Bisu language
Bisu | |
---|---|
Native to | Thailand, China |
Ethnicity | 700 in Thailand (2007)[1] |
Native speakers | 240 in China (2005)[1] |
Language family | Sino-Tibetan
|
Writing system | Thai script, Latin script |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | bzi |
Glottolog | bisu1244 |
ELP | Bisu |
Bisu (Chinese: 毕苏语) is a Loloish language of Thailand, with a couple thousand speakers in China. Varieties are Bisu proper (Mbisu) and Laomian (Guba), considered by Pelkey to be distinct languages.
The Laomian are classified within the Lahu ethnic group; the Lahu proper call them the "Lawmeh".[2]
Distribution[]
According to Bisuyu Yanjiu 毕苏语研究 (2002), there are over 5,000 Bisu speakers in Yunnan, China, and a total of nearly 10,000 Bisu speakers in all countries combined. Within Yunnan, it is spoken mostly in Pu'er Prefecture, as well as neighboring parts of Xishuangbanna.
- Lancang County 澜沧县
- Zhutang 竹塘乡
- Dazhai 大寨, Laomian 老面[3] (see Laomian language)
- Laba 拉巴乡
- Donglang 东朗乡
- Fubang 富邦乡
- Zhutang 竹塘乡
- Menghai County 勐海县
- Mengzhe 勐遮乡
- Laopinzhai 老品寨[4] (see Laopin language)
- Mengzhe 勐遮乡
- Ximeng County 西盟县
- Lisuo 力锁乡
- Menglian County 孟连县
- Nanya 南雅乡
In Thailand, two dialects of Bisu are spoken in the following villages of Phan District, Chiang Rai Province (Bisuyu Yanjiu 2002:152).
- Dialect 1: Huai Chomphu village (also called Ban Huaisan) and Doi Pui village
- Dialect 2: Phadaeng village
Another variety of Bisu differing from the Phayao variety is spoken in Takɔ (Ban Thako), Mae Suai District, Chiang Rai Province.
In Laos, Bisu (pi33 su44; also called Lao-Phai) is spoken in Phudokcham village, Phongxaly District.[5]
Orthography[]
In Thailand, the Bisu language is written with the Thai script.
Consonants[]
- ก – k – [k]
- ข – kh – [kʰ]
- ค – g – [g]
- ง – ŋ – [ŋ]
- จ – č – [t͡ʃ]
- ช – čh – [t͡ʃʰ]
- ซ – s – [s]
- ฌ – š – [ʃ]
- ญ – ñ – [ɲ]
- ฑ – th – [tʰ]
- ฒ – c – [ts]
- ด – d – [d]
- ต – t – [t]
- ธ – th – [tsʰ]
- น – n – [n]
- บ – b – [b]
- ป – p – [p]
- พ – ph – [pʰ]
- ม – m – [m]
- ย – y – [j]
- ล – l – [l]
- ว – w – [w]
- อ – (none) – [-]
- ฮ – h – [h]
- ฮม – hm – [hm]
- ฮน – hn – [hn]
- ฮญ – hñ – [hɲ]
- ฮง – hŋ – [hŋ]
- ฮล – hl – [hl]
- ฮย – hy – [hj][6]
Vowels[]
- -ั – a – [a]
- -า – aa – [aː]
- -ิ – i – [i]
- -ี – ii – [iː]
- -ึ – ʉ – [ʉ]
- -ื – ʉʉ – [ʉː]
- -ุ – u – [u]
- -ู – uu – [u
- เ-็ – e – [e]
- เ- – ee – [eː]
- แ-็ – æ – [æ]
- แ- – ææ – [æː]
- โ-ะ – o – [o]
- โ- – oo – [oː]
- -็อ – ɔ – [ɔ]
- -อ – ɔɔ – [ɔː]
- เ-อะ – ə – [ə]
- เ-ิ – əə – [əː]
- เ-า – aw – [aw]
- ไ- – ay – [aj][6]
Tones[]
- -่ – low
- – - mid
- -้ – high
References[]
- ^ a b Bisu at Ethnologue (17th ed., 2013)
- ^ Bradley (2007)
- ^ "Láncāng Lāhùzú Zìzhìxiàn Zhútáng Xiāng Lǎotànshān Lǎomiǎnzhài" 澜沧拉祜族自治县竹塘乡老炭山老缅寨 [Laomianzhai, Laotanshan, Zhutang Township, Lancang Lahu Autonomous County]. ynszxc.gov.cn. Archived from the original on 2018-08-16. Retrieved 2013-03-02.
- ^ "Měnghǎi Xiàn Měngzhē Zhèn Mànhóng Cūnwěihuì Lǎopǐn Zìráncūn" 勐海县勐遮镇曼洪村委会老品自然村 [Laopin Natural Village, Manhong Village Committee, Mengzhe Town, Menghai County]. ynszxc.gov.cn. Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2013-03-02.
- ^ Kingsadā, Thō̜ngphet; Shintani, Tadahiko (1999). Basic Vocabularies of the Languages Spoken in Phongxaly, Lao P.D.R. Tokyo: Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA).
- ^ a b "Bisu". Omniglot. Archived from the original on 2019-07-05.
- Bradley, David (2007). "Language Endangerment in China and Mainland Southeast Asia". In Brenzinger, Matthias (ed.). Language Diversity Endangered. New York: Mouton de Gruyte.
External links[]
- Southern Loloish languages
- Languages of Thailand
- Languages of Laos
- Languages of China