Antigonid dynasty

Antigonids
Antigonid Empire
Ἀντιγονίδαι
*Antigonidai*
Antigonids; Antigonid Empire Ἀντιγονίδαι; Antigonidai
306 BC–168 BC
	Eagle of Zeus; on the tetradrachm of king Perseus
	Antigonid Empire c. 200 BC
Capital	Pella (until 167 BC)
Common languages	Greek
Religion	Ancient Greek / Hellenistic
Government	Hellenistic monarchy
King
• 306 BC – 301 BC	Antigonus I Monophthalmus
• 179 BC – 168 BC	Perseus of Macedon
Historical era	Hellenistic
• Established	306 BC
• Defeat by Rome	168 BC
Preceded by	Succeeded by
	Macedonian Empire
	Achaemenid Empire
Roman Macedonia
Seleucid Empire

The Antigonid dynasty (/ænˈtɪɡoʊnɪd/; Greek: Ἀντιγονίδαι) was a dynasty of Hellenistic kings descended from Alexander the Great's general Antigonus I Monophthalmus ("the One-eyed") that ruled mainly in Macedonia.

History[]

Map of the 2nd Macedonian War

Succeeding the Antipatrid dynasty in much of Macedonia, Antigonus ruled mostly over Asia Minor and northern Syria. His attempts to take control of the whole of Alexander's empire led to his defeat and death at the Battle of Ipsus in 301 BC. Antigonus's son Demetrius I Poliorcetes survived the battle, and managed to seize control of Macedon itself a few years later, but eventually lost his throne, dying as a prisoner of Seleucus I Nicator. After a period of confusion, Demetrius's son Antigonus II Gonatas was able to establish the family's control over the old Kingdom of Macedon, as well as over most of the Greek city-states, by 276 BC.^[2]

Legacy[]

It was one of four dynasties established by Alexander's successors, the others being the Seleucid dynasty, Ptolemaic dynasty and Attalid dynasty. The last scion of the dynasty, Perseus of Macedon, who reigned between 179 and 168 BC, proved unable to stop the advancing Roman legions and Macedon's defeat at the Battle of Pydna signaled the end of the dynasty.^[3]

Dynasty[]

The ruling members of the Antigonid dynasty were:

Antigonid rulers
King	Reign (BC)	Consort(s)	Comments
Antigonus I Monophthalmus (Western Asian Antigonid kingdom)	306–301 BC	Stratonice	One of Alexander the Great's top generals; a major participant in the so-called "funeral games" following that king's death.
Demetrius I Poliorcetes (Macedon, Cicilia)	294–287 BC	Phila Ptolemais Deïdameia Lanassa ?Eurydice ?Unnamed Illyrian woman	Son of Antigonus I Monophthalmus. Demetrius' wife Phila was a daughter of Antipater, and ancestor of all subsequent Antigonid kings of Macedon, except Antigonus III Doson, through her son Antigonus II Gonatas. Antigonus III Doson was descended from the marriage of Demetrius and Ptolemais, who was a daughter of Ptolemy I Soter and mother of Doson's father, Demetrius the Fair, the ephemeral King of Cyrene. Deïdameia was a daughter of Aeacides of Epirus and sister of Pyrrhus, she had one son, Alexander, by Demetrius. Demetrius had a further two sons, Demetrius the Thin and Corrhagus, the former by an unnamed Illyrian woman, the latter by a woman named Eurydice. Demetrius I Poliorcetes was the first Antigonid king of Macedon.
Antigonus II Gonatas (Macedon)	276–239 BC	Phila	Son of Demetrius Poliorcetes and Phila, grandson of Antigonus I Monophthalmus. His wife, Phila, was the daughter of his sister, Stratonice. Only one known legitimate child, Demetrius II Aetolicus.
Demetrius the Fair (Cyrene)	c. 250 BC	Olympias of Larissa Berenice II	Son of Demetrius I Poliorcetes and Ptolemaïs. Father of Antigonus III Doson and, apparently, Echecrates by Olympias.
Demetrius II Aetolicus (Macedon)	239–229 BC	Stratonice of Macedon Phthia of Epirus Nicaea of Corinth Chryseis	Son of Antigonus II and Phila. Stratonice of Macedon was a daughter of Antiochus I Soter and Stratonice. Phthia of Epirus was a daughter of Alexander II of Epirus and Olympias II of Epirus. Nicaea of Corinth was the widow of Demetrius' cousin, Alexander of Corinth. Chryseis was a former captive of Demetrius.^[4] Only known son, Philip by Chryseis, also had a daughter by Stratonice of Macedon, Apama III.
Antigonus III Doson (Macedon)	229–221 BC	Chryseis	Son of Demetrius the Fair and Olympias of Larissa. Children unknown.
Philip V (Macedon)	221–179 BC	Polycratia of Argos	Son of Demetrius II and Chryseis.^[4] At least four children: Perseus of Macedon, Apame, Demetrius and Philippus.
Perseus (Macedon)	179–168 BC (died 166 BC)	Laodice V	The last ruler of Macedon. Laodice V was a daughter of the Seleucid king, Seleucus IV Philopator. At least two sons, Philip and Alexander.

The Greek rebel against Rome and last King of Macedonia, Andriscus, claimed to be the son of Perseus.

Family tree of Antigonids[]

Derdas III

Derdas III
archon of Elimiotis

Machatas of Elimeia
satrap of India

Phila of Elimeia

Philip II
king of Macedonia
359-336 BC

Philip

wife

Periandros of Pella

Demetrius

Stratonice
daughter of Corrhaeus

Antigonus I Monophthalmus
king of Macedonia
306-301 BC

Ptolemy

Marsyas

1.Phila
daughter of Antipater
2.Eurydice of Athens
3.Deidamia I of Epirus
daughter of Aeacides of Epirus

Demetrius I Poliorketes
king of Macedon
294-288 BC

4.Lanassa
daughter of Agathocles of Syracuse
5.Ptolemais
daughter of Ptolemy I of Egypt

Philip
prince

(1) Stratonice of Syria
∞ 1.Seleucus I Nicator
2.Antiochus I Soter

(1) Antigonus II Gonatas
king of Macedon
277-274, 272-239 BC

Phila
daughter of
Seleucus I Nicator

(5) Demetrius the Fair
king of Cyrene
250-249 BC

1.Olympias of Larissa
2.Berenice II
daughter of Magas
king of Cyrene

(2) 1.Stratonice of Macedon

Demetrius II Aetolicus
king of Macedonia
239-229 BC

2.Nicaea of Corinth
3.Phthia
daughter of
Alexander II of Epirus
4.Chryseis

(1) Antigonus III Doson
king of Macedon
229-221 BC

Echecrates

Prusias I of Bithynia

(1) Apama III

(4) Philip V
king of Macedon
221-179 BC

Polycratia of Argos

Antigonos

Prusias II of Bithynia
king of Bithynia

Apame IV

(illeg.) Perseus
king of Macedon
179-168 BC

Laodice V
daughter of
Seleucus IV Philopator

Demetrius
prince

Philippus
prince

Alexander
prince

Coin gallery[]

Antigonid dynasty coins
Coin of Antigonus I Monophthalmus ("the One-eyed") (382–301 BC). Coin of Demetrius I of Macedon ("The Besieger"), (337–283 BC), son of Antigonus I Monophthalmus Coin of Antigonus II Gonatas Coin of Philip VI Andriscus. Greek inscription reads ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΦΙΛΙΠΠΟΥ (King Philip).

References[]

^ Taagepera, Rein (1979). "Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 600 B.C. to 600 A.D.". Social Science History. 3 (3/4): 121. doi:10.2307/1170959. JSTOR 1170959.
^ J. Spielvogel, Jackson (2005). Western Civilization: Volume I: To 1715. Thomson Wadsworth. pp. 89–90. ISBN 0-534-64603-4.
^ Encyclopædia Britannica, Antigonid dynasty, 2008, O.Ed. "But Perseus' failure to deploy his full resources brought about his defeat (168) at Pydna in Macedonia and signaled the end of the dynasty."
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Eusebius, Chronicle 1.237-8; Syncellus Chronicle 535.19

show v t Hellenistic rulers
Argeads	Philip II Alexander III the Great Philip III Arrhidaeus Alexander IV
Antigonids	Antigonus I Monophthalmus Demetrius I Poliorcetes Antigonus II Gonatas Demetrius II Aetolicus Antigonus III Doson Philip V Perseus Philip VI (pretender)
Ptolemies	Ptolemy I Soter Ptolemy Keraunos Ptolemy II Philadelphus Ptolemy III Euergetes Ptolemy IV Philopator Ptolemy V Epiphanes Cleopatra I Syra (regent) Ptolemy VI Philometor Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator Cleopatra II Philometor Soter Ptolemy VIII Physcon Cleopatra III Ptolemy IX Lathyros Ptolemy X Alexander Berenice III Ptolemy XI Alexander Ptolemy XII Auletes Cleopatra VI Tryphaena Berenice IV Epiphanea Ptolemy XIII Ptolemy XIV Cleopatra VII Philopator Ptolemy XV Caesarion
Kings of Cyrene	Magas Demetrius the Fair Ptolemy VIII Physcon Ptolemy Apion
Seleucids	Seleucus I Nicator Antiochus I Soter Antiochus II Theos Seleucus II Callinicus Seleucus III Ceraunus Antiochus III the Great Seleucus IV Philopator Antiochus IV Epiphanes Antiochus V Eupator Demetrius I Soter Alexander I Balas Demetrius II Nicator Antiochus VI Dionysus Diodotus Tryphon Antiochus VII Sidetes Alexander II Zabinas Seleucus V Philometor Antiochus VIII Grypus Antiochus IX Cyzicenus Seleucus VI Epiphanes Antiochus X Eusebes Antiochus XI Epiphanes Demetrius III Eucaerus Philip I Philadelphus Antiochus XII Dionysus Antiochus XIII Asiaticus Philip II Philoromaeus
Lysimachids	Lysimachus Ptolemy Epigonos
Antipatrids	Cassander Philip IV Alexander V Antipater II Antipater Etesias Sosthenes
Attalids	Philetaerus Eumenes I Attalus I Eumenes II Attalus II Attalus III Eumenes III
Greco-Bactrians	Diodotus I Diodotus II Euthydemus I Demetrius I Euthydemus II Antimachus I Pantaleon Agathocles Demetrius II Eucratides I Plato Eucratides II Heliocles I
Indo-Greeks	Demetrius I Antimachus I Pantaleon Agathocles Apollodotus I Demetrius II Antimachus II Menander I Zoilos I Agathokleia Lysias Strato I Antialcidas Heliokles II Polyxenos Demetrius III Philoxenus Diomedes Amyntas Epander Theophilos Peukolaos Thraso Nicias Menander II Artemidoros Hermaeus Archebius Telephos Apollodotus II Hippostratos Dionysios Zoilos II Apollophanes Strato II Strato III
Kings of Bithynia	Boteiras Bas Zipoetes I Nicomedes I Zipoetes II Etazeta (regent) Ziaelas Prusias I Prusias II Nicomedes II Nicomedes III Nicomedes IV Socrates Chrestus
Kings of Pontus	Mithridates I Ctistes Ariobarzanes Mithridates II Mithridates III Pharnaces I Mithridates IV Philopator Philadephos Mithridates V Euergetes Mithridates VI Eupator Pharnaces II Darius Arsaces Polemon I Pythodorida Polemon II
Kings of Commagene	Ptolemaeus Sames II Mithridates I Antiochus I Mithridates II Antiochus II Mithridates III Antiochus III Antiochus IV
Kings of Cappadocia	Ariarathes I Ariarathes II Ariamnes II Ariarathes III Ariarathes IV Ariarathes V Orophernes Ariarathes VI Ariarathes VII Ariarathes VIII Ariarathes IX Ariobarzanes I Ariobarzanes II Ariobarzanes III Ariarathes X Archelaus
Kings of the Cimmerian Bosporus	Paerisades I Satyros II Prytanis Eumelos Spartokos III Hygiainon (regent) Paerisades II Spartokos IV Leukon II Spartokos V Paerisades III Paerisades IV Paerisades V Mithridates I Pharnaces Asander with Dynamis Mithridates II Asander with Dynamis Scribonius’ attempted rule with Dynamis Dynamis with Polemon Polemon with Pythodorida Aspurgus Mithridates III with Gepaepyris Mithridates III Cotys I
Hellenistic rulers were preceded by Hellenistic satraps in most of their territories.

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