April 1902

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April 5, 1902: Ibrox Stadium stands collapse during England-Scotland match, 25 killed, 517 injured
April 11, 1902: South African Army fights last disastrous battle against the British

The following events occurred in April 1902:

April 1, 1902 (Tuesday)[]

April 2, 1902 (Wednesday)[]

April 3, 1902 (Thursday)[]

  • Lobbied by the American dairy industry, the United States Senate voted, 39 to 31, to pass a bill putting additional taxes on the butter substitute oleomargarine.[2]

April 4, 1902 (Friday)[]

  • The will of Cecil Rhodes was made public on the day after his funeral services, revealing that he was funding scholarships to the University of Oxford for students from the United States and Germany. The reach of the Rhodes Scholarship would expand over the years.[2]
  • Born:

April 5, 1902 (Saturday)[]

  • Twenty-five people were killed and 517 injured in the collapse of the bleachers at Ibrox Park. During an international football match between Scotland and England, part of the newly built wooden West Tribune Stand collapsed, throwing hundreds of supporters to the ground below.[4]
  • The first public performance of Maurice Ravel's popular piano piece Pavane pour une infante défunte was given by Ricardo Viñes.[5]

April 6, 1902 (Sunday)[]

  • Will Reynolds, an African-American railroad employee who was being served with a warrant for a five dollar charge account, killed the sheriff of Colbert County, Alabama and five deputies, along with one bystander, before being killed by a party of law enforcement officers.[6]
  • Born: F. L. Green, British novelist, in Portsmouth, England (d. 1953)
  • Died: Robert Owen, 81, Welsh theologian (b. 1820)

April 7, 1902 (Monday)[]

  • The United States House of Representatives passed its version of the Chinese Exclusion Bill. The Senate rejected any changes to existing law nine days later.[2]
  • Commandant Pieter Hendrik Kritzinger was acquitted of charges in the court-martial by the British Army.[2]
  • Bulgarian revolutionary Metody Patchev entered Kadino Selo, Macedonia with six other revolutionaries, not realising that Ottoman troops were stationed in the village. Recognising the hopelessness of their situation, he killed his friends and committed suicide.[7]

April 8, 1902 (Tuesday)[]

  • Russia and China signed a treaty for Russian withdrawal of troops from Manchuria over in three stages taking place between July 1902 and January 1904.[2]
  • A partial solar eclipse was visible from the Earth.
  • Born:
    • Andrew Irvine, British mountaineer, in Birkenhead, England (d. 1924)
    • Josef Krips, Austrian conductor and violinist, in Vienna (d. 1974)
  • Died: The Earl of Kimberley, 76, former British Foreign Secretary (b. 1826)

April 9, 1902 (Wednesday)[]

  • Second Boer War: Having had their safe passage guaranteed by the British, Boer leaders, including Martinus Theunis Steyn, Schalk Willem Burger, Louis Botha, Jan Smuts, Christiaan de Wet and Koos de la Rey, met at Klerksdorp, Transvaal, to discuss the possibility of opening negotiations with the British.[8]
  • The Underground Electric Railways Company of London was established, consolidating the group of Underground lines controlled by American financier Charles Yerkes.[9]

April 10, 1902 (Thursday)[]

  • The Belgian general strike of 1902 began, the second general strike in the country's history.[10]
  • France and Venezuela resumed diplomatic relations, which had been terminated in 1895.[2]

April 11, 1902 (Friday)[]

  • In the Battle of Rooiwal, the last major battle of the Second Boer War, a commando team led by General Jan Kemp attacked a larger force under Lieutenant Colonel Robert Kekewich. The British soldiers had a positional advantage and inflicted severe losses on the Boers, effectively ending the war in Western Transvaal.[11]
  • Tenor Enrico Caruso made the first million-selling recording, for the Gramophone Company in Milan.
  • An earthquake of magnitude 6.6 struck the south end of Lake Baykal, Russia. No injuries were recorded.[12]
  • Died: Wade Hampton III, 84, former Confederate States Army lieutenant general and one of the largest slaveholders in the American south prior to the outbreak of the American Civil War (b. 1818)

April 12, 1902 (Saturday)[]

April 13, 1902 (Sunday)[]

  • A new car speed record of 74 mph (119 km/h) was set in Nice, France by Léon Serpollet.
  • The Belgian steamer Legia collided with another steamer off the Newarp Lightvessel of England and sank.[14]

April 14, 1902 (Monday)[]

April 15, 1902 (Tuesday)[]

Sipyagain
  • Dmitry Sipyagin, the Russian Empire's chief law enforcement officer as Minister of the Interior and the nation's secret police, was shot multiple times as he entered Mariinsky Palace in Saint Petersburg to attend a cabinet meeting. Sipyagin was assassinated by Stepan Balmashov, who gained entry to the palace and then fatally wounded the Minister.[15]
  • Died: Jules Dalou, 63, French sculptor (b. 1838)

April 16, 1902 (Wednesday)[]

April 17, 1902 (Thursday)[]

  • Longshoremen in Copenhagen went on strike and refused to load or unload ships arriving in Denmark.[2]
  • Tomás Estrada Palma departed from the United States, where he held citizenship, on a voyage to Cuba where he was to be inaugurated as President.[2]

April 18, 1902 (Friday)[]

April 19, 1902 (Saturday)[]

  • Vyacheslav von Plehve was appointed as the new Russian Minister of Internal Affairs to replace the late Dmitry Sipyagin.[20]
  • The 1902 FA Cup Final took place at The Crystal Palace in England in "bitterly cold" weather, and ended in a draw, necessitating a replay on April 26.
  • Died:
    • Hans von Pechmann, 52, German chemist (b. 1850)
    • Colonel Charles Marshall, 71, former Confederate States Army officer and aide-de-camp to Robert E. Lee who later worked to foster the "Lost Cause" movement to erect statues of Confederate military men (b. 1830)

April 20, 1902 (Sunday)[]

April 21, 1902 (Monday)[]

  • Lieutenant Magnus von Levetzow of the Imperial German Navy submitted a report to his superiors of a military operation plan from his "study of the most suitable invasion route for Germany in the event of war with the United States."[22]
  • Died: Ethna Carbery, 35, Irish poet, from gastritis (b. 1864)[23]

April 22, 1902 (Tuesday)[]

April 23, 1902 (Wednesday)[]

  • The Mount Pelée volcano in Martinique began erupting, raining cinders on its southern and western side.[24] The volcano's deadly eruption would happen 15 days later.
  • By a small majority, Denmark's upper house of Parliament approved the sale of the Danish West Indies to the United States.[20]
  • Born: Halldór Laxness, Icelandic writer, Nobel Prize laureate, in Reykjavík (d. 1998)

April 24, 1902 (Thursday)[]

  • Manchester United was founded by five English investors who bought the assets of the bankrupt Newton Heath LYR Football Club.[25][26] In its first 100 seasons, Man U. would win 10 FA Cups and seven First Division titles and seven Premier League titles.
  • Died: Lavinia Veiongo, 23, queen consort of Tonga, from tuberculosis (b. 1879)[27]

April 25, 1902 (Friday)[]

  • Boer General Jan Smuts departed Concordia in the Northern Cape of the South African Republic (the Transavaal), along with 250 men to meet with British negotiators at Vereeniging to discuss a ceasefire in the Second Boer War. General Smuts "was received with all military honours" by Colonel Cooper of the British Army, who provided an escort to guide Smuts and his entourage through British lines. The evening before his departure, General Smuts told supporters, "If on my return I can say 'It is peace,' then we shall have reason for joy. But if I say 'The war goes on', then we shall take up arms again, and fight with more ardour than ever, and with new enthusiasm.'"[28]
  • Born: Werner Heyde, German psychiatrist and war criminal, in Forst, Germany (d. 1964)
  • Died: Agostino Riboldi, 63, Roman Catholic cardinal and Archbishop of Ravenna (b. 1839)

April 26, 1902 (Saturday)[]

  • Hibernian won the Scottish Cup 1–0 against Celtic of Glasgow. They would not win the competition again until 2016.[29]
  • The 1902 FA Cup Final was replayed at The Crystal Palace, in London. Sheffield United defeated Southampton 2-1. After the game, the Sheffield goalkeeper, William "Fatty" Foulke, protested that the equalizing goal should have been disallowed, and attempted to attack the referee, Tom Kirkham.[30]

April 27, 1902 (Sunday)[]

  • Voting took place in the first round of France's Legislative Election.[31]
  • Died: J. Sterling Morton, 70, Nebraska newspaper editor who lobbied for the creation of Arbor Day, first celebrated on April 10, 1972 (b. 1832)

April 28, 1902 (Monday)[]

  • Four officers of USS Chicago were sentenced to short jail terms in an Italian jail for creating a disturbance in Venice.[20]
  • Born: Johan Borgen, Norwegian author, in Oslo (d. 1979)

April 29, 1902 (Tuesday)[]

  • Lord Spencer was chosen as the new leader of Britain's Liberal Party[20]
  • Conservative MP James Kenyon resigned his seat in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, using the procedural device of becoming Steward of the Manor of Northstead.[32] This necessitated a by-election the following month in his constituency of Bury, England.
  • Altos Hornos de Vizcaya was founded in Spain, as predecessor of world largest steel product, ArcelorMittal.[citation needed]

April 30, 1902 (Wednesday)[]

  • Claude Debussy's opera Pelléas et Mélisande received its premiere at the Opéra-Comique in Paris, with Jean Périer in the role of Pelléas and Mary Garden as Mélisande. André Messager was the conductor.[33]
  • Meteorological statistics show that, averaged over the whole of Australia, April 1902 was the driest month since records began, with only 3.74 millimetres (0.15 in).[34]
  • Born: Theodore Schultz, American economist and Nobel Prize laureate, in Evanston, Illinois (d. 1998)

References[]

  1. ^ Encyclopedia Britannica. "British East Africa". chestofbooks. Retrieved 28 January 2017.
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k The American Monthly Review of Reviews (May, 1902), pp. 538-541
  3. ^ Clark, Mary (Spring 2000). "Freedom of the City of Dublin". Dublin Historical Record. Old Dublin Society. 53 (1): 33–37. JSTOR 30101245.
  4. ^ (November 1998). "The fatalities at the Ibrox disaster of 1902" (PDF). The Sports Historian. British Society of Sports History. 18 (2): 148–155. doi:10.1080/17460269809445801.
  5. ^ Larner, Gerald (1996). Maurice Ravel. London: Phaidon. ISBN 0-7148-3270-7, pp. 60, 227
  6. ^ "'Colbert's Worst Tragedy' Occurred 70 Years Ago", Florence (AL) Times, June 24, 1971, p. 4
  7. ^ Писма и изповеди на един четник,XXVI,Хр.Силянов,1902 г.
  8. ^ Meredith, Martin (2007). Diamonds, Gold and War. The Making of South Africa. London, Great Britain: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-7432-8614-5.
  9. ^ Badsey-Ellis, Antony (2005). London's Lost Tube Schemes. Capital Transport. ISBN 1-85414-293-3.
  10. ^ Merkx, Kris; Deruette, Serge (1999). La Vie en Rose: Réalités de l'Histoire du Parti socialiste en Belgique. Brussels: EPO. ISBN 2872621474.
  11. ^ Thomas Pakenham, The Boer War, Weidenfeld & Nicolson Ltd., London 1979, ISBN 0-297-77395-X (pp. 556-560)
  12. ^ "Centennial Earthquake Catalog". United States Geological Survey. April 11, 1902. Retrieved November 16, 2015.
  13. ^ Hockey, Thomas (2009). The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers. Springer Publishing. ISBN 978-0-387-31022-0. Retrieved August 22, 2012.
  14. ^ "Belgian Merchant H-O" (PDF). Belgische Koopvaardij. Retrieved 31 October 2010.[permanent dead link]
  15. ^ "Russia" in The International Year Book: A Compendium of the World's Progress During the Year 1902 (Dodd, Mead & Company, 1903) p. 595
  16. ^ "Thomas L. Tally, Film Pioneer, Dies. Producer First Signed Mary Pickford, Chaplin. A Founder of First National Pictures". The New York Times. November 25, 1945.
  17. ^ Tucker, Spencer C., ed. (2009). The encyclopedia of the Spanish–American and Philippine–American wars: a political, social, and military history. Volumes I-III. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. p. 217. ISBN 978-1-85109-951-1. |volume= has extra text (help)
  18. ^ "M7.5 – Guatemala". United States Geological Survey. April 19, 1902. Retrieved November 16, 2015.
  19. ^ "Guatemala: April 18, 1902", in Natural Disasters, by Lee Davis (Facts on File, Inc., 2008) pp. 50-51
  20. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f The American Monthly Review of Reviews (June, 1902), pp. 667-671
  21. ^ Strikwerda, Carl (1997). A House Divided: Catholics, Socialists, and Flemish Nationalists in Nineteenth-century Belgium. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 9780847685271.
  22. ^ "Naval Operations Plans between Germany and the USA, 1898—1913", by H. H. Herwig and D. F. Trask, in The War Plans of the Great Powers, 1880-1914, ed. by Paul Kennedy (Allen & Unwin, 1979) p. 54
  23. ^ McGuire, James; Quinn, James (2009). Dictionary of Irish Biography. Volume II. Dublin: Royal Irish Academy-Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-63331-4. |volume= has extra text (help)
  24. ^ Scarth, Alwyn (2002). La Catastrophe: The Eruption of Mount Pelee, the Worst Volcanic Eruption of the Twentieth Century. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 2. ISBN 0-19-521839-6.
  25. ^ Gary James, Manchester: A Football History (James Ward Publishing, 2008) p. 92
  26. ^ Manchester Evening Chronicle, April 25, 1902
  27. ^ Wood-Ellem, Elizabeth (1999). Queen Sālote of Tonga: The Story of an Era 1900–1965. Auckland, New Zealand: Auckland University Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-2529-4. OCLC 262293605.
  28. ^ [file:///C:/Users/Mark/Downloads/144517-Article%20Text-383060-1-10-20160926.pdf "A French Volunteer in the Ranks of the Boers"], by Robert de Kersauson, in L'Illustration, January 24, 1903, translated by C. de Jong and reprinted in the South African Journal of Military Studies, Vol. 6, No. 4 (1976) p. 23
  29. ^ "Scottish Cup final: Rangers 2–3 Hibernian". BBC Sport. BBC. 21 May 2016. Retrieved 21 May 2016.
  30. ^ David Bull & Bob Brunskell (2000). Match of the Millennium. Hagiology Publishing. pp. 30–33. ISBN 0-9534474-1-3.
  31. ^ L'année Politique 1902, by André Daniel, Librairie Académique Perrin, 1903
  32. ^ Department of Information Services (9 June 2009). "Appointments to the Chiltern Hundreds and Manor of Northstead Stewardships since 1850" (PDF). House of Commons Library. Retrieved 30 November 2009.
  33. ^ Nichols, Roger and Richard Langham Smith (eds.) Claude Debussy: Pelléas et Mélisande (Cambridge Opera Handbooks, Cambridge University Press, 1989) ISBN 0-521-31446-1
  34. ^ April rainfall over Australia
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