COVID-19 pandemic in Newfoundland and Labrador

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COVID-19 pandemic in Newfoundland and Labrador
DiseaseCOVID-19
Virus strainSARS-CoV-2
LocationNewfoundland and Labrador, Canada
First outbreakWuhan, Hubei, China
Arrival dateMarch 14, 2020[1]
(1 year, 5 months, 2 weeks and 2 days)
Confirmed cases1,437
Active cases32
Hospitalized cases2
Recovered1,391
Deaths
7
Fatality rate0.49%
Government website
Newfoundland and Labrador Covid-19 Pandemic Update Hub

The COVID-19 pandemic in Newfoundland and Labrador is an ongoing viral pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a novel infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As of July 5, 2021, there have been 1400 cases and seven deaths confirmed in Newfoundland and Labrador.

The province announced its first presumptive case on March 14, 2020, and declared a public health emergency on March 18. Health orders, including the closure of non-essential businesses, and mandatory self-isolation for all travellers entering the province (even from within Canada) were enacted over the days that followed. After the initial outbreaks, the number of cases in Newfoundland remained relatively low, with several stretches of days with no cases over early-to-mid-2020. The province began a gradual lifting of restrictions on a five-stage scale on May 11, 2020.

Cases continued to remain relatively low and stable over the summer months of 2020, although several clusters (including the first case involving a school student) emerged in November and December. In February 2021, the province began to experience a major surge in new cases and community transmission, including its largest single-day increases to-date. On February 12, 2021, a second lockdown was declared after samples from these cases tested positive for the highly-transmissible SARS-CoV2 variant B.1.1.7. The province began to emerge from the second lockdown on February 27, returning to its prior state ("Alert Level 2") with modifications on March 27.

Timeline[]

Initial outbreaks, first lockdown[]

On March 14, the first presumptive case was announced in the province.[1] On March 16, this increased to three cases. Chief Medical Officer Janice Fitzgerald stated that these new cases "are contacts to the previous case and are not unexpected."[2] The Newfoundland and Labrador English School District announced that it had suspended in-person classes.[3] A public health emergency was officially declared by Health Minister John Haggie on March 18, which introduced the first wave of health orders enforceable by law, with fines of $2,500 and up to six years imprisonment for individuals, and up to $50,000 for companies.[4]

On March 18, 2020, the province began to enact orders pursuant to the public health emergency; public gatherings were restricted to 50 people, and all arenas, bars, cinemas, and gyms were ordered closed. Restaurants were limited to 50% in-person capacity.[4] On March 20, the province mandated that anyone entering Newfoundland, including from other provinces, must self-isolate for 14 days on arrival.[5] On March 21, Newfoundland and Labrador Liquor Corporation stores were closed to in-person shopping.[5][6] On March 23, the province ordered the closure of personal care services and non-essential retail stores. Gatherings were also limited to 10 people, and visitation at long-term care homes was prohibited province-wide that evening.[7]

On March 23, the number of cases in Newfoundland and Labrador increased to 24.[7] On March 24, a woman was arrested in Corner Brook for refusing to self-isolate after she returned from a trip outside the province.[8] By March 25, the number of cases had risen to 67; 44 of them were associated with an outbreak at Caul's Funeral Home in St. John's, which occurred between March 15 and 17.[9][10] On March 30, the province reported Newfoundland's first COVID-19-related death, a 78 year-old with underlying conditions. The case had been linked to the Caul's outbreak. The province reached 148 cases.[11]

Easing restrictions, the Atlantic Bubble[]

By mid-April, the number of daily cases had lessened, including streaks of days with no new cases at all.[12] By April 30, 2020, there had been 258 cases and 3 deaths in Newfoundland and Labrador, no new cases in the last four days, and only two in the past 13. Fitzgerald announced a plan to gradually lift restrictions using a five-tier framework of "Alert Levels", with the existing restrictions classified as Alert Level 5. One immediate change was that households were now allowed to form a "bubble" with one other household for close contacts.[13]

On May 4, 2020, Newfoundland enacted a strict ban on entry into the province by non-residents unless otherwise exempted.[14] On May 5, 2020, the House of Assembly passed a bill to amend the Public Health Protection and Promotion Act, authorizing police officers to stop vehicles, enter any premises, and detain people and take them to the border if they are not complying with public health measures.[15][16][17] On May 7, 2020, the province reported its first increase in active cases since April 6.[18]

Newfoundland and Labrador entered "Alert Level 4" on May 11, which allowed some businesses and low-risk recreational activities to resume.[19] On May 20, the province reported its first new case in 20 days, bringing its total to 261. The case was identified as being related to travel.[20]

The province advanced to "Alert Level 3" on June 8, allowing the reopening of non-essential retail, in-person dining at restaurants, and "medium-risk" outdoor recreation. Fitzgerald stated that only one new, aforementioned case tied to travel had been recorded during the timeframe of Alert Level 4. She stated that the province could transition to "Alert Level 2" within at least three weeks, but that "there's a lot of things that we would be considering, and no one thing in particular will necessarily make that decision for us."[21][22] On June 17, Fitzgerald announced that the province would move to Alert Level 2 on June 25, after having lasted 20 days without new cases.[23]

On June 24, 2020, it was announced that an "Atlantic Bubble" would be formed beginning July 3, under which residents of the Atlantic provinces would be able to travel between them without self-isolation requirements. Travel into the bubble from outside of the provinces would still be subject to restrictions, and was subject to rules enforced on a provincial basis.[24][25] By July 3, Newfoundland had gone 36 days without new COVID-19 cases.[26] On July 10, the 43-day streak ended with one new case announced, involving a traveler who had recently returned from Ontario.[27] On July 21, Newfoundland reported another new case related to travel, followed by one more involving a close contact of said patient.[28]

On August 17, 2020, Fitzgerald announced that the province would mandate the wearing of face masks within enclosed public spaces beginning August 24.[29] The Newfoundland and Labrador English School District also unveiled its back-to-school plan for K-12 students.[30]

On October 3, 2020, the province reported its fourth COVID-19-related death, its first since April. The patient had returned from Central Africa on September 29, and died on October 1.[31]

Collapse of the Atlantic Bubble, increasing caseload[]

On November 18, 2020, Fitzgerald identified a potential outbreak at the Blue Crest Cottages retirement home in Grand Bank, with a cluster of four cases tied to the facility.[32]

On November 22, 2020, amid an increase in cases over the weekend on Newfoundland, the town council of Deer Lake issued a request for all non-essential businesses to close through December 7.[33] On November 23, 2020, the province announced that it had detected the first COVID-19 case within its school system, involving a student at Elwood Elementary in Deer Lake. Education Minister Tom Osborne announced that Elwood Elementary would close for the next two days.[34] Premier Andrew Furey announced that Newfoundland would suspend its participation in the Atlantic Bubble for at least 14 days.[35][36]

By December 4, 2020, the province had reached 343 total cases, with 27 active. Premier Furey announced that the province had established a logistics team for distribution of COVID-19 vaccines, and stated that they would be "highly suggested" but not mandatory.[37] On December 5, 2020, a cluster was identified in Harbour Breton after three people tested positive. Out of an abundance of caution, classes were suspended at St. Joseph's Elementary and King Academy on December 7.[38][39] A mobile testing clinic was set up in the community, with public health officials encouraging all residents to be tested.[40]

UK variant outbreaks, second lockdown[]

On February 8, 2021, 11 new cases were reported, in Newfoundland's largest single-day increase since April 2020. The province reported that there had been a large number of close contacts associated with two positive cases at a St. John's high school.[41] 30 cases were reported on February 9, all in the Eastern health region. It was the province's second largest daily increase to-date. Fitzgerald stated that this was evidence of wide community transmission, and ordered a circuit breaker in St. John's effective at midnight. Gatherings held by "recognized" businesses and organizations were restricted to 20 participants, restaurants were capped at 50% capacity, and all recreational facilities were ordered closed.[42][43]

On February 10, the province reported a single-day high of 53 new cases, with most said to be among those under the age of 20, and all among residents of the Eastern health region (including one who was tested in Central but resides in Eastern). Fitzgerald warned that low case counts in the province had led to complacency, and that "we are now seeing the repercussions." Additional restrictions were also announced, including the closure of all non-essential businesses in the St. John's metropolitan area, and the province-wide suspension of all group and team sports, and all group arts and cultural activities involving close contact.[44] The Newfoundland and Labrador English School District suspended all in-person classes in the area through at least February 26.[45]

On February 11, Newfoundland announced 100 new cases, its largest increase to-date, with all but one in the Eastern health region. The province issued various self-isolation orders for students who had participated in gatherings or team sports within the St. John's area, and made anyone showing a COVID-19 symptom eligible to receive testing. Fitzgerald commented on the surge, explaining that "'I'm not trying to say that they did anything wrong; I just think that it's what got us to where we are, I'm not judging anybody; it's just what has gotten us here and what we need to change so that we can get ourselves out of here." Fitzgerald also stated that health officials were sending out samples to be sequenced for SARS-CoV-2 variants.[46] In-person voting for 18 ridings in the 2021 Newfoundland and Labrador general election was postponed indefinitely.[46]

On February 12, the province announced 50 new cases.[47] Later that night, Fitzgerald announced that 19 samples sent to a laboratory in Winnipeg had sequenced for Lineage B.1.1.7 (the "UK variant"), and that all recent outbreaks would be assumed to have involved this strain. Fitzgerald therefore declared a second lockdown with a province-wide rollback to Alert Level 5, including the closure of all non-essential businesses, and strict restrictions on gatherings. It was concurrently announced that due to the lockdown, all in-person voting for the 2021 general election would be cancelled, with the election being conducted exclusively with mail-in ballots—the first election to do so in Canadian history.[48][49][50]

On February 24, the province announced its fifth COVID-19-related death, its first since October 2020. Fitzgerald stated that an update on provincial restrictions would be issued on February 26, but that "as long as the variant circulates outside our province, it will make its way back into our province. This means we are always at risk for another outbreak if we don't remain vigilant.". She also warned residents to not take the recent decline in cases as a "false sense of security".[51] The province confirmed a sixth death and four new cases on February 27.[52]

Return to Alert Level 2[]

On February 26, Fitzgerald announced that due to community transmission being limited outside of the St. John's region (with only five presently-active cases being outside of the Eastern region), the rest of the province outside of the Avalon would revert to Alert Level 4 effective 12:01 a.m. on February 27. The Avalon remained at Alert Level 5, and all alert levels would be re-evaluated in two weeks.[53][54] On March 13, all levels were decreased by one, with the Avalon downgraded to Alert Level 4, and the remainder of the province at Alert Level 3.[55]

On March 24, Fitzgerald announced that the entire province would return to Alert Level 2 effective 12:01 a.m. on March 27, but with modifications in order to discourage excessive close contacts. Most gatherings will be capped at 50 people, and households may form a social bubble with up to 20 close, consistent contacts. Team sports leagues must obtain permission to resume competitive play by submitting proposals to the health authority.[56]

Provincial response[]

Alert level system[]

On April 30, Fitzgerald unveiled A Foundation for Living with COVID-19, a framework of five Alert Levels that would allow for restrictions to be gradually lifted. Fitzgerald explained that the term "alert level" was used rather than terms such as "phase", to encourage residents to remain "alert, vigilant and aware" even at lower levels.[13]

All alert levels are subject to other public health orders and guidance, including practicing social distancing, proper hygiene, wearing face masks when in an enclosed public space, limiting non-essential travel, and conducting remote work whenever possible.[57]

Foundation for Living with COVID-19 alert level system[13][22]
Alert Level Restrictions
Alert Level 1 The province will consider lifting long-term restrictions.
Alert Level 2
  • Gatherings organized by recognized businesses and organizations are limited to 50 people.[58]
  • Households may form a social bubble with up to 20 close, consistent contacts.[58]
  • Wakes are prohibited at funerals.
  • Sports and recreational facilities, performance spaces, and indoor entertainment facilities are limited to 50 people.
  • Bars and restaurants may operate at 50% capacity.[56]
  • Campsites may offer overnight camping.
  • Places of worship may operate with restrictions.
Alert Level 3
  • Outdoor gatherings, and weddings and funerals limited to 20 people. Visitations are permitted.
  • Restaurants may offer in-person dining with a reduced capacity. Buffets are prohibited.
  • All bars and lounges must close.
  • Outdoor pools may re-open with reduced capacity, and "medium-risk" outdoor recreation may resume. Gyms, arenas, and fitness facilities remain closed.
  • Campsites may offer limited overnight camping.
Alert Level 4
  • Outdoor gatherings, weddings, funerals, and burial services limited to 10 people.
  • Households may form a "bubble" with one other household.
  • Some health care services may resume.
  • Non-essential retail stores, personal care services, private health clinics, and animal grooming services may re-open, subject to restrictions.
  • Low-risk outdoor recreation such as fishing and golf are permitted, subject to guidance.
  • Restaurants may not offer in-person dining.
  • All campsites must close.
  • Professional services, workplace training, gardening centres, and animal daycares may resume in-person operations.
Alert Level 5
  • Gatherings, burials, and weddings limited to five people. Funerals are prohibited.
  • All non-urgent health care is suspended. All private health clinics, except those of a physician or nurse practitioner, must close to non-urgent care.
  • All retail businesses that do not provide "services essential to life, health or personal safety of individuals and animals" must close.
  • All gyms and recreational facilities, performance spaces, cinemas, campsites, and playgrounds must close.

Travel restrictions[]

On March 18, 2020, Newfoundland mandated that anyone entering the province from outside of Canada must self-isolate for 14 days upon their return.[4] On March 20, Newfoundland mandated that anyone entering the province from elsewhere in Canada must also self-isolate.[5] On April 22, a partial exception was introduced for employees of the agriculture, hydroelectricity, mining, oil and gas, transport, and trade sectors; they must still self-isolate from the general public for 14 days, but may attend work if they do not show any signs of COVID-19 symptoms.[59]

On May 4, 2020, the province enacted a strict travel ban; only residents of the province, employees of the aforementioned industrial businesses, and those otherwise approved by the Chief Medical Officer, are allowed to travel into Newfoundland.[14]

On May 20, 2020, the travel ban was challenged in the Supreme Court of Newfoundland and Labrador by Nova Scotia resident Kim Taylor and the Canadian Civil Liberties Association. Taylor had been barred from entering the province to attend her mother's funeral, and argued that the travel ban violated the guarantee of freedom of movement in Section 6 of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms.[60] In September 2020, the Court upheld the ban. Although agreeing with the opinion that the ban did violate Section 6 of the Charter, Justice Donald Burrage ruled that the ban was a reasonable limit as allowed by Section 1. He stated that "while restrictions on personal travel may cause mental anguish to some, and certainly did in the case of Ms. Taylor, the collective benefit to the population as a whole must prevail", and that "[her] right to mobility must give way to the common good."[61]

Due to the number of cases within Atlantic Canada being relatively low, Premier of Prince Edward Island Dennis King suggested in June 2020 that a travel corridor could be formed among them as early as July. Premier Dwight Ball stated that "first and foremost, any final decision that would be made on this would be have to be made in consultation with our public health officials."[62] On June 24, 2020, the Council of Atlantic Premiers announced that they had agreed to form a travel corridor, the "Atlantic Bubble", which would allow residents of the Atlantic provinces to travel between them without being required to self-isolate on arrival. The agreement would begin on July 3 [24]

On November 23, 2020, amid an increase in cases, Premier Andrew Furey announced that Newfoundland would suspend its participation in the Atlantic Bubble for 14 days. Essential travel by residents of Atlantic provinces would not require an exemption, but became subject to a self-isolation requirement.[35] On December 7, Premier Furey ruled out plans to rejoin the bubble until at least 2021, as other provinces also began to suspend their participation due to local spikes.[63] On March 18, 2021, plans were announced to reform the Atlantic Bubble no earlier than April 19, although this was later delayed to May due to outbreaks and lockdowns in New Brunswick.[64][65]

Impact[]

The Liberal Party delayed its leadership election from May to August as a result of the pandemic.[66]

References[]

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