July 1902

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July 11, 1902: Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, Lord Salisbury, retires...
July 5, 1902: Erik Boström returns as Prime Minister of Sweden
... and was succeeded as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom by his nephew, Arthur Balfour

The following events occurred in July 1902:

July 1, 1902 (Tuesday)[]

  • The Raymond Stampede, Canada's oldest professional rodeo, was launched in Raymond, Alberta.[1]
  • In London, the Prince of Wales (the future King George V of the United Kingdom), reviewed a parade of thousands of British colonial troops who had traveled from their native lands to be present for the coronation of his father, King Edward VII.[2]
  • The Philippine Organic Act was enacted by the United States Congress and became law, providing for the election of a Philippine Assembly following the cessation of the Philippine–American War.[3][2]
  • The Biologics Control Act took effect in the United States after being passed by Congress in the wake of the deaths of 13 children (starting on October 26, 1901) from a tainted serum that had been intended to treat diphtheria. The new law authorized the United States Public Health Service to inspect producers and test their medicines, as well as to require the first expiration dates to be placed on a health product.[4]
  • The uninhabited Henderson Island of the Pitcairn Islands was formally annexed to the British Empire.[5]
  • Oliver Robert Hawke Bury became general manager of Great Northern Railway in the United Kingdom, after working for the Buenos Aires and Rosario Railway in Argentina.[6]
  • The first national anthem of the Korean Empire, commissioned by the Emperor Gojong, was presented to the imperial court by German composer Franz Eckert, the hymn's author as director of the Korean military band. It would be performed for the first time on September 9, 1902.
  • Campbell's dwarf hamster (Phodopus campbelli) was discovered as a distinct species by explorer C. W. Campbell, who collected the first specimen for taxonomists, in Inner Mongolia, near the village of Shaborte.[7]
  • Luceafărul ("Evening Star"), a literary magazine in the Romanian language, was published for the first time, in Budapest.[8]
  • Born: William Wyler, Swiss-American film director, in Mülhausen, Elsass-Lothringen, German Empire (now Mulhouse, Alsace-Lorraine in France), under the name Wilhelm Weiller (d. 1981)
  • Died: Anthony Giuseppe, an immigrant involved in the coal miners' strike, died after he was shot, apparently by accident, by Coal and Iron Police at a Lehigh Valley Coal Company colliery in Old Forge, Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania.[9]

July 2, 1902 (Wednesday)[]

July 3, 1902 (Thursday)[]

July 4, 1902 (Friday)[]

  • U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt issued a complete amnesty for all Filipinos who had taken up arms against the United States during the Philippine Revolution.[13]
  • Thirty Bulgarian civilians were killed by troops of Turkey at the frontier between the two nations.[2]
  • The Pacific Electric Railway opened an interurban line between Los Angeles and Long Beach, California.[14]
  • Born:
    • Meyer Lansky, Polish-American mobster known as the "Mob's Accountant", in Grodno, Russian Empire, as Meier Suchowlański[15] (d. 1983)
    • George Murphy, American dancer, actor, and politician, in New Haven, Connecticut (d. 1992)
  • Died: Swami Vivekananda, 39, Indian religious leader, during meditation practice. He had previously predicted that he would not reach the age of forty.[16]

July 5, 1902 (Saturday)[]

  • Following the resignation of Fredrik von Otter, Erik Gustaf Boström became Prime Minister of Sweden for a second time, having previously served from 1891 to 1900.
  • At least 500,000 dinners were served to Londoners to celebrate the Coronation of Edward VII and Alexandra, in an exercise supervised by Sir Thomas Lipton even though the ceremony has been postponed until August because of the King's illness.[17]
  • U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt issued an executive order forbidding federal civil service employees from using outside influence in attempts to get promoted.[2]
  • The only Test cricket match ever played at Bramall Lane, Sheffield in England was won by the touring Australian XI.

July 6, 1902 (Sunday)[]

  • Maria Goretti, an 11-year old girl living in Ancona in Italy, died the day after she was fatally stabbed by an 18-year-old neighbor, Alessandro Serenelli, when she resisted his romantic advances. Before dying, Maria forgave her killer. Serenelli went to prison for 27 years and, after his release, would ask for and receive forgiveness from Maria's mother, Assunta Goretti.[18] Serenelli would enter a monastery and become well-known as Father Stephano. He and Mrs. Goretti lived to see the beatification of Maria.[19] After verification of miracles attributed to her, the canonization of Saint Maria Goretti by Pope Pius XII would take place on June 24, 1950.[20]
  • Born: Wiktoria Goryńska, Austrian-Polish artist and resistance leader against the Nazi German invasion, in Vienna (d. 1945 at the Ravensbrück concentration camp)

July 7, 1902 (Monday)[]

  • Joseph Chamberlain, the British Secretary of State for the Colonies, sustained head injuries in an accident while a passenger in a horse-drawn carriage and under convalescent care for the next 10 days. A historian would later note of Chamberlain that "during that time two events took place which, if he had been up and about, might conceivably have taken a different turning." The British Prime Minister, Lord Salisbury, chose the moment of Chamberlain's absence to resign and to ask King Edward VII to appoint Salisbury's nephew, Lord Balfour, as his successor.[21]

July 8, 1902 (Tuesday)[]

  • The United States Reclamation Service, now the United States Bureau of Reclamation, was established within the Geological Survey of the Department of the Interior as the first federal agency to acquire the rights and distribution of the American water supply.[22]

July 9, 1902 (Wednesday)[]

  • The Kingdom of Siam (now Thailand) ceded control of four parts of the southern Malay Peninsula to the control of the British Empire. The sultanates of Kedah, Perlis, Kelantan and Terengganu were incorporated into British Malaya and are now part of Malaysia.
  • Horace Gray, an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, informed U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt of his retirement after 20 years of service.[23] Gray died two months later, on September 15.
  • By a vote of 307 to 234, the Chamber of Deputies in France voted to invalidate the election of Count Jean de Castellane based on evidence of his acceptance of bribes.[2]
  • The United States began negotiations with Colombia for a treaty to construct a canal across the northernmost departamento of Colombia, the Departamento del Istmo, which would later secede to become the Republic of Panama.[2]

July 10, 1902 (Thursday)[]

  • The Rolling Mill Mine disaster in Johnstown, Pennsylvania, resulted in the deaths of 112 miners in the United States. Most were killed by methane gas poisoning following an explosion.[24]
  • The uninhabited atoll Oeno Island was formally annexed to the British Empire.[5]
  • Born: Kurt Alder, German-Polish chemist and Nobel Prize laureate, in Königshütte, German Empire (now Chorzów, Poland) (d. 1958)

July 11, 1902 (Friday)[]

  • The British Prime Minister, Lord Salisbury retired for health reasons, in order to be replaced by his nephew, Arthur Balfour.[2]
  • The Order of the Garter was conferred by King Edward VII of the United Kingdom on Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria.
  • The town of Maryville, Illinois was incorporated.
  • Born: Rolf Widerøe, Norwegian accelerator physicist, in Oslo (d. 1996)

July 12, 1902 (Saturday)[]

  • Lord Kitchener and John French, leaders of the British victory in the Second Boer War in South Africa, were given a heroes' welcome and a parade in London upon their return to the United Kingdom.
  • The Columbia Amusement Company, which set the standard for the traveling burlesque shows for the next 25 years, was formed at the Columbia Theatre in New York City.[25] The "Columbia Wheel", guaranteed a rotating series of burlesque acts to travel a circuit of theaters, with new companies starting tours each month.
  • Arthur Balfour took office as the new Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
  • The first of the Neuquén–Cipolletti bridges on Argentina's Buenos Aires Great Southern Railway was opened. The first locomotive to pass over it, number 205, was driven by Antonio Mazzarolo.[26]

July 13, 1902 (Sunday)[]

  • Liang Cheng was appointed as the Chinese Empire's minister (ambassador) to the United States. He arrived in the States on July 19 and would serve until 1907.[2]
  • King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy arrived in Saint Petersburg for his first official visit to the Russian Empire as the reigning monarch.[2]

July 14, 1902 (Monday)[]

Mrs. and Mr. Spencer
  • Sir Michael Hicks Beach resigned his portfolio as the British Chancellor of the Exchequer.
  • St Mark's Campanile, the 400-year-old bell tower of St Mark's Basilica in Venice, completely collapsed, demolishing the logetta and killing the caretaker's cat.[27][2]
  • Rose Isabel Spencer, the wife of English aeronaut Stanley Spencer became the first woman to pilot a motorized aircraft. Mrs. Spencer guided Spencer's balloon airship successfully around Crystal Palace in London.[28][29]
  • Born: Josef Toufar, Czech Roman Catholic priest who was persecuted by the Communist government of Czechoslovakia as part of a campaign to discredit organized religion, in Arnolec, Bohemia (d. 1950)

July 15, 1902 (Tuesday)[]

  • The Australian ghost town of Shuttleton, New South Wales was founded by several copper mining companies for their employees, and was virtually uninhabited 40 years later after the companies had closed.[30]
  • Born: Edward Howell, English-Australian stage, film and TV actor, in Bromley, Kent, England (b. 1986)

July 16, 1902 (Wednesday)[]

  • U.S. Army Brigadier General Jacob H. Smith received a reprimand and a forced retirement from the service, on orders of the U.S. Commander-in-chief, President Theodore Roosevelt, for having issued "kill and burn" orders in the Philippines.[2]
  • The Pilgrims Society, an organization with a mission "to promote good-will, good-fellowship, and everlasting peace between the United States and the United Kingdom, was founded with the creation of The Pilgrims of Great Britain at a meeting in London at the Carlton Hotel by English aviation pioneers Harry Brittain and Charles Rolls, as well as United States Army and Confederate States Army officer Joseph Wheeler and British Army officer Bryan Mahon.[31] Its American counterpart, The Pilgrims of the United States, would be founded six months later on January 13, 1903 at the Waldorf Astoria Hotel in New York City.[32]
  • The town of Lonsdale, Minnesota was created by auction of 80 acres of lots platted out for sale by the Milwaukee Land Company and corporate owner Thomas Wilby, in order to create a train depot and a stop on the Chicago, Milwaukee, and St. Paul Railway.[33] One hundred years later, the population had grown from 271 people to almost 1,500, and the population now is over 4,200.
  • Born:
    • Alexander Luria, Russian neuropsychologist, in Kazan, Russia (d. 1977)
    • Mary Philbin, American silent film actress, in Chicago (d. 1993)

July 17, 1902 (Thursday)[]

  • American engineer Willis Carrier successfully submitted his plans for the first modern air conditioning system to be installed, with the first practical means of controlling humidity in addition to the other functions of cooling, circulating and cleansing the air.[34] The first Carrier system was installed during the summer at the Sackett-Wilhelms Lithographing & Publishing Company premises in Brooklyn, New York and refined. Carrier filed a patent application for his invention, "Apparatus for treating air", on September 16, 1904 and U.S. Patent No. 808,897 was granted on January 2, 1906.[35] and, in 1915, founded the Carrier Engineering Corporation, one of the world's largest manufacturers of heating, ventilating and air conditioning systems.
  • Lord Hopetoun, Governor-General of Australia since the foundation of the Commonwealth, departed Australia after more than 18 months in office and sailed from Brisbane with his family on his return to the United Kingdom.[36] Lord Hopetoun was succeeded by Lord Tennyson, the Governor of South Australia.
  • The Earl Cadogan announced his resignation as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland after seven years as the island's governor within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.[2] He would be succeeded on August 11 by the Earl of Dudley.
  • The current regulation U.S. Army “saber for all officers, Model 1902" was adopted on July 17, 1902 by authority of General Order No. 81. The M1902 officer's sabre remains the standard within the United States Army for ceremonial purposes.
  • The Texas Mexican Railway was converted to a standard gauge.

July 18, 1902 (Friday)[]

  • A spokesman for Buckingham Palace announced that the coronation of Edward VII and Alexandra as King and Queen Consort would take place in London on August 9.[2]
  • A public sea-water bath was opened at Kalvebod Brygge in Copenhagen.[37]
  • Born:
    • Chill Wills (Theodore Childress Wills), American film actor, best known for The Alamo and providing the voice of Francis the Talking Mule in a series of film comedies, in Seagoville, Texas (d. 1976)
    • Armitage Trail (pen name for Maurice R. Coons), American crime and detective fiction author known for his 1929 novel Scarface, adapted to film in 1932 and in 1983, in Madison, Nebraska (d. 1930 from heart failure)
    • Dimitar Panov, Bulgarian film and TV actor, in Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria (d. 1985)
  • Died:
    • Hamoud bin Mohammed, 49, Sultan of Zanzibar since 1896 (b. 1853)
    • Mark W. Bullard, 79, American pioneer who established homesteads in the American west, including the town of Lakeview, Oregon (b. 1822)

July 19, 1902 (Saturday)[]

July 20, 1902 (Sunday)[]

  • The first international match ever played by Argentina's national soccer football team took place in Uruguay's capital, Montevideo, at a field in the Paso del Molino barrio, where the Argentines were the guests of Uruguay's national team, which was also playing its first international match. Argentina won, 6 to 0, with the first-ever goal having been scored by Carlos Edgard Dickinson.[38] Both national teams would later win FIFA World Cup titles, Uruguay in 1930 and Argentina in 1978 and 1986.
  • Ali bin Hamud was proclaimed as the eighth Sultan of Zanzibar, two days after the death of his father, the Sultan Hamoud bin Mohammed.[2] Alexander Stuart Rogers, a British colonial official, was appointed as the regent for the Sultan until Ali reached the age of 21.[39]

July 21, 1902 (Monday)[]

  • Fluminense, a four-time national soccer football champion in Brazil, was founded in Rio de Janeiro.[40]
  • A German excursion steamer, Primus, sank in the Elbe River after being cut in two accidentally by a Hamburg America Line tugboat, Hansa, and 101 of the 206 people on board drowned.[41]
  • U.S. Army Major General Arthur MacArthur Jr., formerly the Governor-General of the Philippines, began his first job since his return to the United States, as commander of the United States Army's Department of the East.[41]
  • Born: Joseph Kesselring, American playwright, in New York City (d. 1967)

July 22, 1902 (Tuesday)[]

  • The International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, the world's oldest intergovernmental science organization, was founded in Copenhagen.
  • The British Museum Act was given the royal assent, empowering the trustees to remove "newspapers and other printed matter which are rarely required for public use" to a remote storage location. These would form the basis of the British Library Newspapers Division at Colindale, London.[42] Other legislation given royal assent on the same day were the University of Wales Act, the Musical Copyright Act, the Labour Bureaux Act, the Prison Officers Act, the Pauper Children Act and the Immoral Traffic Act.
  • Italian-born American prospector Felix Pedro discovered gold in an area north of the small trading post settlement of Fairbanks in the Alaska Territory, setting off the Fairbanks Gold Rush, the second wave of gold fever in Alaska, three years after the Klondike Gold Rush of 1896 to 1899.[43]
  • The town of Apache, Oklahoma, was incorporated in the course of allowing non-Indians to settle in the Kiowa, Comanche, and Apache Reservation in the former "Indian Territory" that is now the state of Oklahoma.
  • Died: Thomas Croke, 78, Irish Catholic bishop of Auckland, New Zealand, and Archbishop of Cashel in Ireland (b. 1824)

July 23, 1902 (Wednesday)[]

July 24, 1902 (Thursday)[]

  • Born: Esther Averill, American children's book writer known for her series of The Cat Club books, in Bridgeport, Connecticut (d. 1992)

July 25, 1902 (Friday)[]

  • Boxer Bob Fitzsimmons failed in his bid to recover the title of World Heavyweight Champion of boxing, when he was defeated by James J. Jeffries with an eighth-round knockout in San Francisco.
  • Club Olimpia, the first professional soccer football team in Paraguay, was founded in Asunción by Dutch merchant William Paats. It would win 38 league championships in its first 100 years of existence and three South American championships in the Copa Libertadores competition.
  • France's President Émile Loubet signed a decree under the Association loi de 1901, seizing Roman Catholic schools in Alsace-Lorraine.[41]
  • The U.S. state of Arkansas hanged seven condemned prisoners in a single day.
  • Died: Alfred Choubrac, 48, French painter and illustrator, from pneumonia (b. 1853)

July 26, 1902 (Saturday)[]

  • General Anténor Firmin, who had attempted to lead a revolution in Haiti for the formation of a union of Caribbean states, was declared an outlaw by the government of President Pierre Théoma Boisrond-Canal.[41]
  • Italy and Switzerland resumed diplomatic relations after mediation of their differences by Germany.[41]
  • Died: Charles Kendall Adams, 67, American educator and encyclopedia editor (b. 1835)

July 27, 1902 (Sunday)[]

  • The first major libel case of the 20th century was prompted by the publication, in the Philadelphia North American newspaper, falsely reported that Cheyenne Indian Chief White Buffalo had been arrested and was awaiting trial for the murder of three white women as part of a hate crime. The story, written by W. R. Draper of Wichita, Kansas, was purchased from Draper by the newspaper and then reprinted in other newspapers across the United States. White Buffalo and the founder of the Carlisle Indian School traveled to Philadelphia to refute the article and the North American printed a retraction, as well as filing criminal charges and a civil suit against Draper as a deterrent against other people who would submit a false article.[45]
  • A powerful earthquake struck Santa Barbara County, California.[41]
  • Born: Yaroslav Halan, Ukrainian Soviet Communist and playwright, in Dünow, Austria-Hungary (now in Dynów in Poland), (d. 1949, assassinated by independence activists)
  • Died: Gustave Trouvé, 63, French electrical engineer who invented miniature and less heavy electric motors and batteries, died from sepsis after accidentally cutting his thumb and index finger while working on his final invention for ultraviolet light therapy for treatment of skin diseases. (b. 1839)

July 28, 1902 (Monday)[]

  • President José Santos Zelaya of Nicaragua commuted the death sentence imposed on an American physician, Dr. Russell Wilson, by a Nicaraguan military court after Wilson had conspired with revolutionists to overthrow President Zelaya's government.[41]
  • A rare earthquake in the Great Plains states affected a 200 square mile area in northern Nebraska, northwest Iowa, South Dakota, and North Dakota.[41]
  • Born:
    • Karl Popper, Austrian philosopher, in Vienna (d. 1994)
    • Albert Namatjira, Australian painter, in Hermannsburg, Northern Territory, Australia (d. 1959)

July 29, 1902 (Tuesday)[]

  • The United Kingdom withdrew all of its claims to sovereignty over the Bay Islands off of the coast of Honduras, recognizing Honduran sovereignty over the six islands of Utila, Roatán, Guanaja, and several smaller islands.[41]
  • In the Leeds North by-election in the United Kingdom, brought about by the sitting Conservative MP, William Jackson, having been created Baron Allerton, Liberal candidate Rowland Barran took the seat from the Conservatives with a majority of 758.[46]

July 30, 1902 (Wednesday)[]

  • The militia was used to restore order in Shenandoah, Pennsylvania, after a street fight between striking coal miners and police, which resulted in at least one death.[47]
  • The 6th annual Bible Institute began at Earlham College, a Quaker institution in the United States.

July 31, 1902 (Thursday)[]

  • An explosion in an underground coal mine killed 96 men and boys working at a colliery in Mount Kembla, New South Wales in Australia.[48]
  • The Midwives Act 1902, regulating the profession of midwifery for the first time in the United Kingdom, was given royal assent and would take effect on April 1, 1903.
  • The inaugural Circuit des Ardennes motor race took place near Bastogne, Belgium and was won by British driver Charles Jarrott.
  • The lower section of the Great Orme Tramway, the longest funicular railway in the British Isles, was opened at Llandudno, Wales.[49]

References[]

  1. ^ Turner, Lawrence, ed. (1993). Raymond Remembered : Settlers, Sugars and Stampedes : A History of the Town and People of Raymond. Town of Raymond. pp. 12–154 to 12–157. ISBN 0-9697655-0-9.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Record of Current Events", The American Monthly Review of Reviews (August, 1902), pp. 151-154
  3. ^ "The History of the First Philippine Assembly (1907–1916)". Official Website. National Historical Commission of the Philippines. Retrieved 18 December 2011.
  4. ^ Ronald Hamowy, Government and Public Health in America (Edward Elgar Publishing, 2008) pp. 120–121
  5. ^ a b "History of Government and Laws, Part 15 History of Pitcairn Island". Pitcairn Islands Study Centre. Archived from the original on 2014-12-11. Retrieved 2015-07-04.
  6. ^ "Biographies of chairmen, managers & other senior officers". Steam Index. September 30, 2008. Archived from the original on 25 December 2008. Retrieved November 20, 2008.
  7. ^ Thomas Oldfield, "A new Cricetulus from Mongolia", Journal of Natural History (1905), 15 (87): 322–323
  8. ^ Marcel Cornis-Pope; John Neubauer (18 July 2007). History of the Literary Cultures of East-Central Europe: Junctures and disjunctures in the 19th and 20th centuries. Volume III: The making and remaking of literary institutions. John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 59. ISBN 978-90-272-9235-3. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
  9. ^ "Striker Shot Dead by Police". Daily News from Mount Carmel, Pennsylvania. July 2, 1902. Retrieved 25 March 2016.
  10. ^ Tingay, Lance (1977). 100 Years of Wimbledon. Enfield [Eng.]: Guinness Superlatives. ISBN 0900424710.
  11. ^ Dean Conant Worcester, The Philippines: Past and Present (Macmillan, 1914) p. 293
  12. ^ "Queensland General Election Dates 1860–1929" (PDF). Queensland Parliament. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
  13. ^ "GENERAL AMNESTY FOR THE FILIPINOS; Proclamation Issued by the President", The New York Times, July 4, 1902, p. 1
  14. ^ Walker, Jim (2006). Images of Rail: Pacific Electric Red Cars. Arcadia Publishing. p. 7. ISBN 0-7385-4688-7.
  15. ^ Mafia encyclopedia, Carl Sifakis, 2005, pp. 250–253
  16. ^ Virajananda, Swami, ed. (2006) [1910], The Life of the swami Vivekananda by his eastern and western disciples... in two volumes (Sixth ed.), Kolkata: Advaita Ashrama, pp. 645–662, ISBN 81-7505-044-6
  17. ^ "The Postponed Coronation and Appendix Operation of King Edward VII – 24 June 1902". blog.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk. The British Newspaper Archive. 23 June 2013. Archived from the original on 24 December 2013. Retrieved 21 December 2013.
  18. ^ "Holy See Considers Beatification of Girl Who Died Defending Her Virtue", The Catholic Advance (Wichita, Kansas), October 30, 1942, p. 11
  19. ^ "Murderer Views Vatican Rites Beatifying Girl He Killed", San Francisco Examiner, April 28, 1947, p. 1
  20. ^ "100,000 Look On As Child Is Made Saint Of Purity", Miami News, June 25, 1950, p. 1
  21. ^ Michael Balfour, Britain and Joseph Chamberlain (Faber & Faber, 1985)
  22. ^ Admiral Ben Moreell, Report on Water Resources and Power (Government Printing Office, 1955) pp. 1145-1146
  23. ^ David G. Savage, Guide to the U.S. Supreme Court (CQ Press, 2004) p. 961
  24. ^ The Rolling Mill Mine Disaster, by Steven Pavlik
  25. ^ Mark D. Winchester, Cartoon Theatricals from 1896 to 1927: Gus Hill's Cartoon Shows for the American Road Theatre (Ohio State University Press, 1995)
  26. ^ Edelman, Ángel (1991). Primera historia del Neuquén: recuerdos territorianos [Early history of Neuquén: Territorial memories]. Plus Ultra. ISBN 978-9-502-11017-2.
  27. ^ Produced, written and directed by David DeVries (2003-11-04). "Inviting Disaster 4". Modern Marvels. The History Channel.
  28. ^ Motoring Illustrated, August 2, 1902, pp. 215–216
  29. ^ "A Lady Navigates an Airship", Manawatu (NZ) Times, September 11, 1902, p. 3
  30. ^ "Village of Shuttleton Proclamation", Government Gazette of the State of New South Wales, p. 5129
  31. ^ "The History of the Pilgrims of Great Britain", PilgrimSociety.org
  32. ^ "The Pilgrims of the United States", PilgrimSociety.org
  33. ^ "History of Lonsdale", Lonsdale, Minnesota website
  34. ^ "Did You Know The First Air Conditioner Ever Was Installed In Brooklyn?", by Jen Carlson, Gothamist.com, July 12, 2012
  35. ^ Patent No. 808,897, Apparatus for treating air, Google Patents
  36. ^ Brian Carroll, Australia's Governors-General: From Hopetoun to Jeffery (Rosenberg, 2004) p. 32
  37. ^ "1902". Selskabet for Københavns Historie. Retrieved 2010-01-20.
  38. ^ "Historias, curiosidades y estadísticas de la Selección, tras sus 'primeros' 900 partidos" ("Stories, curiosities and statistics of the National Team, after its 'first' 900 games", El Grafico (June 2012)
  39. ^ "A.S. Rogers, Controversial British Official", by Christine Nicholls, Old Africa magazine, June 22, 2014
  40. ^ "A História", Fluminese FC website
  41. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Record of Current Events", The American Monthly Review of Reviews (September, 1902), pp. 281-284
  42. ^ The Public General Acts Passed in the Second Year of the Reign of His Majesty King Edward the Seventh. London: printed for His Majesty's Stationery Office. 1902.
  43. ^ "Exact date of Felix Pedro's gold discovery remains a mystery", by Dermot Cole, Fairbanks (AK) Daily News-Miner, July 22, 2002
  44. ^ Turner, Keith (1996). The Directory of British Tramways. Patrick Stephens Ltd. ISBN 1-85260-549-9.
  45. ^ "Charge of Faking: W. R. Draper Under Arrest in St. Louis", Wichita (KS) Daily Eagle, November 27, 1902, p. 8
  46. ^ The Constitutional Year Book, 1904, published by Conservative Central Office, page 169 (193 in web page)
  47. ^ "The Iron Age". No. vol. 70, page 45. Chilton Company. August 7, 1902.
  48. ^ C. E. R. Murray, Daniel Wilberforce and David Ritchie, Mount Kembla Colliery Disaster 31 July 1902 – Report of the Royal Commission, together with minutes of evidence and exhibits (New South Wales Legislative Assembly, 1903)
  49. ^ Turner, Keith (2003). The Great Orme Tramway – over a century of service. Llanrwst: Gwasg Carreg Gwalch. pp. 65–68. ISBN 978-0-86381-817-2.
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