Bikol languages
Bikol | |
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Geographic distribution | Bicol Region |
Linguistic classification | Austronesian
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Subdivisions |
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ISO 639-2 / 5 | bik |
Glottolog | biko1240 |
Geographic extent of Bikol languages according to Ethnologue
Bikol proper
Bisayan languages in the Bikol region |
The Bikol languages or Bicolano languages are a group of Central Philippine languages spoken mostly in the Bicol Peninsula in the island of Luzon, the neighboring island province of Catanduanes and the island of Burias in Masbate. There is a dialect continuum between the Visayan languages and the Bikol languages; the two together are called the Bisakol languages.[by whom?]
Internal classification[]
Ethnologue[]
The languages of Bikol grouped according to Ethnologue are:
- Coastal Bikol (Northern)
- Isarog Agta language
- Mount Iraya Agta language
- Central Bikol language
- Canaman dialect (standard)
- Naga City dialect
- Partido dialect
- Tabaco-Legazpi-Sorsogon (TLS) dialect
- Daet dialect
- Virac dialect
- Southern Catanduanes Bikol language
- Inland Bikol (Southern)
- Mount Iriga Agta language (extinct)
- Albay Bikol languages
- Buhinon language
- Libon language
- West Miraya language
- East Miraya language
- Rinconada Bikol language
- Highland / Sinabukid dialect
- Agta variant
- Iriga variant (standard)
- Lakeside / Sinaranəw dialect
- Baao variant
- Bato variant
- Bula-Pili variant
- Nabua-Balatan variant
- Highland / Sinabukid dialect
- Northern Catanduanes Bikol (Pandan Bikol)
McFarland (1974)[]
Curtis McFarland gives the following classification for the Bikol languages.[1]
Bikol |
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Lobel (2000)[]
This section's factual accuracy is disputed. (June 2019) |
While McFarland (1974) splits Bikol into 11 dialects, Lobel (2000) splits Bikol into 12 different dialects (including Partido Bikol, which McFarland does not differentiate) and 4 main branches.[2]
- Northern Coastal Bikol
- Central Standard – Spoken primarily in Tabaco City, Legazpi City, and Naga City. Also recognized (and sometimes understood) in Daet, Camarines Norte and many other areas of Camarines Sur; San Pascual, Masbate on Burias Island; First District of Albay and other municipalities along the eastern coast of Albay, southwestern coast of Catanduanes, and northeastern Sorsogon.
- Daet area variant
- Naga City area variant
- Catanduanes southern and northern town of San Andres and Caramoran and North Sorsogon
- Partido – Spoken in the Camarines Sur municipalities of Ocampo, Goa, Tigaon, Lagonoy, Sagñay, and San Jose. This dialect has a mellow intonation and is heavily influenced by Rinconada Bikol/Riŋkonāda.
- South Catanduanes – Spoken in the southern half of Catanduanes.
- Virac area variant
- Bato area variant
- Baras area variant
- San Miguel variant (transitional to North Catanduanes)
- Southern Coastal and Inland Bikol
- Rinconada Bikol – Spoken primarily in Iriga City, Baao; Bula; Balatan; Baao; and Nabua, Camarines Sur. Also in Ocampo, Buhi and Pili in Camarines Sur and in parts of Polangui, Albay.
- Buhinon – Spoken in Buhi, Camarines Sur. Contains features from both Bikol of Polangui and Iriga variant of Rinconada Bikol.
- Libon – Spoken in Libon, Albay.
- West Miraya – Spoken in Ligao City, Polangui, Oas, and Pio Duran, Albay.
- East Miraya – Spoken in Guinobatan; Camalig; Daraga; Jovellar, Albay; Donsol and Pilar, Sorsogon.
- Central (Guinobatan)
- Far East (Camalig, Daraga)
- Southeast (Jovellar, Albay, Donsol, Pilar)
- Northern Catanduanes
- Pandan Bikol – Spoken by about 80,000 people or the northern half of Catanduanes.
- Bagamanoc area variant
- Caramoran area variant (transitional to South Catanduanes)
- Gigmoto area variant (transitional to South Catanduanes)
- Pandan area variant
- Panganiban area variant
- Viga area variant
- Central Sorsogon – Spoken in Sorsogon City; Castilla; Casiguran; and Juban, Sorsogon.
- Castilla Sorsogon (mixed with Legazpi Bikol)
- Casiguran-Juban variant
- Southern Sorsogon also known as Gubat language – Spoken in Gubat; Barcelona; Bulusan; Santa Magdalena; Matnog; Irosin; and Bulan, Sorsogon.
- Masbateño – Spoken in Masbate City; Mobo; Uson; Dimasalang; Palanas; Masbate; Aroroy on the island of Masbate, all of Ticao Island, and Claveria on the southern half of Burias Island.
- Standard Masbateño
- Ticao Island variant
Some dialects of Southern Bikol have the close central unrounded vowel /ɨ/ as a reflex of Proto-Austronesian *e. However, Proto-Austronesian *e is realized as /o/ in Libon. Two Bikol dialects have unique additional consonants, namely Southern Catanduanes, which has an interdental lateral consonant /l̟/ (also transcribed as l̪͆ ),[3][4] and Buhi-non, which has the voiced velar fricative /ɣ/.[5]
See also[]
- Vocabulario de la lengua Bicol
References[]
- ^ McFarland (1974)
- ^ Lobel, Tria & Carpio (2000)
- ^ Olson, Kenneth S.; Machlan, Glenn; Amangao, Nelson (2008). "Minangali (Kalinga) Digital Wordlist: Presentation Form". Language Documentation & Conservation. 2 (1). hdl:10125/1772.
- ^ "Interdental Lateral". Xiller Yañez's Weblog. March 17, 2012. Archived from the original on May 3, 2018. Retrieved October 30, 2015.
- ^ Lobel, Jason (2009). "Bikol". In Brown, K.; Ogilvie, S. (eds.). Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World. Oxford: Elsevier. pp. 158–161. ISBN 978-0-08-087775-4.
Sources[]
- Lobel, Jason William; Tria, Wilmer Joseph S.; Carpio, Jose Maria Z. (2000). An satuyang tataramon/A Study of the Bikol Language. Naga City, Philippines: Lobel & Tria Partnership, Co.: Holy Rosary Minor Seminary.
- McFarland, Curtis D. (1974). The Dialects of the Bikol Area (PDF) (Ph.D. thesis). Yale University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-10-31.
External links[]
Wikivoyage has a phrasebook for Bikol. |
- Translate Bikol, an online English–Bikol and Bisakol languages translator.
- A Bikol language database is available through the Kaipuleohone archive.
- Bikol dialects (McFarland 1974)
- Bikol languages
- Central Philippine languages
- Languages of the Philippines
- Bicolano