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami | March 11 |
2012 | 8.6 | ![]() |
20.0 | VII | An 8.2 Mw aftershock occurred a few hours later. | 10 | 12 | 2012 Indian Ocean earthquakes | April 11 |
2013 | 8.3 | ![]() |
598.1 | VI | The quake was felt as far away as Moscow. | 0 | 0 | 2013 Okhotsk Sea earthquake | May 24 |
2014 | 8.2 | ![]() |
25.0 | VIII | – | 6 | 9 | 2014 Iquique earthquake | April 1 |
2015 | 8.3 | ![]() |
22.4 | IX | – | 21 | 34 | 2015 Illapel earthquake | September 16 |
2016 | 7.9 | ![]() |
94.5 | VII | – | 0 | 0 | 2016 Solomon Islands earthquakes#December 17 earthquake | December 17 |
2017 | 8.2 | ![]() |
47.4 | IX | – | 98 | 250 | 2017 Chiapas earthquake | September 8 |
2018 | 8.2 | ![]() |
600.0 | V | – | 0 | 0 | 2018 Fiji earthquake | August 19 |
2019 | 8.0 | ![]() |
122.6 | VIII | – | 2 | 0 | 2019 Peru earthquake | May 26 |
2020 | 7.8 | ![]() |
28.0 | VII | Foreshock to the 8.2 in 2021, along with an event in October. | 0 | 0 | July 2020 Alaska Peninsula earthquake | July 22 |
2021 | 8.2 | ![]() |
32.2 | VII | This is the largest earthquake in the United States since the 1965 Rat Islands earthquake. | 0 | 0 | 2021 Chignik earthquake | July 29 |
Largest earthquakes by magnitude[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Graph_of_largest_earthquakes_1906-2005.png/400px-Graph_of_largest_earthquakes_1906-2005.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/USGS_magnitude_8_earthquakes_since_1900.svg/400px-USGS_magnitude_8_earthquakes_since_1900.svg.png)
Listed below are all the 46 known earthquakes with an estimated magnitude of 8.5 or higher since 1501. Limited to a timeframe with enough data, this gives a rough estimate of its frequency per century. (The timeframe does not include outlying events like the earlier 1498 Meiō earthquake, 1420 Caldera earthquake, 1361 Shōhei earthquake, 869 Jōgan earthquake, and 365 Crete earthquake, each estimated to have magnitude ≥8.5.)
Prior to the development and deployment of seismographs – starting around 1900 – magnitudes can only be estimated, based on historical reports of the extent and severity of damage.[29]
Rank | Date | Location | Event | Magnitude |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | May 22, 1960 | ![]() |
1960 Valdivia earthquake | 9.4–9.6 |
2 | June 11, 1585 | ![]() |
1585 Aleutian Islands earthquake | 9.25 (est.) |
3 | July 8, 1730 | ![]() |
1730 Valparaíso earthquake | 9.1–9.3 (est.)[30] |
4 | March 27, 1964 | ![]() |
1964 Alaska earthquake | 9.2 |
5 | December 26, 2004 | ![]() |
2004 Indian Ocean earthquake | 9.1–9.3 |
6 | October 17, 1737 | ![]() |
1737 Kamchatka earthquake | 9.0–9.3 (est.) |
7 | November 17, 1837 | ![]() |
1837 Valdivia earthquake | 8.8–9.5 (est.)[31] |
8 | March 11, 2011 | ![]() |
2011 Tōhoku earthquake | 9.1[32] |
9 | November 25, 1833 | ![]() |
1833 Sumatra earthquake | 8.8–9.2 (est.) |
10 | May 17, 1841 | ![]() |
1841 Kamchatka earthquake | 9.0 (est.) |
11 | November 4, 1952 | ![]() |
1952 Severo-Kurilsk earthquake | 9.0[33] |
12 | January 26, 1700 | ![]() ![]() |
1700 Cascadia earthquake | 8.7–9.2 (est.) |
13 | August 13, 1868 | ![]() |
1868 Arica earthquake | 8.5–9.3 (est.) |
14 | April 2, 1762 | ![]() |
1762 Arakan earthquake | 8.8 (est.) |
15 | November 26, 1852 | ![]() |
1852 Banda Sea earthquake | 8.8 (est.)[34] |
16 | May 9, 1877 | ![]() |
1877 Iquique earthquake | 8.7–8.9 (est.) |
17 | January 31, 1906 | ![]() ![]() |
1906 Ecuador–Colombia earthquake | 8.8[35] |
18 | February 27, 2010 | ![]() |
2010 Chile earthquake | 8.8[35] |
19 | November 1, 1755 | ![]() |
1755 Lisbon earthquake | 8.5–9.0 (est.) |
20 | October 20, 1687 | ![]() |
1687 Peru earthquake | 8.7 (est.) |
21 | October 28, 1707 | ![]() |
1707 Hōei earthquake | 8.7 (est.) |
22 | October 28, 1746 | ![]() |
1746 Lima–Callao earthquake | 8.6–8.8 (est.) |
23 | February 4, 1965 | ![]() |
1965 Rat Islands earthquake | 8.7 |
24 | March 28, 1787 | ![]() |
1787 New Spain earthquake | 8.6 (est.) |
25 | February 2, 1816 | ![]() |
1816 North Atlantic earthquake | 8.6 (est.) |
26 | April 1, 1946 | ![]() |
1946 Aleutian Islands earthquake | 8.6 |
27 | August 15, 1950 | ![]() ![]() |
1950 Assam–Tibet earthquake | 8.6 |
28 | March 9, 1957 | ![]() |
1957 Andreanof Islands earthquake | 8.6[35] |
29 | March 28, 2005 | ![]() |
2005 Nias–Simeulue earthquake | 8.6[35] |
30 | April 11, 2012 | ![]() |
2012 Indian Ocean earthquakes | 8.6 |
31 | December 16, 1575 | ![]() |
1575 Valdivia earthquake | 8.5 (est.) |
32 | November 24, 1604 | ![]() |
1604 Arica earthquake | 8.5 (est.) |
33 | May 13, 1647 | ![]() |
1647 Santiago earthquake | 8.5 (est.) |
34 | July 25, 1668 | ![]() |
1668 Shandong earthquake | 8.5 (est.)[36] |
35 | May 24, 1751 | ![]() |
1751 Concepción earthquake | 8.5 (est.) |
36 | March 31, 1761 | ![]() |
1761 Lisbon earthquake | 8.5 (est.)[37] |
37 | April 4, 1819 | ![]() |
1819 Copiapó earthquake | 8.5 (est.)[31] |
38 | November 19, 1822 | ![]() |
1822 Valparaíso earthquake | 8.5 (est.) |
39 | February 20, 1835 | ![]() |
1835 Concepción earthquake | 8.5 (est.) |
40 | February 8, 1843 | ![]() |
1843 Guadeloupe earthquake | 8.5 (est.)[38] |
41 | February 16, 1861 | ![]() |
1861 Sumatra earthquake | 8.5 (est.) |
42 | June 15, 1896 | ![]() |
1896 Sanriku earthquake | 8.5 (est.) |
43 | June 17, 1917 | ![]() |
1917 Samoa earthquake | 8.5 (est.)[39] |
44 | November 10, 1922 | ![]() |
1922 Vallenar earthquake | 8.5[40] |
45 | February 1, 1938 | ![]() |
1938 Banda Sea earthquake | 8.5[35] |
46 | October 13, 1963 | ![]() |
1963 Kuril Islands earthquake | 8.5[35] |
Century | Number of magnitude ≥8.5 |
---|---|
1501–1600 | 2 |
1601–1700 | 5 |
1701–1800 | 9 |
1801–1900 | 13 |
1901–2000 | 12 |
2001–present | 5 |
Total | 46 |
Note that historical records are known to be incomplete. Earthquakes that occurred in remote areas prior to the advent of modern instrumentation in the early to mid 1900s were not well-reported, and exact locations and magnitudes of such events are often unknown. Therefore, the apparent increase in large earthquake frequency over the last few centuries is unlikely to be accurate.
Largest earthquakes by country/territory[]
- This list is a work in progress. Information is likely to be changed.
- The list refers to current country boundaries rather than those at the date of the earthquake.
- Please note, multiple countries could have the same earthquake listed, such as the 1906 Ecuador–Colombia earthquake being listed for both Ecuador and Colombia.
- Unless otherwise noted, magnitudes are reported on the Moment magnitude scale (Mw).
Country/Territory | Magnitude | Date | More information |
---|---|---|---|
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7.8 | 15 November 1921 | [41] |
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6.7 | 30 November 1967 | [42] |
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7.1 | 10 October 1980 | 1980 El Asnam earthquake |
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5.2 | 10 January 1995 | [43] |
![]() |
6.7 | 2 February 1428 | 1428 Catalonia earthquake |
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5.3 | 19 October 2001 | [44] |
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8.1 | 25 March 1998 | 1998 Balleny Islands earthquake |
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8.0 | 16 April 1690 | [45] |
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6.8 Ms | 7 December 1988 | 1988 Armenian earthquake |
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7.5 | 27 October 1894 | 1894 San Juan earthquake |
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8.1 | 23 December 2004 | 2004 Tasman Sea earthquake |
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5.5–6.0 | 15 September 1590 | 1590 Neulengbach earthquake |
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6.9 | 25 November 1667 | 1667 Shamakhi earthquake |
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8.8 | 2 April 1762 | 1762 Arakan earthquake |
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6.5 | 18 February 2014 | [46] |
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6.3 | 18 September 1692 | [47] |
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4.7 | 28 June 1985 | [48] |
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7.5–8.5 | 4 May 1714 | 1714 Bhutan earthquake[49] |
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8.2 | 9 June 1994 | 1994 Bolivia earthquake |
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6.4 | 27 October 1969 | 1969 Banja Luka earthquake |
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6.8 | 11 October 1952 | [50] |
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7.6 | 9 November 1963 | [51] |
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7.3 | 30 November 1983 | [52] |
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7.2 Ms [53] | 4 April 1904 | 1904 Kresna earthquakes |
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5.3 | 29 January 1978 | [54] |
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4.9 | 27 January 1987 | [55] |
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5.2 | 10 March 2017 | [56] |
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8.7–9.2 | 26 January 1700 | 1700 Cascadia earthquake |
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6.8 | 14 December 2004 | [57] |
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4.9 | 6 February 1994 | [58] |
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9.5 | 22 May 1960 | 1960 Valdivia earthquake |
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8.6 | 15 August 1950 | 1950 Assam–Tibet earthquake |
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7.9 | 18 June 2000 | [59] |
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8.8 | 31 January 1906 | 1906 Ecuador–Colombia earthquake |
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6.0 | 29 April 1952 | [60] |
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5.2 | 26 April 1998 | [61] |
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7.7 | 22 April 1991 | 1991 Limon earthquake |
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6.7 | 2 July 1898 | 1898 Trilj earthquake |
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7.6 | 11 June 1766 | 1766 Cuba earthquake[62] |
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7.0 | 11 May 1222 | 1222 Cyprus earthquake |
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4.8 ML | 23 December 1985 | [63] |
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6.8 | 5 December 2005 | 2005 Lake Tanganyika earthquake |
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4.4 ML[64][65][66] | 19 February 2010 | Jutland |
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6.5 | 20 August 1989 | [67] |
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6.3 | 21 November 2004 | 2004 Les Saintes earthquake |
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8.1 Ms | 4 August 1946 | 1946 Dominican Republic earthquake |
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6.0 | 20 January 1959 | [68] |
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8.8 | 31 January 1906 | 1906 Ecuador–Colombia earthquake |
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7.3 | 22 November 1995 | 1995 Gulf of Aqaba earthquake |
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8.0 MI | 19 December 1862 | [69] |
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4.9 | 28 March 1999 | [70] |
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6.6 | 28 December 1977 | [71] |
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4.5–4.7 mb | 25 October 1976 | 1976 Osmussaar earthquake |
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6.5 | 30 June 1919 | [72] |
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8.2 | 19 August 2018 | 2018 Fiji earthquake |
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4.7 | 4 November 1898 | [73] |
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6.2 | 11 June 1909 | 1909 Provence earthquake |
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6.2 Ms | 23 September 1974 | [74] |
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7.0 | 29 April 1991 | 1991 Racha earthquake |
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6.1 | 18 February 1756 | 1756 Düren earthquake |
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6.5 ML | 22 June 1939 | [75] |
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8.5+ | 21 July 365 | 365 Crete earthquake |
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7.0 | 3 December 1831 | [76] |
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7.7 | 20 November 1933 | 1933 Baffin Bay earthquake |
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8.5 | 8 February 1843 | 1843 Guadeloupe earthquake |
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7.8 | 8 August 1993 | 1993 Guam earthquake[77] |
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7.7 | 6 August 1942 | 1942 Guatemala earthquake |
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6.3 | 22 December 1983 | 1983 Guinea earthquake[78] |
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5.5 | 31 January 2021 | [79] |
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8.1 Ms | 7 May 1842 | 1842 Cap-Haïtien earthquake |
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7.5 | 10 January 2018 | 2018 Swan Islands earthquake |
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6.3 ML | 28 June 1763 | 1763 Komárom earthquake |
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6.9 | 28 March 1963 | [80] |
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8.6 | 15 August 1950 | 1950 Assam–Tibet earthquake |
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9.1–9.3 | 26 December 2004 | 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake |
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7.9 Ms | 22 December 856 | 856 Damghan earthquake |
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7.0 | 22 September 1666 | [81] |
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5.4 | 19 July 1984 | 1984 Llŷn Peninsula earthquake |
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6.3 | 11 July 1927 | 1927 Jericho earthquake |
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7.4 | 11 January 1693 | 1693 Sicily earthquake |
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7.7 | 28 January 2020 | 2020 Caribbean earthquake |
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9.1 | 11 March 2011 | 2011 Tōhoku earthquake |
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6.3 | 11 July 1927 | 1927 Jericho earthquake |
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7.9–8.3 | 11 July 1889 | 1889 Chilik earthquake |
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7.0 | 6 January 1928 | [82] |
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5.9 | 23 May 1982 | [83] |
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7.9–8.3 | 11 July 1889 | 1889 Chilik earthquake |
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6.9 Ms | 24 June 1983 | [84] |
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7.5 | 9 July 551 | 551 Beirut earthquake |
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6.8 | 19 April 1935 | [85] |
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5.6 | 21 April 1991 | [86] |
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6.2 mb | 10 March 1989 | 1989 Malawi earthquake[87] |
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6.3 | 11 August 1923 | [88] |
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7.1 | 29 February 1944 | [89] |
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7.4 | 11 January 1693 | 1693 Sicily earthquake[90] |
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5.6 | 22 March 1982 | [91] |
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7.8 Ms | 11 January 1839 | 1839 Martinique earthquake |
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6.7 | 26 July 1976 | [92] |
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6.0 | 29 April 1952 | [93] |
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8.6 | 28 March 1787 | 1787 Mexico earthquake |
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7.1 | 15 November 1929 | [94] |
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6.3 | 19 July 1963 | [95] |
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8.3 | 23 July 1905 | 1905 Bolnai earthquake |
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6.9 | 15 April 1979 | 1979 Montenegro earthquake |
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6.3 | 24 February 2004 | 2004 Al Hoceima earthquake |
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7.0 | 22 February 2006 | 2006 Mozambique earthquake |
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8.0+ | 23 March 1839 & 12 September 1946 | 1839 Ava earthquake and 1946 Sagaing earthquakes[96] |
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5.5 | 4 April 2021 | [97] |
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8.2–8.8 | 6 June 1505 | 1505 Lo Mustang earthquake |
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5.8 | 13 April 1992 | 1992 Roermond earthquake |
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7.9 | 9 August 1901 | [98] |
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8.2 | 23 January 1855 | 1855 Wairarapa earthquake |
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7.7 | 2 September 1992 | 1992 Nicaragua earthquake |
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6.8 | 8 October 1960 | [99] |
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6.6 | 8 March 1931 | [100] |
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7.7 | 29 July 2016 | [101] |
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6.8 | 30 August 2012 | [102] |
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8.1 | 28 November 1945 | 1945 Balochistan earthquake |
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7.8 | 16 August 1911 | [103] |
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7.5 Ms | 18 July 1934 | [104] |
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8.1 | 26 July 1971 | 1971 Solomon Islands earthquakes |
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6.5 | 28 February 1989 | [105] |
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8.5-9.3 | 13 August 1868 | 1868 Arica earthquake |
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8.3 | 15 August 1918 | 1918 Celebes Sea earthquake |
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5.8 mb | 6 August 1983 | [106] |
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8.5–9.0 | 1 November 1755 | 1755 Lisbon earthquake |
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8.0 | 2 May 1787 | 1787 Boricua earthquake |
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5.3 mb | 6 April 2007 | [107] |
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7.9 | 26 October 1802 | 1802 Vrancea earthquake |
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9.0 | 16 October 1737, 17 May 1841, 4 November 1952 | 1737 Kamchatka earthquake, 1841 Kamchatka earthquake and 1952 Severo-Kurilsk earthquake |
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5.9 | 3 February 2008 | 2008 Lake Kivu earthquake |
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6.5 | 16 March 1985 | [108] |
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7.3 | 19 March 1953 | [109] |
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8.5 | 25 June 1917 | 1917 Samoa earthquake |
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5.5 | 19 December 2019 | [110] |
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6.2[citation needed] | 11 January 1941 | 1941 Jabal Razih earthquake |
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5.8 | 18 May 1980 | [111] |
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5.2 | 28 April 1995 | [112] |
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5.8 | 28 June 1763 | [113] |
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6.1 ML | 14 April 1895 | 1895 Ljubljana earthquake |
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8.1 | 1 April 2007 | 2007 Solomon Islands earthquake |
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5.6 | 3 July 1951 | [114] |
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6.8 | 31 December 1932 | [115] |
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8.1 | 27 June 1929 & 12 August 2021 | 2021 South Sandwich Islands earthquakes[116] |
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6.2 | 29 June 1975 | [117] |
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7.2 Ms | 20 May 1990 | [118] |
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7.8 | 29 March 1954 | [119] |
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5.9 | 30 August 1973 | [120] |
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5.7 | 13 March 1993 | [121] |
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4.9 | 18 May 2020 | [122] |
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6.5 | 18 October 1356 | 1356 Basel earthquake |
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7.6 Ms | 20 May 1202 | 1202 Syria earthquake |
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8.2 | 5 June 1920 | [123] |
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7.5 | 10 July 1949 | 1949 Khait earthquake |
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7.3 | 13 December 1910 | [124] |
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6.1 | 5 May 2014 | 2014 Mae Lao earthquake |
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7.3 | 29 December 2021 | 2021 Timor Leste earthquake |
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8.1 | 30 April 1919 | [125] |
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6.7 | 22 April 1997 | [126][127] |
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5.5 | 20 February 1957 | [128] |
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7.8 | 27 December 1939 | 1939 Erzincan earthquake |
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7.3 Ms | 5 October 1948 | 1948 Ashgabat earthquake |
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6.5 | 30 June 1952 | [129] |
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6.7 | 11 September 1927 | 1927 Crimean earthquakes |
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6.1 ML | 7 June 1931 | 1931 Dogger Bank earthquake |
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9.25 | 11 June 1585 | 1585 Aleutian Islands earthquake |
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7.5 Ms | 18 November 1867 | 1867 Virgin Islands earthquake and tsunami |
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5.0 | 11 March 2002 | [130] |
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5.5 Ms | 5 June 1888 | 1888 Rio de la Plata earthquake |
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7.0 | 19 March 1984 | [131] |
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8.1 | 20 September 1920 | [132] |
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7.7 | 29 October 1900 | 1900 San Narciso earthquake |
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6.9 | 24 June 1983 | [84] |
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7.6 | 23 May 1956 | [133] |
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6.6 | 30 December 2006 | [134] |
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6.7 | 1 May 1919 | [135] |
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5.5 | 25 September 1963 | [136] |
Costliest earthquakes[]
This is a list of major earthquakes by the dollar value of property (public and private) losses directly attributable to the earthquake. Rank values are assigned based on inflation-adjusted comparison of property damage in US dollars. Wherever possible, indirect and socioeconomic losses are excluded. Damage estimates for particular earthquakes may vary over time as more data becomes available.
Rank | Event | Location | Magnitude | Property damage |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami | ![]() |
9.1[32] | $360 billion[137][138] |
2 | 1995 Great Hanshin earthquake | ![]() |
6.9 | $200 billion[139] |
3 | 2008 Sichuan earthquake | ![]() |
8.0 | $150 billion[140] |
4 | 2004 Chūetsu earthquake | ![]() |
6.8 | $28 billion[141][142] |
5 | 1999 İzmit earthquake | ![]() |
7.6 | $20 billion[141] |
6 | 2012 Northern Italy earthquakes | ![]() |
6.1[143] | $15.8 billion[144] |
7 | 2011 Christchurch earthquake | ![]() |
6.3[145] | $15–40 billion[146][147] |
8 | 2010 Chile earthquake | ![]() |
8.8[148] | $15–30 billion[148] |
9 | 1980 Irpinia earthquake | ![]() |
6.9[141] | $15 billion[141] |
10 | 1994 Northridge earthquake | ![]() |
6.7 | $13–44 billion |
11 | 1976 Tangshan earthquake | ![]() |
7.8 | $10 billion[149] |
12 | 1999 Jiji earthquake | ![]() |
7.7 | $10 billion |
13 | April 2015 Nepal earthquake | ![]() |
7.8 | $10 billion[150] |
14 | 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake | ![]() |
6.9 | $5.6–6 billion |
15 | 1923 Great Kantō earthquake | ![]() |
8.0 | $600 million[141] |
16 | 1906 San Francisco earthquake | ![]() |
7.7 to 7.9 (est.)[143] | $400 million[143] |
Deadliest earthquakes[]
The following is a summary list of earthquakes with over approximately 100,000 deaths:
Rank | Event | Date | Location | Fatalities | Magnitude | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1556 Shaanxi earthquake | January 23, 1556 | Shaanxi, China | 100,000 (direct toll from quake), (820,000–830,000 (highest possible estimated death toll))[152] | 8.0 | Estimated death toll in Shaanxi, China |
2 | 1976 Tangshan earthquake | July 28, 1976 | Hebei, China | 242,769–700,000+[153][154][155] | 7.8 | |
3 | 1920 Haiyuan earthquake | December 16, 1920 | Ningxia–Gansu, China | 273,400[153][156] | 7.8 | Major fractures, landslides. |
4 | 526 Antioch earthquake | May 21, 526 | Antioch, Byzantine Empire (modern-day Turkey) | 250,000[157] | 7.0[158] | Procopius (II.14.6), sources based on John of Ephesus. |
5 | 1139 Ganja earthquake | September 30, 1139 | Ganja, Azerbaijan | 230,000–300,000 | 7.0 Mw | Death toll may have been a historical conflation with earthquakes on November 1137 in the Jazira plain and the 1138 Aleppo earthquake. |
6 | 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami | December 26, 2004 | Indian Ocean, Sumatra, Indonesia | 227,898 | 9.1–9.3 | Became the deadliest tsunami on record, causing nearly 230,000 deaths from the earthquake and resulting tsunami across 14 countries. |
7 | 1138 Aleppo earthquake | October 11, 1138 | Aleppo, Syria | 130,000–230,000[159] | 7.1[159] | The figure of 230,000 dead is based on a historical conflation of this earthquake with earthquakes in November 1137 on the Jazira plain and on September 30, 1139 in the Azerbaijani city of Ganja. The first mention of a 230,000 death toll was by Ibn Taghribirdi in the fifteenth century.[160] |
8 | 2010 Haiti earthquake | January 12, 2010 | Haiti | 100,000–316,000 (estimates) | 7.0 | Estimates vary from 316,000 (Haitian government) to 222,570 (UN OCHA estimate)[161] to 158,000 (Medicine, Conflict and Survival) to between 85,000 and 46,000 (report commissioned by USAID).[162][163] |
9 | 1303 Hongdong earthquake | July 25, 1303 | Shanxi, China | 200,000[164] | 8.0 | Taiyuan and Pingyang were leveled. |
10 | 856 Damghan earthquake | December 22, 856 | Damghan, Iran | 200,000 | 7.9 Ms | |
11 | 893 Ardabil earthquake | March 22, 893 | Ardabil, Iran | 150,000 | Unknown | Reports probably relate to the 893 Dvin earthquake, due to misreading of the Arabic word for Dvin, 'Dabil' as 'Ardabil'.[165] This is regarded as a 'fake earthquake'.[166] |
12 | 533 Aleppo earthquake | November 29, 533 | Syria | 130,000[167] | Unknown | |
13 | 1908 Messina earthquake | December 28, 1908 | Messina, Italy | 123,000[168] | 7.1 | The ground shook for 30 to 40 seconds around 5:20 am, and destruction occurred within a 300 km radius. 91% of structures in Messina were destroyed and ~70,000 residents died. Rescuers searched for weeks, and whole families were pulled out alive days later. A 40-foot (12 m) tsunami struck nearby coasts. Reggio Calabria on the Italian mainland also suffered heavy damage. |
14 | 1948 Ashgabat earthquake | October 6, 1948 | Ashgabat, Turkmen SSR (modern-day Turkmenistan) | 10,000–110,000 | 7.3 Ms | |
15 | 1923 Great Kantō earthquake | September 1, 1923 | Kantō region, Japan | 105,385[169] | 7.9 | This earthquake with an epicenter beneath Izu Ōshima Island in Sagami Bay, shook the Kantō plain on the Japanese island of Honshū at 11:58 am. Shaking duration reported between 4 and 10 minutes, devastating Tokyo, Yokohama, Chiba, Kanagawa, and Shizuoka.[170] Shaking slid the 93-ton Great Buddha statue at Kamakura almost two feet forward. Casualty estimates range from 100,000 to 142,800, the latter figure including ~40,000 missing later presumed dead. |
16 | 1290 Chihli earthquake | September 27, 1290 | Ningcheng, China | 100,000[171] | 6.8 Ms |
Most studied earthquakes[]
The 50 most studied earthquakes according to the International Seismological Centre (ISC), based on a count of scientific papers (mostly in English) that discuss that earthquake. The "Event #" is linked to the ISC Event Bibliography for that event.
Rank | Event origin time | ISC Event # | Papers | ISC code | Event |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2011-03-11 05:46:23 | 16461282 | 1723 | TOHOKU2011 | 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami |
2 | 2008-05-12 06:27:59 | 13228121 | 1329 | WENCHUAN2008 | 2008 Sichuan earthquake |
3 | 2004-12-26 00:58:52 | 7453151 | 876 | SUMATRA2004 | 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami |
4 | 1999-09-20 17:47:16 | 1718616 | 685 | CHI-CHI1999 | 1999 Jiji earthquake |
5 | 1994-01-17 12:30:54 | 189275 | 494 | NORTHRIDGE1994 | 1994 Northridge earthquake |
6 | 1995-01-16 20:46:51 | 124708 | 472 | SHYOGO1995 | Great Hanshin earthquake |
7 | 2009-04-06 01:32:42 | 13438018 | 460 | LAQUILA2009 | 2009 L'Aquila earthquake |
8 | 2010-02-27 06:34:13 | 14340585 | 458 | MAULE2010 | 2010 Chile earthquake |
9 | 1989-10-18 00:04:14 | 389808 | 440 | LOMAPRIETA1989 | 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake |
10 | 1992-06-28 11:57:35 | 289086 | 402 | LANDERS1992 | 1992 Landers earthquake |
11 | 1999-08-17 00:01:38 | 1655218 | 384 | IZMIT1999 | 1999 İzmit earthquake |
12 | 2015-04-25 06:11:26 | 607208674 | 369 | GORKHA2015 | April 2015 Nepal earthquake |
13 | 2016-04-15 16:25:06 | 610289055 | 266 | KUMAMOTO2016 | 2016 Kumamoto earthquakes |
14 | 1964-03-28 03:36:13 | 869809 | 264 | ALASKA1964 | 1964 Alaska earthquake |
15 | 1960-05-22 19:11:20 | 879136 | 256 | CHILE1960 | 1960 Valdivia earthquake |
16 | 1985-09-19 13:17:50 | 516095 | 244 | MEXICOCITY1985 | 1985 Mexico City earthquake |
17 | 2010-09-03 16:35:46 | 15155483 | 234 | DARFIELD2010 | 2010 Canterbury earthquake |
18 | 2001-01-26 03:16:40 | 1763683 | 232 | BHUJ2001 | 2001 Gujarat earthquake |
19 | 1971-02-09 14:00:40 | 787038 | 230 | SANFERNANDO1971 | 1971 San Fernando earthquake |
20 | 2013-04-20 00:02:47 | 607304721 | 209 | LUSHAN2013 | 2013 Lushan earthquake |
21 | 1976-07-27 19:42:53 | 711732 | 207 | TANGSHAN1976 | 1976 Tangshan earthquake |
22 | 2003-09-25 19:50:07 | 7134409 | 197 | TOKACHI-OKI2003 | 2003 Tokachi earthquake |
23 | 1980-11-23 18:34:52 | 635924 | 196 | IRPINIA1980 | 1980 Irpinia earthquake |
24 | 1976-05-06 20:00:12 | 713583 | 194 | FRIULI1976 | 1976 Friuli earthquake |
25 | 2016-08-24 01:36:33 | 611462212 | 189 | AMATRICE2016 | August 2016 Central Italy earthquake |
26 | 2011-02-21 23:51:42 | 16168897 | 182 | CHRISTCHURCH2011A | 2011 Christchurch earthquake |
27 | 2004-09-28 17:15:24 | 7406045 | 178 | PARKFIELD2004 | Parkfield earthquake |
28 | 2005-03-28 16:09:35 | 7486110 | 177 | NIAS2005 | 2005 Nias–Simeulue earthquake |
29 | 2004-10-23 08:55:58 | 7421058 | 176 | MID-NIIGATA2004 | 2004 Chūetsu earthquake |
30 | 2016-11-13 11:02:59 | 615035032 | 168 | KAIKOURA2016 | 2016 Kaikōura earthquake |
31 | 2012-05-20 02:03:53 | 601025379 | 165 | EMILIA2012A | 2012 Northern Italy earthquakes |
32 | 1999-10-16 09:46:45 | 1643776 | 162 | HECTOR-MINE1999 | 1999 Hector Mine earthquake |
33 | 2001-11-14 09:26:12 | 2331800 | 158 | KUNLUN2001 | 2001 Kunlun earthquake |
34 | 2005-10-08 03:50:37 | 7703077 | 150 | KASHMIR2005 | 2005 Kashmir earthquake |
35 | 2002-11-03 22:12:41 | 6123395 | 147 | DENALI2002 | 2002 Denali earthquake |
36 | 1988-12-07 07:41:24 | 417441 | 145 | ARMENIA1988 | 1988 Armenian earthquake |
37 | 1999-11-12 16:57:19 | 1650092 | 145 | DUZCE1999 | 1999 Düzce earthquake |
38 | 1923-09-01 02:58:35 | 911526 | 145 | KANTO1923 | 1923 Great Kantō earthquake |
39 | 1979-10-15 23:16:57 | 657282 | 142 | IMPERIAL1979 | 1979 Imperial Valley earthquake |
40 | 2003-12-26 01:56:53 | 7217667 | 133 | BAM2003 | 2003 Bam earthquake |
41 | 2014-04-01 23:46:47 | 610102185 | 131 | IQUIQUE2014 | 2014 Iquique earthquake |
42 | 2010-01-12 21:53:10 | 14226221 | 127 | HAITI2010 | 2010 Haiti earthquake |
43 | 2015-09-16 22:54:30 | 611531714 | 127 | ILLAPEL2015 | 2015 Illapel earthquake |
44 | 2016-10-30 06:40:19 | 609624987 | 120 | NORCIA2016 | October 2016 Central Italy earthquakes |
45 | 2012-05-29 07:00:04 | 605482196 | 120 | EMILIA2012B | 2012 Northern Italy earthquakes |
46 | 1983-05-26 02:59:58 | 577008 | 120 | SEAOFJAPAN1983 | 1983 Sea of Japan earthquake |
47 | 1906-04-18 13:12:27 | 16957905 | 120 | SANFRANCISCO1906 | 1906 San Francisco earthquake |
48 | 1944-12-07 04:35:45 | 899647 | 115 | TONANKAI1944 | 1944 Tōnankai earthquake |
49 | 2019-07-06 03:19:55 | 616203758 | 112 | RIDGECREST2019B | 2019 Ridgecrest earthquakes |
50 | 2008-06-13 23:43:46 | 13377361 | 111 | IWATE-MIYAGI2008 | 2008 Iwate–Miyagi Nairiku earthquake |
modified from figure 2, "The most studied events", at the ISC's Overview of the ISC Event Bibliography.
International Seismological Centre. Event Bibliography. Thatcham, United Kingdom. 2018.
See also[]
- List of deadly earthquakes since 1900
- List of natural disasters by death toll
- Lists of earthquakes by year
References[]
- ^ "M 7.9 - 103 km S of Bengkulu, Indonesia". earthquake.usgs.gov. U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved January 8, 2022.
- ^ "Number of deaths caused by the 2006 Yogyakarta earthquake".
- ^ "M 7.6 - 30 km WSW of Pariaman, Indonesia". earthquake.usgs.gov. U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved January 8, 2022.
- ^ "M 7.8 - 67 km NNE of Bharatpur, Nepal". earthquake.usgs.gov. U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved January 8, 2022.
- ^ "M 7.8 - 27 km SSE of Muisne, Ecuador". earthquake.usgs.gov. U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved January 8, 2022.
- ^ "M 7.9 – off the east coast of Honshu, Japan". United States Geological Survey. November 25, 1953. Retrieved July 26, 2021.
- ^ "M 7.8 – Strait of Gibraltar". United States Geological Survey. March 29, 1954. Retrieved July 26, 2021.
- ^ "M 7.5 – Kermadec Islands region". United States Geological Survey. February 27, 1955. Retrieved July 26, 2021.
- ^ "M 8.3 – Kuril Islands". United States Geological Survey. November 6, 1958. Retrieved July 23, 2021.
- ^ "M 8.3 – Kuril Islands". United States Geological Survey. November 6, 1958. Retrieved July 23, 2021.
- ^ "M 7.6 – Peru-Brazil border region". United States Geological Survey. August 19, 1961. Retrieved July 19, 2021.
- ^ "M 7.5 – Fiji region". United States Geological Survey. May 21, 1962. Retrieved July 19, 2021.
- ^ "M 8.7 – Rat Islands, Aleutian Islands, Alaska". United States Geological Survey. February 4, 1965. Retrieved July 19, 2021.
- ^ "M 8.2 – Kuril Islands". United States Geological Survey. August 11, 1969. Retrieved July 19, 2021.
- ^ "M 8.0 – New Ireland region, Papua New Guinea". United States Geological Survey. July 14, 1971. Retrieved July 18, 2021.
- ^ "M 8.0 – Mindanao, Philippines". United States Geological Survey. December 2, 1972. Retrieved July 18, 2021.
- ^ "M 7.9 – Bougainville region, Papua New Guinea". United States Geological Survey. July 20, 1975. Retrieved July 18, 2021.
- ^ "M 7.9 – 199 km S of Lata, Solomon Islands". United States Geological Survey. July 17, 1980. Retrieved July 17, 2021.
- ^ "Tsunami Event: SAMOA ISLANDS". National Geophysical Data Center. September 1, 1981. Retrieved July 17, 2021.
- ^ "M 7.7 – 133 km NE of Hihifo, Tonga". United States Geological Survey. September 1, 1981. Retrieved June 26, 2021.
- ^ "M 7.6 – 157 km ESE of Kokopo, Papua New Guinea". United States Geological Survey. March 18, 1983. Retrieved July 17, 2021.
- ^ "M 7.6 – 85 km SE of Honiara, Solomon Islands".
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "The Impact of the M8.0 Mexico Quake of 1985".
- ^ "Major earthquake Strikes Alaska, Tsunami Strikes Hawaii". The Washington Post. May 7, 1986.
- ^ "M 8.0 – 85 km SSW of Atka, Alaska". May 7, 1986.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "M 7.9 – 200km WSW of Yakutat, Alaska". November 30, 1987.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "M 8.0, Macquarie Island Region". May 23, 1989.
- ^ "Magnitude 8 and Greater Earthquakes Since 1900". usgs.gov. Archived from the original on April 14, 2016.
- ^ Johnston, Arch C.; Halchuk, Stephen (June–July 1993), "The seismicity data base for the Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program", Annali di Geofisica, 36 (3–4): 133–151, pp. 140, 142 et seq.
- ^ Carvajal, M.; Cisternas, M.; Catalán, P.A. (2017). "Source of the 1730 Chilean earthquake from historical records: Implications for the future tsunami hazard on the coast of Metropolitan Chile". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 122 (5): 3648–3660. Bibcode:2017JGRB..122.3648C. doi:10.1002/2017JB014063.
- ^ a b Jin Junfang; Yin Shuyan; Yan Junping (2014). "Symmetry and tendency judgment of Ms ≥ 8.0 strong earthquakes in Chile". Geodesy and Geodynamics. 5 (1): 34–40. doi:10.3724/SP.J.1246.2014.01034.
- ^ a b "M 9.1 – near the east coast of Honshu, Japan". Earthquake Hazards Program. USGS. 2016. Retrieved November 21, 2016.
- ^ "Historic Earthquakes – Kamchatka Archived August 25, 2009, at the Wayback Machine." U.S. Geological Survey, October 26, 2009.
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External links[]
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- USGS-ANSS Latest earthquakes around the world.
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- Database for the damage of world earthquake, ancient period (3000 BC) to year of 2006—Building Research Institute (Japan) (建築研究所)
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