Australian non-residential architectural styles
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Australian non-residential architectural styles are a set of Australian architectural styles that apply to buildings used for purposes other than residence and have been around only since the first colonial government buildings of early European settlement of Australia in 1788.
Their distribution follows closely the establishment and growth of the different colonies of Australia, in that the earliest colonial buildings can be found in New South Wales and Tasmania.
The classifications set out below are derived from a leading Australian text.[1]
Old Colonial Period (1788–c. 1840)[]
- Old Colonial Georgian; Old Colonial Regency; Old Colonial Grecian; Old Colonial Gothic Picturesque
Georgian[]
Hyde Park Barracks, Sydney; completed in 1819
St James' Church, Sydney; completed 1824
St Matthew's Anglican Church, Windsor, New South Wales. Completed 1820
Greenway Wing (Former Supreme Court of New South Wales) Sydney; completed 1828
Female Orphan School; Parramatta, New South Wales. Completed 1818
Old Liverpool Hospital (main block). 1822
Shipwrights Arms Inn, Millers Point, Sydney. Completed 1834
St Thomas Anglican Church, Port Macquarie, New South Wales. 1827
St Luke's Anglican Church, Liverpool, New South Wales. Completed 1820
St Peter's Anglican Church, Campbelltown, New South Wales; completed 1820s
The Old Windmill, Brisbane; completed 1824; Brisbane's oldest building
The Grange, Campbell Town, Tasmania; completed 1847
Regency[]
St James Old Cathedral. King Street, Melbourne; 1839-1849, resited 1914. One of Melbourne's oldest surviving buildings
Old King's School, Parramatta, New South Wales. Completed 1833
Lord Nelson Hotel, Millers Point, Sydney. Completed 1835
Sydney Mint. Sydney. Completed 1816. The oldest public building in Australia.
Parliament House, Sydney. Completed 1816
Hero of Waterloo Hotel, Sydney. Completed 1844
Orient Hotel, The Rocks, New South Wales
Grecian[]
The former Berrima court house, New South Wales. Completed in 1838
Darlinghurst Courthouse, Darlinghurst, Sydney. Completed 1844
St John's Anglican Church, Cooks Hill, Newcastle, New South Wales. Completed in 1860
Gothic Picturesque[]
The former government stables, now the Sydney Conservatorium of Music; completed in 1821, and a castellated example of the style
St James' Anglican Church, Morpeth, New South Wales; completed in 1840
St Patrick's Church, The Rocks, New South Wales; completed 1840
Christ Church St Laurence Haymarket, Sydney. Completed 1845
Holy Trinity Anglican Church (The Garrison Church), Millers Point, New South Wales; completed in 1846
Victorian period (c. 1840–c. 1890)[]
The Victorian period, generally aligned with the reign of Queen Victoria, covers the period from c. 1840 to c. 1890 and comprises fifteen styles, all prefaced by the word "Victorian", and are namely, in loose chronological order, Georgian, Regency, Egyptian, Academic Classical, Free Classical, Filigree, Mannerist, Second Empire, Italianate, Romanesque, Byzantine, Academic Gothic, Free Gothic, Tudor, Rustic Gothic, and Carpenter Gothic.
Victorian Georgian[]
Albury Court House, Albury, New South Wales; built 1860; Palladian-style
Campbelltown Post Office, New South Wales
Campbell's Stores, The Rocks; built 1850–1861
Fremantle Prison, Western Australia; built 1850–57
Victorian Regency[]
Old Government House, Brisbane, Queensland; completed 1862
Sydney School of Arts, 1861
Rockpool, The Rocks, Sydney
103 George Street, The Rocks, New South Wales
Dundee Arms Hotel, The Rocks, Sydney
Redfern Town Hall, New South Wales
Victorian Egyptian[]
Hobart Synagogue, Tasmania (1845)
Commonwealth Bank building, Murwillumbah, New South Wales
Launceston Synagogue, Tasmania. (1846)
Masonic Centre, Adelaide, South Australia. (1858)
Obelisk at junction of Elizabeth and Bathurst Streets, Sydney
Obelisk, Sydney, detail
Victorian Academic Classical[]
Parliament House, Adelaide, South Australia; completed in 1889
Old State Library Building, Brisbane; completed 1879
State Library of Victoria, Swanston Street, Melbourne, Victoria; completed 1856
Parliament House, Melbourne; completed 1856
Melbourne Trades Hall; completed 1875
Supreme Court of Victoria, Lonsdale Street, Melbourne; completed 1884
St Kilda Town Hall, Victoria; completed 1890
Former Hibernian Hall, Melbourne; completed 1887
Former Baptist Church House, East Melbourne, Victoria; completed 1863
Art Gallery of New South Wales; completed 1890s
Treasury Building, Sydney. Completed 1851
Customs House, Sydney; completed in 1887
Sydney Pharmacy School
Australian Museum, Sydney; completed in 1857
NSW Club House building; Sydney. Completed 1884
Carrington House; Bathurst, New South Wales. Completed 1890
Victorian Free Classical[]
North Sydney Post Office, New South Wales; built between 1885-89[2]
General Post Office, Sydney; built between 1866-91 and 1910 in the Free Classical and Italian Renaissance styles[3][4]
Goulburn Court House; built between 1885-87 and demonstrating Palladian concepts and Mannerist influences[5]
Gardiner House, Sydney. 1885
Paddington Town Hall, Paddington, Sydney; built between 1890-91[6]
Hong Kong House, Sydney central business district[7]
Sydney Trades Hall, Sydney central business district; built between 1888–1916[8]
Albury Post Office, Albury, New South Wales. Completed 1880
Bathurst Courthouse, New South Wales. Completed 1880
Grahame's Corner, Sydney. Completed 1882
Orange Post Office, New South Wales. Completed 1879
Pinnacle House, Sydney. Completed 1892
Royal Naval House, Sydney. Completed 1890s
Victoria Hotel in Albert Park, Victoria; completed 1888[citation needed]
Ballarat railway station, Ballarat, Victoria; completed in 1888[9]
Customs House, Brisbane, Queensland; built between 1886-89[10]
Fitzroy Town Hall, Victoria; completed in 1890[11]
Fremantle Town Hall, Western Australia; built between 1885-87[12]
National Hotel, Fremantle, Western Australia; built in the late 1800s
North Adelaide Congregational Church; built between in 1860-72[13]
Werribee Park Mansion in Werribee, Victoria; completed in 1877
Victorian Filigree[]
The Regatta Hotel in Toowong, Queensland, present building constructed in 1886
Goodman's Buildings in Annandale, New South Wales; constructed in stages between 1890-1912.
Reid's Coffee Palace, Ballarat, Victoria; completed 1886
Old Sir Joseph Banks Hotel north wing, Botany, New South Wales. Italianate Filigree style completed c. 1870.
The Sir William Wallace Hotel in Balmain, New South Wales; completed 1879
Victorian Mannerist[]
Notable examples in Australia include: Culwulla Chambers (Sydney); Old Police Station, The Rocks Block Arcade (Melbourne); Stalbridge Chambers (Melbourne), National Bank Pall Mall (Bendigo); RESI Chambers (Melbourne); Lygon Buildings, Medley Hall (Carlton, Victoria); Former Money Order Post Office and Savings Bank (Melbourne); Mutual Store (Melbourne);
Former Mutual Store, Flinders Street, Melbourne; completed 1891
Stalbridge Chambers, Little Collins Street, Melbourne; completed 1891
Benvenuta, Carlton, Victoria; completed 1893
Former Prahran Arcade, Prahran, Victoria; completed 1889
Lygon Buildings, Lygon Street, Carlton, Victoria; completed 1888
The Strand Arcade, Sydney; Completed in 1892
Culwulla Chambers, Sydney; completed in 1912
The Sydney Club, Sydney. Completed 1887
73 York Street, Sydney (right hand side). Completed 1890s
Agincourt Hotel; Chippendale, Sydney. Completed 1898
Cooma courthouse; Cooma, New South Wales
Victorian Second Empire[]
Notable examples include: Sydney Town Hall (Sydney); Hotel Windsor (Melbourne); Princess Theatre (Melbourne); Former Records Office (Melbourne); Melbourne General Post Office (Melbourne); Melbourne Town Hall (Melbourne); East Melbourne Synagogue (East Melbourne, Victoria); Royal Exhibition Building (Carlton, Victoria); Collingwood Town Hall (Collingwood, Victoria); South Melbourne Town Hall (South Melbourne, Victoria); Malvern Town Hall (Malvern, Victoria); Former Rechabite Hall (Prahran, Victoria); Brunswick Town Hall (Brunswick, Victoria); Camberwell Town Hall (Camberwell, Victoria); Bendigo Town Hall (Bendigo, Victoria); Shamrock Hotel (Bendigo Victoria); Bendigo Courthouse (Bendigo, Victoria); Bendigo Post Office (Bendigo, Victoria); Institute of Technology (Bendigo, Victoria); Queensland Parliament House (Brisbane)
Princess Theatre, Melbourne, Victoria; completed 1866
Queensland Parliament, Brisbane; completed 1868
Kew Asylum, Kew, Victoria; completed 1871
East Melbourne Synagogue. East Melbourne, Victoria; completed 1877
Royal Exhibition Building, Melbourne; completed 1880
South Melbourne Town Hall, South Melbourne, Victoria; completed 1880
Hotel Windsor, Melbourne, Victoria; completed 1883
General Post Office; completed 1887
Former Rechabite Hall, Prahran, Victoria; completed 1888
Malvern Town Hall, Malvern, Victoria; completed 1890
Bendigo Town Hall, Bendigo, Victoria; completed 1885
Bendigo Post Office, Bendigo, Victoria; completed 1892
Bendigo Court House, Bendigo, Victoria; completed 1892
Shamrock Hotel, Bendigo, Victoria; completed 1897
Grand Hotel, Healesville, Victoria
Chief Secretary's building, Sydney. Completed 1886. Also displays Victorian Free Classical architectural traits
Sydney Town Hall. Completed 1889
Waterloo Town Hall, Waterloo, New South Wales, with Victorian Italianate and Victorian Second Empire architectural elements. Completed 1881
City Bank building, Young, New South Wales.
Bathurst District Hospital, Bathurst, New South Wales. Completed 1886
Tenterfield Post Office, New South Wales with Victorian Second Empire and Victorian Italianate architectural elements. Completed 1880s
Victorian Italianate[]
Albury railway station, Albury, New South Wales; built 1881
Institute Building, Darlington, Sydney
Leichhardt Town Hall, New South Wales; completed in 1888
Balmain Court House, Balmain, Sydney. Completed 1888
Glebe Town Hall, Glebe, New South Wales; built between 1879-80[14]
Kings Hotel, Sydney. Completed 1879
Former National House (now Hotel CBD), York Street, Sydney
Redfern Post Office, Sydney. Completed 1882
Goulburn Post Office, New South Wales. Completed 1881
Forbes Post Office, New South Wales. Completed 1881
Royal Hotel, Queenscliff, Victoria
Grand Hotel, Yarra Glen, Victoria
Victorian Romanesque[]
St Michael's Uniting Church, Melbourne; completed 1866
Burns Philp Building, Sydney; completed 1901
St Mark's Church, Darling Point, New South Wales
St Saviours Anglican Church, Redfern, New South Wales
St Johns Church in Glebe, New South Wales; completed 1870
St Andrew's Church, Manly, New South Wales; completed in 1890[15]
Victorian Renaissance Revival[]
NSW Department of Lands building, in Bridge Street, Sydney, constructed between 1876 and 1892.[16]
Former Bank of NSW building, now KFC fast food restaurant, located at 107-109 Bathurst Street, Sydney, constructed between 1894 and 1895.[17]
Newcastle Customs House, New South Wales. Completed 1899
Victorian Byzantine[]
Jubilee Building, Perth; opened 1899
Holy Trinitity Orthodox Church; Surry Hills, Sydney. Completed 1890s
Victorian Academic Gothic[]
St Paul's Cathedral, Melbourne
St Peter's Cathedral, Adelaide; completed 1901
St Andrew's Cathedral, Sydney. Completed 1868
University of Sydney (main quadrangle); completed 1855
Anderson Stuart Building (University of Sydney); completed 1883
Old Pathology Building (University of Melbourne); completed 1885
St Peter's Cathedral, Armidale, New South Wales. Completed 1875
St John's College, Sydney
Victorian Ecclesiastical Gothic[]
St David's Uniting Church, Haberfield, Sydney; completed 1861 as a Presbyterian church
Victorian Free Gothic[]
Former Metropolitan Gas Company Buildings; Flinders Street, Melbourne; completed 1892; Venetian Gothic applied to a tall building
Ormond College, Melbourne University; completed 1881
Former Stock Exchange, Collins Street, Melbourne; completed 1888
Former Safe Deposit Building, Collins Street, Melbourne; completed 1890
ANZ Bank, 390 Collins Street, Melbourne; completed 1883
Old Rialto, Collins Street, Melbourne; completed 1888
Olderfleet Buildings. Collins Street, Melbourne; completed 1888
St George's Presbyterian Church, St Kilda East, Victoria; completed 1880
Victoria Brewery, East Melbourne, Victoria; completed 1882
The Great Synagogue, Sydney; completed 1878[18]
St Vincent's College, Potts Point, Sydney. Completed 1886
St Patrick's Seminary, Manly, New South Wales; completed 1885
Hunter Baillie Memorial Presbyterian Church, Annandale, New South Wales. Completed 1889
St Paul's Presbyterian Church; Armidale, New South Wales. Completed 1882
Former Sussex Street Public School, Sydney. Completed 1876
Nightingale Wing, Sydney Hospital. Completed 1869
Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales. Completed 1892
Rozelle Public School, Rozelle, Sydney
Victorian Tudor (Jacobethan)[]
Government House, Sydney with Gothic Picturesque elements. Completed 1845
Old Arts Building, University of Melbourne; completed 1857
Main Quadrangle, University of Sydney; completed 1862
Government House, Perth; completed in 1864
The Barracks Arch, Perth; completed in 1863
HM Prison Pentridge, Coburg, Victoria; completed in 1864
Old Registry Wing (Supreme Court of New South Wales), Sydney. Completed 1862
North Terrace, University of Adelaide
Victorian Rustic Gothic[]
St Mark's Rectory, Darling Point, Sydney
Tenterfield School of Arts, New South Wales.
Ryde Public School; Ryde, New South Wales
Manly Congregational Church, New South Wales
Former North Sydney Technical High School, North Sydney, New South Wales
Victorian Carpenter Gothic[]
Christ the King Church, Graceville, Queensland
Blayney Uniting Church; Blayney, New South Wales.
St John's Lutheran Church, Minyip, Victoria
Sandgate Baptist Church, Queensland
Edwardian period (c. 1890s–1910)[]
Edwardian architecture is generally less ornate than high or late Victorian architecture,[19] apart from a subset - used for major buildings - known as Edwardian Baroque architecture.
Edwardian Baroque[]
Notable examples include the Lands Administration Building in Brisbane, the Queen Victoria Hospital, Melbourne (main pavilion, now Queen Victoria Women's Centre), the Commonwealth Offices, Treasury Place, Melbourne, the Department of Education building in Sydney (1912)[20] and the General Post Office in Hobart.
Department of Education building, Sydney.
Land Administration Building, Brisbane. Completed 1905
Queen Victoria Hospital, Melbourne. Completed 1916
General Post Office, Hobart. Completed 1905
Federation period (c. 1890–c. 1915)[]
12 styles, each style name prefaced by "Federation":
- Academic Classical, Free Classical, Filigree, Anglo-Dutch, Romanesque, Gothic, Carpenter Gothic, Warehouse, Queen Anne, Free Style, Arts and Crafts, Bungalow
Federation Academic Classical[]
Mitchell Library, State Library of New South Wales, completed 1910
The Art Gallery of New South Wales, completed 1906
Newcastle Post Office, completed 1903
Federation Free Classical[]
Notable examples include: Sydney Hospital (Sydney), Taronga Zoo Pavilion (Sydney), the main terminus building of the Central railway station in Sydney,[21] Flinders Street station (Melbourne), Sacred Heart Church (St Kilda, Victoria), Read's Emporium (Prahran, Victoria), Old Royal Hotel (Williamstown, Victoria), the former Queensland Lands Administration Building (Brisbane).
Flinders Street station, Melbourne, completed 1910
Former Read's Emporium, Prahran, completed 1914
Old Royal Hotel, Williamstown, with arts and crafts influences
Sacred Heart Church, St Kilda, completed 1891
Former Lands Administration Building, Brisbane, completed 1905
Sydney Hospital, completed 1894
Queen Victoria Hospital, completed 1912
Perth Institute of Contemporary Arts Building, completed 1896
Central railway station, Sydney. Completed 1906
Former Parcels Post Office, Railway Square, Sydney. Completed 1913
Marcus Clarke Building (TAFE), Railway Square, Sydney. Completed 1910-1924
Taronga Zoo Sydney. Completed 1916
Thomas Walker Convalescent Hospital, Concord, New South Wales. Completed 1893
Federation Second Empire[]
Former Records Office. Queen Street, Melbourne. Completed 1900.
Town Hall Administration Buildings. Swanston Street, Melbourne. Completed 1908.
Federation Filigree[]
Exchange Hotel, Kalgoorlie, Western Australia. Completed 1900
Freemasons Hotel, Fremantle, Western Australia
Brass Monkey Hotel, Perth, Western Australia
P&O Hotel, Fremantle, Western Australia. Completed 1901
Palace Hotel, Childers, Queensland. Completed 1902
People's Palace, Brisbane, Queensland. Completed 1911
Federation Anglo-Dutch[]
The ASN Co building, Sydney a very early and rare pre-Federation version of the style; completed in 1885
City of Melbourne buildings, Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, a very early example of the style; completed in 1888
University of Melbourne main buildings, Carlton; completed in 1888
Prahran Market, Prahran; completed in 1891, early Anglo-Dutch
St Nicholas Hospital buildings, Carlton
Eastern Hill Fire Station, East Melbourne; completed in 1893
Winfield Building, Collins Street, Melbourne, also demonstrates Queen Anne traits; completed in 1891
Perseverance Hotel, Fitzroy
Corporation Building, Haymarket, Sydney. Completed 1893[22]
Crown Hotel, Sydney. Completed 1909
Newtown Post Office, Sydney. Completed 1894[23]
Santa Sabina College, Strathfield, New South Wales. Completed 1894[24]
Railway Institute Building, Surry Hills, Sydney. Completed 1890s[25]
Chamberlain Hotel, Sydney. Completed 1904
The Trocadero, Newtown, Sydney. Completed 1889[26]
York Hotel, Kalgoorlie, Western Australia. Completed 1901
Federation Romanesque[]
Queen Victoria Building, Sydney; completed in 1898
Old Museum Building. Brisbane, Queensland; completed in 1891
Bairnsdale Court House, Bairnsdale; completed in 1893
Perth Mint, Perth, completed in 1899
Fremantle Markets, Fremantle, Western Australia; completed in 1902
St Mary's Roman Catholic Church, Bairnsdale; completed in 1913
Our Lady of the Victories Basilica, Camberwell; completed in 1918
Hackett Hall, Perth; completed 1908, now part of the Western Australian Museum
354 George Street (Former Bank of Australasia), Sydney, Completed 1904
Former Societe Generale Building, Sydney. Completed 1895
Sydney Technical College (Former Sydney Technical High School building). Completed 1891
Shelbourne Hotel, Sydney. Completed 1902
Federation Gothic[]
A.C Goode House in Collins Street, Melbourne; completed in 1891
Camperdown Memorial Clock Tower in Camperdown, Victoria; completed in 1897
Sacred Heart Cathedral in Bendigo, Victoria; completed in 1896
RMIT Building 4, Swanston Street, Melbourne; completed in 1904
Registrar-General's building, in Sydney; completed in 1913
MacLaurin Hall, University of Sydney. Completed 1902-1909
Saints Mary and Joseph Cathedral; Armidale, New South Wales. Completed 1912
Federation Carpenter Gothic[]
Coonamble Anglican Church, New South Wales
St Mary's Church, Townsville, Queensland
The Uniting Church, Penguin, Tasmania. Completed 1903
The Uniting Church at Narooma, New South Wales; completed in 1914
Federation Warehouse[]
The Big Store. Prahran, Victoria; completed 1902, an early and exuberant example of the style
Federation Queen Anne[]
The Austral Buildings, Collins Street, Melbourne; completed in 1891
Professional Chambers, Collins Street, Melbourne; completed in 1908
The Sydney Corn Exchange, a rare remaining warehouse; built from 1887 and designed by George McRae[27]
Grace Brothers Department Store, Broadway, Sydney. Completed 1923
St Augustine's Church, Balmain, New South Wales. Completed 1905
Federation Free Style[]
Former Mechanics Institute, Prahran, Victoria
Provincial Hotel, Ballarat, Victoria; completed in 1909 A fanciful freestyle composition with art nouveau elements.
Dimmey's, Cremorne, Victoria
City Baths, Melbourne
York Post Office, York, Western Australia
Observer Hotel, The Rocks, Sydney. Completed 1908
Orchards Corner, Sydney
International House, Sydney
Kings Cross Hotel, Sydney
Pyrmont Fire Station, Sydney. Completed 1906
Federation Arts and Crafts[]
Victorian Artists Society, Albert Street, East Melbourne, Victoria
Glen Innes Post Office, New South Wales
Former Post & Telegraph Offices, Windsor, Victoria
The Jenolan Caves House, New South Wales
Federation Bungalow[]
Inter-War period (c. 1915–'c. 1940)[]
16 styles, each style name prefaced by "Inter-War":
- Georgian Revival, Academic Classical, Free Classical, Beaux-Arts, Stripped Classical, Commercial Palazzo, Mediterranean, Spanish Mission, Chicagoesque, Functionalist & Modern, Art-Deco, Skyscraper Gothic, Romanesque, Interwar Gothic, Old English, California Bungalow
Inter-war Georgian Revival[]
Albert Hall, Canberra, opened 1928
Elizabeth Murdoch Building, Victorian College of the Arts, Melbourne
Manly Town Hall, New South Wales
Inter-war Academic Classical[]
Brisbane City Hall; opened in 1930
Shrine of Remembrance, Brisbane; completed in 1930
Shrine of Remembrance, Melbourne; completed in 1934
Inter-war Free Classical[]
CML Building, Geelong; completed in 1923
Former Sydney Morning Herald building, Pitt Street, Sydney. Completed 1920s
Publlic Trust Office, Sydney. Completed 1926
Inter-war Beaux Arts[]
Former Melbourne Mail Exchange, Bourke Street, Melbourne; completed in 1917
Former Port Authority Building, Market Street, Melbourne
National Theatre. St Kilda, Victoria; completed 1920
Herald and Weekly Times Building, Flinders Street, Melbourne
Argus Building. LaTrobe Street, Melbourne; completed 1927. Features large giant order columns with Egyptian decorative motifs
General Post Office, Perth, Western Australia; completed 1923
Commonwealth Bank building, Forrest Place, Perth, Western Australia; completed 1933
Commonwealth Bank building, Martin Place, Sydney. Completed 1928
Perpetual Trustee building, Sydney. Completed 1917
Beaux Arts Style office block, Sydney
Banking House, Sydney. Completed 1912
Beaux Arts style commercial building in Broadway, Sydney
Inter-war Stripped Classical[]
Old Parliament House, Canberra, designed by John Smith Murdoch; opened 1927
T&G building in Geelong, Victoria; opened 1933
Wyvern House, Newington College; opened 1938
AMP building in Albury, New South Wales
Petersham Town Hall, New South Wales; designed in 1938
Rockdale Town Hall, New South Wales; designed in 1940
Inter-war Commercial Palazzo[]
Westpac Bank building. 33 Queen Street, Brisbane; completed 1920
London Stores. Elizabeth Street, Melbourne; completed 1922
Temple Court. Collins Street, Melbourne; completed 1924
Nicholas Building. Swanston Street, Melbourne; completed 1925
Former AMP Building. Collins Street, Melbourne; completed 1927
Myer Melbourne main store, Lonsdale Street, Melbourne; completed 1933
MacArthur Central. cnr Queen and Edward Streets, Brisbane; completed 1934
341 George Street, Sydney. Completed 1920s
Commercial Banking Company, George Street, Sydney. Completed 1920s
Trust Building; Sydney. Completed 1916
Gowings Building, Sydney. Completed 1929
Commonwealth Trading Bank building, Sydney. Completed 1916
Inter-war Mediterranean[]
Sydney and Melbourne buildings, City Centre, Australian Capital Territory; commenced building 1920s
St Kilda Sea Baths. St Kilda, Victoria
Markets, West End, Queensland
Inter-war Art Deco[]
Australian War Memorial; building completed 1941; Byzantine architecture style with strong styling elements of art deco throughout
Palais Theatre, Melbourne; completed 1927; Strong Byzantine influences
Elmslea Chambers, Goulburn, New South Wales; built 1933; it was one of the first buildings in Australia to use Glazed architectural terra-cotta in its façade
Forgan Smith Buildings and Great Court, University of Queensland; completed 1927
ANZAC War Memorial, Sydney; completed 1934.
Art Deco office building. Lonsdale Street, Melbourne. Obvious influences of North American skyscraper planning
Alkira House, Queen Street, Melbourne. One of the most striking Glazed architectural terra-cotta and glass brick clad Art Deco buildings in Australia
Gledden Building, Perth; completed in 1935. The Gledden Building was the only large commercial building in the Art Deco style ever built in Western Australia
AWA Tower, Sydney
Museum of Contemporary Art, Sydney. Completed 1940s
APA Building Martin Place, Sydney
State Theatre (Sydney). Competed 1929
City Mutual Life Assurance Building, Sydney. Completed 1936
Henry Davis York Building, Sydney.
Railway House, York Street, Sydney
Challis House, Martin Place, Sydney. Completed 1938
David Jones Building, Elizabeth Street, Sydney
Federation Skyscraper Gothic[]
Victoria Hotel on Little Collins Street, Melbourne
Grace Building, Sydney
Manchester Unity Building. Collins Street, Melbourne
Former Sun building
Former Sun building, Elizabeth Street, Sydney
Inter-war Chicagoesque[]
Capitol Theatre, Swanston Street, Melbourne; opened in 1924
Former Masonic Club, Flinders Street, Melbourne
Powerhouse, Brisbane
Love and Lewis building. Prahran, Victoria; completed in 1928
Dovers Building, by Hugh Ralston Crawford; completed 1908
Perth}}, Western Australia; completed 1927
Metropolitan Water Sewerage & Drainage Board Building Pitt Street, Sydney. 1939
- Ballarat House, Wentworth Avenue, Surry Hills; 1915[28]
- Former Cleveland Shoe Company Factory, Victoria Street, Erskineville; 1923[29]
- Former Wrigley's Factory, Crewe Place, Rosebery; 1919[30]
Inter-war Functionalist & Moderne[]
Lonsdale House, Lonsdale Street, Melbourne; architect IG Anderson; completed 1937; demolished 2010
Presgrave Building, Little Collins Street, Melbourne; completed 1938
Former Victoria carpark, Little Collins Street, Melbourne; completed 1939; Melbourne's oldest multi-storey carpark in the streamline moderne style
Hastings Deering, Crown Street, Woolloomooloo, New South Wales; Architects Lipson & Kaad; completed 1938; refurbished 2013
Interwar Gothic[]
Newman College, Melbourne; opened 1918
Montsalvat artists colony (Great Hall), Eltham, Victoria; re-uses architectural elements from demolished Collins Street buildings; completed 1938
Mary Immaculate Church, in Annerley, Brisbane, built between 1931 and 1939.[31]
Inter-war Old English (20th Century Tudorbethan)[]
Shopfront in Toorak, Victoria
A mock Tudor row on Commercial Road, South Yarra, Victoria
London Court shopping complex in Perth, Western Australia
Federation Functionalist & Moderne[]
The functionalist and moderne style often used combinations of blonde and brown bricks in linear vertical or horizontal patterns. Notable examples include: Museum of Contemporary Art (Sydney); Captain's Flat Hotel (NSW); Russell Street Police Headquarters (Melbourne); Astor Theatre (St Kilda, Victoria); Ballarat Law Courts (Ballarat);
Hotel at Captains Flat, New South Wales built 1938; Functionalist
Heidelberg Town Hall, Heidelberg, Victoria; built 1937; a fine example of interwar brick moderne
Former Police Headquarters, Russell Street, Melbourne; built 1940; an example of interwar brick moderne heavily influenced by North American skyscrapers
The Astor Theatre, St Kilda, Victoria; built 1937
Law Courts, Ballarat, Victoria
Post-War Period (c. 1940–1960)[]
5 styles, each style name prefaced by "Post-War":
- Ecclesiastical, International, Modern
Ecclesiastical[]
, South Perth, Western Australia built 1957
International[]
ICI House. East Melbourne, Victoria; Completed 1958. Early curtain wall glass buildings and tallest in Australia when completed.
Modern[]
Late Twentieth-Century Period 1960–2000[]
14 styles, each style name prefaced by "Late Twentieth Century":
- Stripped Classical, Ecclesiastical, International, Organic, Brutalist, Structuralist, Late Modern, Post Modern, Immigrants' Nostalgic
Stripped Classical[]
National Library of Australia, Canberra; completed 1964.
Dallas Brooks Hall, East Melbourne, Victoria; completed 1969.
Parliament House - East Wing, Perth, Western Australia; completed 1964.
International[]
Australia Square, Sydney. Completed 1967. Australia's first true modern skyscraper.
Optus Centre, Melbourne. Completed 1975.
MLC Centre, Sydney. Completed 1977.
Edmund Barton Building, Canberra. Completed 1974
Perth Council House, opened 1963.
Organic[]
Parliament House, Canberra. A mixture of Organic and contemporary stripped classical elements. Completed 1988.
Brutalist[]
Notable examples include: Sydney Masonic Centre/Civic Tower (Sydney); AAPT Centre (Sydney); Sydney Law School (Sydney); Cameron Offices (Canberra); High Court of Australia (Canberra); State Library of Queensland (Brisbane); Queensland Performing Arts Centre (Brisbane); Law Courts (Brisbane); Suncorp Metway Plaza (Brisbane); National Gallery of Victoria (Melbourne); Total carpark (Melbourne); World Trade Center (Melbourne); Harold Holt Memorial Swimming Pool (Malvern, Victoria); St Kilda Public Library (St Kilda, Victoria); Plumbing Trades Employees Union of Australia Building (Melbourne); University of Melbourne Faculty of Engineering (Melbourne); Metropolitan Fire Brigade (East Melbourne, Victoria); R.A.W. Woodgate Centre (Kew, Victoria); UTS Tower (University of Technology, Sydney); St Anthony's Church (Marsfield, Sydney). See Category:Brutalist architecture in Australia.
High Court of Australia. Canberra. Completed in 1980.
National Gallery of Victoria. St Kilda Road, Melbourne. Completed in 1962.
Queensland Performing Arts Complex. South Brisbane, Queensland. Completed 1985
AAPT Centre (formerly QANTAS). Sydney. Completed 1982
Law Courts. Brisbane. Completed 1976-77
10 Murray Street. Hobart. Completed 1969
East Perth Terminal. Completed 1976.
Perth Concert Hall. Completed 1973.
Structuralist[]
Sydney Opera House is often difficult to classify. Completed 1973.
The Australian Academy of Science building, named the "Shine Dome", Canberra, designed by Roy Grounds, completed 1959
Sidney Myer Music Bowl. Melbourne. Completed 1959. One of the earliest examples of a tensile structure
Lexus Centre (former Olympic Pool). Melbourne. Completed 1956.
Brisbane Convention & Exhibition Centre. Completed 1995. Complex load bearing hyperbolic paraboloid roof design, a precursor to 21st Century structuralism.
Late Modern[]
AMP Place. Brisbane. Completed in 1977. An early example of late modern curtain walled mirror glass skyscraper.
200 Queen Street. Melbourne. Completed in 1983. Curved mirror glass skyscraper.
Rialto Towers, Melbourne; completed 1986. Australia's best example of a mirror glass corporate skyscraper
Waterfront Place, Brisbane. Completed 1989.
Governor Phillip Tower, Sydney. Completed 1994.
QV1, Perth. Completed in 1991.
Deutsche Bank Place, Sydney. Completed in 2005, a more recent example of the late modern style
Post Modern[]
A subset of postmodernism is mock-historicism tries to imitate historic styles using modern materials to the point where it is difficult to tell them apart from historic buildings. The most imitated styles are those that are easiest to clone (including the Georgian style).
Paddy's Markets redevelopment (completed 1976). Haymarket, New South Wales. Tower is reflective of the building style
The Jam Factory redevelopment (completed 1979). Chapel Street, South Yarra, Victoria. Completed in 1979. Feature mock historical elements juxtaposted with old factory
Former Australian Stock Exchange (completed 1990). Collins Street, Melbourne. Features a classical inspired podium base and Georgian inspired pyramid roof.
120 Collins Street (completed 1991). Collins Street, Melbourne. Evocative of an interwarNorth American skyscraper.
Chifley Tower (completed 1992). Sydney. Inspired by interwar North American skyscraper
Hotel Grand Chancellor (completed 1993). Launceston, Tasmania. Mock historic composition of Georgian and Second Empire styles.
RMIT Building 8 (completed 1993). Swanston Street, Melbourne. Uses novel decorative elements and references to pop-culture.
Boundary Street retail buildings (completed 1999). West End, Queensland. A cartoonish take on Victorian Mannerism.
Westin Hotel (completed 2000). Collins Street, Melbourne. Evocative of the Second Empire.
Apartments (completed 2001). Port Melbourne, Victoria evocative of the Second Empire.
Aurora Place, Sydney. Completed 2000
HSBC Building, George Street, Sydney. Completed 1987
Deconstructivist[]
Notable examples include Green Building RMIT; Deakin University main building; Australian Centre for Contemporary Art; Gottlieb House (Melbourne)
Storey Hall (The Green Building). RMIT. Swanston Street, Melbourne. Completed 1994. One of the earliest examples of Deconstructivist design in Australia.
450 Swan Street. Completed 1995. Deconstructivist form integrates an old bank with new offices.
Immigrant's Nostalgic[]
St Spyridon Greek Orthodox Church, Kingsford, New South Wales. Completed in 1975
Auburn Gallipoli Mosque, Auburn, New South Wales. Completed in 1999
21st-century architecture[]
Several new and continued 20th-century styles, all prefaced with "21st-century" - Deconstructivist, Post modern, Structuralist, Sustainable, Modern
Deconstructivist[]
Notable examples include Fed Square; Shrine of Remembrance crypt; (Melbourne) Swan Bells (Perth)
Swan Bells. Perth. Completed in 2000.
Federation Square. Melbourne. Completed 2002.
Australian Centre for Contemporary Art. Southbank, Victoria. Completed 2002
Post Modern[]
National Museum of Australia. Completed 2001.
building at the Digital Harbour precinct, Melbourne Docklands. Completed 2008.
Perth Arena. Completed 2012.
Structuralist[]
Advanced structuralism facilitated by Computer Aided Design
Docklands Stadium. Melbourne; completed 2000.
Southern Cross station, Melbourne; completed 2006.
Carousel Pavilion, Geelong; completed 2006.
ANZ Stadium, Sydney Olympic Park. Completed 1999
Olympic Park railway station, Sydney. Competed 1998
Sustainable[]
Notable examples in Australia include: 60L (Melbourne); CH2 (Melbourne); K2 Apartments (Windsor, Victoria); Dunc Gray Velodrome (Sydney); (Tasmania); (Noonamah, Northern Territory).
. Windsor, Victoria. Completed 2006. Highly visible solar panels, prominent natural ventilators and use of natural materials.
Council House 2. Little Collins Street, Melbourne. Completed 2006. World's first 6 star green rating building features louvered facade, natural and recycled materials, solar panels and thermal mass cooling.
Dunc Gray Veledrome. Sydney, New South Wales
Green building[]
Modern[]
Victoria Point, Melbourne Docklands; completed 2005.
Freshwater Place, Southbank, Victoria; completed 2006.
Eureka Tower, Southbank, Victoria; completed 2006.
Brisbane Square. Brisbane; completed 2006.
Queensland Gallery of Modern Art. Brisbane; completed 2008.
Brookfield Place, Perth, completed 2012.
200 George Street, Sydney, 2016
World Square, Sydney. 2005
International Convention Centre Sydney. Completed 2017
See also[]
References[]
- ^ Apperly, Richard; Irving, Robert; Reynolds, Peter (1989). A pictorial guide to identifying Australian architecture (Paperback, 1994 ed.). Sydney, Australia: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-207-18562-5.
- ^ "North Sydney Post Office". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Office of Environment and Heritage. H01417. Retrieved 2 June 2018.
- ^ "General Post Office". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Office of Environment and Heritage. H00763. Retrieved 13 October 2018.
- ^ Thalis, Philip; Cantril, Peter John (2013). Public Sydney: Drawing the City. Sydney, Australia: Historic Houses Trust and Content, Faculty of Built Environment, University of New South Wales, Australia. pp. 112–117. ISBN 9781876991425.
- ^ "Goulburn Court House and Residence". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Office of Environment and Heritage. Retrieved 17 November 2017.
- ^ "Paddington Town Hall". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Office of Environment and Heritage. H00561. Retrieved 13 October 2018.
- ^ "Gresham Hotel". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Office of Environment and Heritage. H00291. Retrieved 13 October 2018.
- ^ "Sydney Trades Hall". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Office of Environment and Heritage. H00322. Retrieved 13 October 2018.
- ^ "Ballarat Railway Complex". Victorian Heritage Database. Heritage Council of Victoria. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
- ^ "Brisbane Customs House (former) (entry 600156)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 1 August 2014.
- ^ "Fitzroy Town Hall". Victorian Heritage Database. Heritage Council of Victoria. Retrieved 14 October 2008.
- ^ Hutchinson, David (1987). Fremantle Town Hall, 1887-1987. City of Fremantle. ISBN 0731602005.
- ^ "Architects of South Australia - Architect Details - Frost, Thomas". Architects of South Australia. Architecture Museum, University of South Australia. Retrieved 18 December 2016.
- ^ "{{{2}}}". New South Wales Heritage Database. Office of Environment and Heritage. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
- ^ Cummins, Audrey (25 September 2011). "St Andrew's Manly". The Sydney Organ Journal. Organ Historical Trust of Australia. 29 (3, Winter 1998).
- ^ "Lands Department Building". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Office of Environment and Heritage. Retrieved 29 December 2016.
- ^ "Bank of NSW". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Office of Environment and Heritage. H00080. Retrieved 13 October 2018.
- ^ "Great Synagogue". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Office of Environment and Heritage. H01710. Retrieved 14 October 2018.
- ^ "Bricks & Brass: Edwardian Style". Bricksandbrass.co.uk. Retrieved 2016-10-25.
- ^ "Department of Education Building". NSW State Heritage Register. Office of Environment & Heritage, Government of New South Wales. 9 February 2015. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
- ^ "Central Railway Station and Sydney Terminal Group". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Office of Environment and Heritage. Retrieved 18 October 2017.
- ^ "Sydney Architecture Images- Newtown Post Office". sydneyarchitecture.com. Retrieved 2019-10-13.
- ^ "Sydney Architecture Images- Newtown Post Office". sydneyarchitecture.com. Retrieved 2019-10-13.
- ^ "Sydney Architecture Images- Newtown Post Office". sydneyarchitecture.com. Retrieved 2019-10-13.
- ^ "Sydney Architecture Images- Newtown Post Office". sydneyarchitecture.com. Retrieved 2019-10-13.
- ^ "Sydney Architecture Images- Newtown Post Office". sydneyarchitecture.com. Retrieved 2019-10-13.
- ^ "Corn Exchange". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Office of Environment and Heritage. H01619. Retrieved 14 October 2018.
- ^ "Ballarat House". NSW Government Office of Environment & Heritage. Archived from the original on 14 November 2020. Retrieved 15 February 2021.
- ^ "Former Cleveland Shoe Company factory including interiors". NSW Government Office of Environment & Heritage. Archived from the original on 16 July 2018. Retrieved 15 February 2021.
- ^ "Former Wrigley's factory including interiors". Heritage NSW. Archived from the original on 15 February 2021. Retrieved 15 February 2021.
- ^ "Mary Immaculate Catholic Church" (PDF). Brisbane Heritage Register. City of Brisbane. May 2003. Retrieved 5 July 2021.
This article includes a list of general references, but it remains largely unverified because it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (December 2016) |
- Ulrike Laule, Rolf Toman, Achim Bednorz - Architecture of the Middle Ages - Background to the Gothic Revival style.
- George Wilkie - Building Your Own Home - Section on Architectural Styles
- https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.geocities.com/asiedydd/styles.htm&date=2009-10-25+12:44:01
- http://www.canberrahouse.com.au/organic.html
- http://www.wiki.jeremymacpherson.net/index.php?title=Research_Guide_1:_Buildings#Key_Architectural_Styles
- sydneyarchitecture.com Chronology of Styles in Australian Architecture- https://web.archive.org/web/20140908110249/http://sydneyarchitecture.com/STYLES/search-style.htm
External links[]
- Photo of St Paul's Cathedral taken from the steps of Flinders Street Station[permanent dead link]
- Architectural styles
- Architecture of Australia