65th Academy Awards

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65th Academy Awards
Official poster promoting the 65th Academy Awards in 1993.
Official poster
DateMarch 29, 1993
SiteDorothy Chandler Pavilion
Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Hosted byBilly Crystal
Produced byGil Cates
Directed byJeff Margolis
Highlights
Best PictureUnforgiven
Most awardsUnforgiven (4)
Most nominationsHowards End and Unforgiven (9)
TV in the United States
NetworkABC
Duration3 hours, 33 minutes[1]
Ratings45.7 million
31.2% (Nielsen ratings)
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The 65th Academy Awards ceremony, presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS), honored films released in 1992 in the United States and took place on March 29, 1993, at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles beginning at 6:00 p.m. PST / 9:00 p.m. EST. During the ceremony, AMPAS presented Academy Awards (commonly referred to as Oscars) in 23 categories. The ceremony, televised in the United States by ABC, was produced by Gil Cates and directed by Jeff Margolis.[2][3] Actor Billy Crystal hosted the show for the fourth consecutive year.[4] In related events, during a ceremony held at the Century Plaza Hotel in Los Angeles on March 6, the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Sharon Stone.[5]

Unforgiven won four Oscars, including Best Picture.[6] Other winners included Bram Stoker's Dracula and Howards End with three awards, Aladdin with two, and The Crying Game, Death Becomes Her, Educating Peter, Indochine, The Last of the Mohicans, Mona Lisa Descending a Staircase, My Cousin Vinny, Omnibus, The Panama Deception, A River Runs Through It, and Scent of a Woman with one. The telecast garnered 45.7 million viewers in the United States.[7]

Winners and nominees[]

The nominees for the 65th Academy Awards were announced on February 17, 1993, at the Samuel Goldwyn Theater in Beverly Hills, California, by Robert Rehme, president of the Academy, and actress Mercedes Ruehl.[8] Howards End and Unforgiven led all nominees with nine nominations each.[9]

The winners were announced during the awards ceremony on March 29, 1993. Best Director winner Clint Eastwood became the seventh person nominated for lead acting and directing for the same film.[10] Best Actor winner Al Pacino was the sixth performer to receive nominations in the lead and supporting categories in the same year.[11] He also became the first person to win in the lead acting category after achieving the aforementioned feat.[12] By virtue of his second straight win in both music categories, Alan Menken became the third person to win two Oscars in two consecutive years.[13]

Awards[]

Photograph of Clint Eastwood at the 2008 Cannes Film Festival.
Clint Eastwood, Best Director & Picture winner
Photo of Al Pacino at the Venice Film Festival in 2004.
Al Pacino, Best Actor winner
Photo of Emma Thompson at the premiere of Last Chance Harvey.
Emma Thompson, Best Actress winner
Photo of Gene Hackman in 2008.
Gene Hackman, Best Supporting Actor winner
Photo of Marisa Tomei at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival.
Marisa Tomei, Best Supporting Actress winner
Photo of Neil Jordan at the 2010 Tribeca Film Festival.
Neil Jordan, Best Original Screenplay winner
Photo of Régis Wargnier attending the Lumières Awards in 2012.
Régis Wargnier, Best Foreign Language Film winner
Photo of a male with balding white hair. He is wearing a black jacket.
Alan Menken, Best Original Score winner and Best Original Song co-winner
Black and white photo of Tim Rice in 1981.
Tim Rice, Best Original Song co-winner
Tom Woodruff Jr., Best Visual Effects co-winner

Winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface, and indicated with a double dagger (double-dagger).[14]

Best Picture
  • Unforgiven – Clint Eastwood, producerdouble-dagger
    • The Crying Game – Stephen Woolley, producer
    • A Few Good Men – David Brown, Rob Reiner and Andrew Scheinman, producers
    • Howards End – Ismail Merchant, producer
    • Scent of a Woman – Martin Brest, producer
  • Clint Eastwood – Unforgivendouble-dagger
  • Al Pacino – Scent of a Woman as Lieutenant Colonel Frank Sladedouble-dagger
    • Robert Downey Jr. – Chaplin as Charlie Chaplin
    • Clint Eastwood – Unforgiven as William "Will" Munny
    • Stephen Rea – The Crying Game as Fergus
    • Denzel Washington – Malcolm X as Malcolm X
  • Emma Thompson – Howards End as Margaret Schlegeldouble-dagger
    • Catherine Deneuve – Indochine as Éliane Devries
    • Mary McDonnell – Passion Fish as May-Alice Culhane
    • Michelle Pfeiffer – Love Field as Lurene Hallett
    • Susan Sarandon – Lorenzo's Oil as Michaela Odone
  • Marisa Tomei – My Cousin Vinny as Mona Lisa Vitodouble-dagger
    • Judy Davis – Husbands and Wives as Sally Wainwright
    • Joan Plowright – Enchanted April as Mrs. Fisher
    • Vanessa Redgrave – Howards End as Ruth Wilcox
    • Miranda Richardson – Damage as Ingrid Fleming
  • Howards End – Ruth Prawer Jhabvala based on the novel by E.M. Forsterdouble-dagger
    • Enchanted April – Peter Barnes based on the novel by Elizabeth von Arnim
    • The Player – Michael Tolkin based on his novel
    • A River Runs Through It – Richard Friedenberg based upon the story by Norman Maclean
    • Scent of a Woman – Bo Goldman based on the previous film Profumo di donna by Ruggero Maccari and Dino Risi and the novel Il Buio E Il Miele by Giovanni Arpino
Best Foreign Language Film
  • Indochine (France) in French – Régis Wargnier, directordouble-dagger
    • Close to Eden (Russia) in Russian – Nikita Mikhalkov, director
    • Daens (Belgium) in Dutch – Stijn Coninx, director
    • Schtonk! (Germany) in German – Helmut Dietl, director
  • Omnibus – Sam Karmanndouble-dagger
    • Contact – Jonathan Darby and Jana Sue Memel
    • Cruise Control – Matt Palmieri
    • The Lady in Waiting – Christian M. Taylor
    • Swan Song – Kenneth Branagh and David Parfitt
  • Aladdin – Alan Menkendouble-dagger
    • Basic Instinct – Jerry Goldsmith
    • Chaplin – John Barry
    • Howards End – Richard Robbins
    • A River Runs Through It – Mark Isham
Best Original Song
  • "A Whole New World" from Aladdin – Music by Alan Menken; Lyrics by Tim Ricedouble-dagger
    • "Friend Like Me" from Aladdin – Music by Alan Menken; Lyrics by Howard Ashman (posthumous nomination)
    • "I Have Nothing" from The Bodyguard – Music by David Foster; Lyrics by Linda Thompson
    • "Run to You" from The Bodyguard – Music by Jud Friedman; Lyrics by Allan Rich
    • "Beautiful Maria of My Soul" from The Mambo Kings – Music by Robert Kraft; Lyrics by Arne Glimcher
Best Sound Effects Editing
Best Sound
  • Howards End – Art Direction: Luciana Arrighi; Set Decoration: Ian Whittakerdouble-dagger
    • Bram Stoker's Dracula – Art Direction: Thomas E. Sanders; Set Decoration: Garrett Lewis
    • Chaplin – Art Direction: Stuart Craig; Set Decoration: Chris A. Butler
    • Toys – Art Direction: Ferdinando Scarfiotti; Set Decoration: Linda DeScenna
    • Unforgiven – Art Direction: Henry Bumstead; Set Decoration: Janice Blackie-Goodine
  • A River Runs Through It – Philippe Rousselotdouble-dagger
    • Hoffa – Stephen H. Burum
    • Howards End – Tony Pierce-Roberts
    • The Lover – Robert Fraisse
    • Unforgiven – Jack N. Green
  • Unforgiven – Joel Coxdouble-dagger
  • Death Becomes Her – Ken Ralston, Doug Chiang, Douglas Smythe and Tom Woodruff Jr.double-dagger
    • Alien³ – Richard Edlund, Alec Gillis, Tom Woodruff Jr. and George Gibbs
    • Batman Returns – Michael L. Fink, Craig Barron, John Bruno and Dennis Skotak
Academy Honorary Award
  • Federico Fellini — In recognition of his place as one of the screen's master storytellers.[15]
Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Awards

The award recognizes individuals whose humanitarian efforts have brought credit to the motion picture industry.[16]

  • Audrey Hepburn[16] (posthumous award)[B]
  • Elizabeth Taylor[17]

Films with multiple nominations and awards[]

Films that received multiple nominations
Nominations Film
9 Howards End
Unforgiven
6 The Crying Game
5 Aladdin
4 Bram Stoker's Dracula
A Few Good Men
Scent of a Woman
3 Chaplin
Enchanted April
A River Runs Through It
The Player
2 Basic Instinct
Batman Returns
The Bodyguard
Hoffa
Husbands and Wives
Indochine
Lorenzo's Oil
Malcolm X
Passion Fish
Toys
Under Siege
Films that received multiple awards
Awards Film
4 Unforgiven
3
Bram Stoker's Dracula
Howards End
2 Aladdin

Presenters and performers[]

The following individuals (in order of appearance) presented awards or performed musical numbers:[18]

Presenters[]

Name(s) Role
Randy Thomas Announcer for the 65th annual Academy Awards
Robert Rehme (AMPAS president) Gave opening remarks welcoming guests to the awards ceremony
Geena Davis Presenter of the "Women in the Movies" Montage
Jack Palance Presenter of the award for Best Supporting Actress
Anjelica Huston Presenter of the film Unforgiven during the Best Picture segment
Tim Robbins
Susan Sarandon		 Presenters of the award for Best Film Editing
Mercedes Ruehl Presenter of the award for Best Supporting Actor
Joe Pesci
Marisa Tomei		 Presenters of the award for Best Makeup
Gregory Peck Presenter of the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award to Audrey Hepburn
Sarah Jessica Parker
David Paymer		 Presenters of the award for Best Live Action Short Film
Snow White Presenter of the award for Best Animated Short Film
Kathy Bates Presenter of the film A Few Good Men on the Best Picture segment
Jack Valenti Introducer of presenter Glenn Close
Glenn Close Presenter of the award for Best Foreign Language Film
Sharon Stone Presenter of the segment of the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement and the Gordon E. Sawyer Award
Richard Gere Presenter of the award for Best Art Direction
Whoopi Goldberg Presenter of the film Howards End on the Best Picture segment
Andie MacDowell Presenter of the award for Best Visual Effects
Jon Lovitz Presenter of the award for Best Sound Effects Editing
Tom Hanks
Denzel Washington		 Presenters of the awards for Best Documentary Short Subject and Best Documentary Feature
Sophia Loren
Marcello Mastroianni		 Presenters of the Academy Honorary Award to Federico Fellini
Raúl Juliá Presenter of the award for Best Original Score
Anne Bancroft
Dustin Hoffman		 Presenters of the awards for Best Screenplay Written Directly for the Screen and Best Screenplay Based on Material Previously Produced or Published
Diane Keaton Presenter of the film The Crying Game on the Best Picture segment
Robert Downey Jr.
Alfre Woodard		 Presenters of the award for Best Sound
Lena Horne
Quincy Jones		 Presenters of the award for Best Original Song
Anthony Hopkins Presenter of the award for Best Actress
Morgan Freeman
Gene Hackman		 Presenters of the award for Best Cinematography
Catherine Deneuve Presenter of the award Best Costume Design
Angela Lansbury Presenter of the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award to Elizabeth Taylor
Jodie Foster Presenter of the award for Best Actor
Jane Fonda Presenter of the film Scent of a Woman on the Best Picture segment
Barbra Streisand Presenter of the award for Best Director
Jack Nicholson Presenter of the award for Best Picture

Performers[]

Name(s) Role Performed
Bill Conti Musical arranger Orchestral
Billy Crystal Performer Opening number:
Scent of a Woman (to the tune of "I'm a Woman" by Peggy Lee),
Howard's End (to the tune of "Hooray for Hollywood" from Hollywood Hotel),
A Few Good Men (to the tune of "Sound Off!"),
The Crying Game (to the tune of "(Love Is) The Tender Trap" from The Tender Trap) and
Unforgiven to the tune of ("Unforgettable" by Nat King Cole)[19]
Brad Kane
Lea Salonga		 Performers "A Whole New World" from Aladdin
Plácido Domingo
Sheila E.		 Performers "Beautiful Maria of My Soul" from The Mambo Kings
Natalie Cole Performer "I Have Nothing" and
"Run to You" from The Bodyguard
Liza Minnelli Performer "Ladies' Day" during the musical tribute to women in the film
Nell Carter Performer "Friend Like Me" from Aladdin

Ceremony information[]

Photo of Billy Crystal at the 2012 Tribeca Film Festival.
Billy Crystal hosted the 65th Academy Awards.

After the success of the previous year's ceremony which won several Emmys and critical acclaim, the Academy rehired producer Gil Cates for the fourth consecutive year.[20] In February 1993, actor and comedian Billy Crystal was chosen by Cates as host also for the fourth straight time.[21] Cates justified the decision to hire him saying, "He is a major movie star with a talent for moving the evening's entertainment along."[22] According to an article by Army Archerd published in Variety, Crystal initially declined to host again citing his busy film schedule that included Mr. Saturday Night and City Slickers II: The Legend of Curly's Gold.[23] However, after Cates sent him a funeral wreath with a poem declaring "The show and I are dead without you" followed by a head of a fake dead horse similar to one featured in the film The Godfather, Crystal accepted the role as emcee.[24]

As with previous ceremonies he produced, Cates centered the show around a theme. Inspired by the Year of the Woman in which a record four women were elected to the United States Senate, Cates christened the 1993 show with the theme "Oscar Celebrates Women and the Movies".[25] In tandem with the theme, AMPAS gathered 67 female Oscar winners of every category for a photo that was later shown at the start of the telecast.[26] Actress and singer Liza Minnelli performed "Ladies' Day", a song written by Fred Ebb and John Kander specifically for the broadcast.[27] Oscar-winning documentarian Lynne Littman assembled a montage highlighting women in film.[28]

Several other people participated in the production of the ceremony. Bill Conti served as conductor and musical supervisor for the ceremony.[29] Choreographer Debbie Allen supervised the Best Song nominee performances and the "Ladies' Night" musical number.[30] Voice actress Randy Thomas served as announcer of the telecast becoming the first woman to do so.[31]

Box office performance of nominees[]

North American box office gross for Best Picture nominees[32]
Film Pre-nomination
(Before Feb. 17) 		Post-nomination
(Feb. 17-Mar. 29) 		Post-awards
(After Mar. 29) 		Total
A Few Good Men $120 million $14.3 million $7.0 million $141.3 million
The Crying Game $26.6 million $11.2 million $4.6 million $62.3 million
Howard's End $24.4 million $942,668 $36,767 $25.3 million
Scent of a Woman $34.1 million $18.5 million $10.5 million $63.1 million
Unforgiven $75.3 million $7.6 million $18.3 million $102 million

At the time of the nominations announcement on February 17, the combined gross of the five Best Picture nominees at the US box office was $252 million, with an average of $50.4 million per film.[32] A Few Good Men was the highest earner among the Best Picture nominees with $120 million in domestic box office receipts. The film was followed by Unforgiven ($75.2 million), Scent of a Woman ($34.1 million), The Crying Game ($14 million), and finally Howards End ($8.7 million).[32]

Of the top 50 grossing movies of the year, 38 nominations went to 13 films on the list. Only A Few Good Men (6th), Unforgiven (17th), Malcolm X (30th) and Scent of a Woman (38th) were nominated for directing, acting, screenwriting, or Best Picture.[33] The other top 50 box office hits that earned nominations were Aladdin (1st), Batman Returns (3rd), Basic Instinct (8th), The Bodyguard (9th), Under Siege (12th), Bram Stoker's Dracula (14th), The Last of the Mohicans (16th), Death Becomes Her (22nd), and Alien³ (26th).[33]

Critical reviews and ratings[]

The show received a negative reception from most media publications. Associated Press television critic Frazier Moore lamented that Crystal "seemed incredibly listless". He also questioned the purpose of the "Year of the Woman" theme writing, "The Oscar show itself seemed at odds with its own feminist theme."[34] Robert Bianco from the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette derided Allen's musical production numbers, comparing them to the disastrous opening number at the 61st ceremony held in 1989.[35] Columnist Matt Roush of USA Today complained, "Crystal, in a by-now-familiar performance, has, in four years, taken a plum assignment and, by repetition, reduced it to shtick." He also wrote that, "The song medley is getting old hat," and the "smug references to his flop Mr. Saturday Night were out of an improv amateur night."[36]

The telecast also received unfavorable reaction from various public feminist figures. In an interview with Los Angeles Daily News author and activist Betty Friedan condemned the "Year of the Woman" theme commenting, "It had no basis in reality. On behalf of women directors, cinematographer, and producers, I resent the travesty of calling that a tribute."[37] Likewise, President of the National Organization for Women's Los Angeles chapter Tammy Bruce chastised ceremony's feminist tribute as "one of the most hypocritical, patronizing things I saw in my whole life."[38] In response, Gil Cates responded towards the criticism of the theme stating, "The theme developed and raised consciousness in a way that I think is positive, not only for the individual in general but for individual women specifically."[37] He also quoted an ancient Chinese proverb later made famous by former U.S. First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt saying, "It is better to light one candle than to curse the darkness"[39]

Despite the adverse reception, the ABC broadcast drew in an average of 45.7 million people over its length, which was a 3% increase from the previous year's ceremony.[7] The show also drew higher Nielsen ratings compared to the previous ceremony with 31.2% of households watching over a 51 share.[40][41] It also drew a higher 18–49 demo rating with a 20.1 rating among viewers in that demographic.[42]

See also[]

Notes[]

A^ : The Academy revoked the Best Foreign Language Film nomination of Uruguay's A Place in the World after an investigation that determined the film as an Argentine production and therefore violated the Academy's rules which require that there be "substantial filmmaking input from the country that submits the film."[43]
B^ : Hepburn died on January 20, 1993, shortly after AMPAS announced the honor.[44] Her son Sean accepted the award at the ceremony on her behalf.[45]

References[]

  1. ^ Wiley & Bona 1996, p. 889
  2. ^ Marx, Andy (November 11, 1992). "4th Oscarcast for Cates". Variety. Archived from the original on March 6, 2014. Retrieved February 19, 2014.
  3. ^ Osborne 2013, p. 418
  4. ^ MacMinn, Aleene (February 10, 1993). "Morning Report: Movies". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on September 12, 2014. Retrieved February 19, 2014.
  5. ^ "Past Scientific & Technical Awards Ceremonies". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on February 13, 2014. Retrieved July 31, 2013.
  6. ^ Fox, David J. (March 31, 1993). "'Unforgiven' Top Film; Pacino, Thompson Win : Academy Awards: Eastwood named best director. Oscars for supporting roles go to Hackman and Tomei". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on March 7, 2014. Retrieved February 25, 2014.
  7. ^ Jump up to: a b Johnson, Greg (March 18, 1999). "Call It the Glamour Bowl". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on September 28, 2013. Retrieved August 26, 2013.
  8. ^ Weinraub, Bernard (February 18, 1993). "3 Films Dominate Nominees In Oscar Contest". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 12, 2014. Retrieved February 19, 2014.
  9. ^ Fox, David J. (February 18, 1993). "The 65th Academy Award Nominations: The Declaration of Independents : The nominations: 'Howards End' and 'Unforgiven' get nine apiece, 'The Crying Game' six. Non-studio and maverick filmmakers have a field day". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on November 5, 2012. Retrieved February 18, 2014.
  10. ^ Ebert, Roger (February 18, 1993). "Oscars Honor Period Pieces But 'Player,' 'Malcolm X' Passed Over". Chicago Sun-Times. Tim Knight. p. 37.
  11. ^ Rea, Steven (February 18, 1993). "In Line For Oscars "Howards End" And Clint Eastwood's "Unforgiven" Got Nine Academy Award Nominations Each. And Makers Of "The Crying Game" May Get The Last Laugh, With Six Shots At The Statuette". The Philadelphia Inquirer. H.F. Gerry Lenfest. Archived from the original on March 6, 2014. Retrieved February 25, 2014.
  12. ^ Wiley & Bona 1996, p. 1173
  13. ^ Osborne 2013, p. 424
  14. ^ "The 65th Academy Awards (1993) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on November 9, 2014. Retrieved October 22, 2011.
  15. ^ Marx, Andy (January 18, 1993). "Acad Award in picture for Fellini". Variety. Archived from the original on March 7, 2014. Retrieved February 25, 2014.
  16. ^ Jump up to: a b MacMinn, Aleene (January 14, 1993). "Morning Report: Movies". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on March 7, 2014. Retrieved February 25, 2014.
  17. ^ Marx, Andy (January 13, 1993). "Hepburn, Taylor get Hersholt". Variety. Archived from the original on March 7, 2014. Retrieved February 25, 2014.
  18. ^ Wiley & Bona 1996, p. 877
  19. ^ Wiley & Bona 1996, p. 881
  20. ^ "Cates to Repeat As Oscars Producer". San Francisco Chronicle. November 13, 1992. p. C2.
  21. ^ Williams, Jeannie (February 5, 1993). "Bily Crystal, back as Mr. Oscar night". USA Today. p. 2D.
  22. ^ "'Perfect host' appointed". The Globe and Mail. Phillip Crawley. February 6, 1993. p. C6.
  23. ^ Williams, Jeannie (February 18, 1993). "Roping Crystal into Oscar duty". USA Today. p. 2D.
  24. ^ Archerd, Army (February 16, 1993). "Cates 'convinces' Crystal to m.c. Oscars again". Variety. Archived from the original on January 12, 2015. Retrieved June 20, 2014.
  25. ^ Wiley & Bona 1996, p. 872
  26. ^ Wiley & Bona 1996, p. 875
  27. ^ Wiley & Bona 1996, p. 886
  28. ^ Wiley & Bona 1996, p. 880
  29. ^ "Oscar watch". Variety. January 5, 1993. Archived from the original on November 19, 2015. Retrieved June 20, 2014.
  30. ^ "Oscar Dance Tryouts Sunday". Variety. February 22, 1993. Archived from the original on November 19, 2015. Retrieved June 20, 2014.
  31. ^ Wiley & Bona 1996, p. 879
  32. ^ Jump up to: a b c "1992 Academy Award Nominations and Winner for Best Picture". Box Office Mojo (Amazon.com). Archived from the original on February 21, 2014. Retrieved February 25, 2014.
  33. ^ Jump up to: a b "1992 Domestic Grosses". Box Office Mojo (Amazon.com). Archived from the original on November 19, 2015. Retrieved February 25, 2014.
  34. ^ Moore, Frazier (March 30, 1993). "Billy Crystal's Performance Lame". The Daily Gazette. Retrieved February 26, 2014.
  35. ^ Bianco, Robert (March 30, 1993). "Crystal Can't Save Disastrous Oscars Show". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved February 26, 2014.
  36. ^ Wiley & Bona 1996, p. 892
  37. ^ Jump up to: a b Wiley & Bona 1996, p. 893
  38. ^ Karlak, Pat; Swertlow, Frank. "Hollywood's Hollow Salute Oscars' 'Year of Woman' Patronizing, Many Say". The Plain Dealer. p. 3C.
  39. ^ Osborne 2013, p. 313
  40. ^ Schwed, Mark (March 30, 1993). "Kudocast's Nielsen ratings highest in 10 years". Variety. Archived from the original on November 19, 2015. Retrieved August 8, 2015.
  41. ^ Carter, Bill (March 27, 1996). "TV Notes;Oscar Numbers Slip". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 19, 2015. Retrieved October 15, 2015.
  42. ^ "Academy Awards ratings" (PDF). Television Bureau of Advertising. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 27, 2013.
  43. ^ Wiley & Bona 1996, p. 873
  44. ^ Kehr, Dave (January 21, 1993). "Screen Legend Audrey Hepburn, 63". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on May 5, 2014. Retrieved June 20, 2014.
  45. ^ Rickey, Carrie (March 30, 1993). "In Like Clint Oscar's Tribute Was Fitting, Given That Women Garnered A Surprising Share Of Awards. (for Al Pacino, The Magic Even Trickled Down To The Title "Scent Of A Woman".)". The Philadelphia Inquirer. H.F. Gerry Lenfest. Archived from the original on September 14, 2015. Retrieved June 20, 2014.

Bibliography[]

  • Osborne, Robert (2013). 85 Years of the Oscar: The Complete History of the Academy Awards. New York, United States: Abbeville Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-7892-1142-2.
  • Wiley, Mason; Bona, Damien (1996). Inside Oscar: The Unofficial History of the Academy Awards (5 ed.). New York, United States: Ballantine Books. ISBN 0-345-40053-4. OCLC 779680732.

External links[]

Official websites
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