COVID-19 pandemic in the San Francisco Bay Area

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For effects of the pandemic in the state, see COVID-19 pandemic in California.

COVID-19 pandemic in the San Francisco Bay Area
Federal Medical Station, San Mateo County Event Center (17).jpg
A Federal Medical Station in San Mateo shortly after it opened
DiseaseCOVID-19
Virus strainSARS-CoV-2
LocationSan Francisco Bay Area, California, U.S.
First outbreakWuhan, Hubei, China
Index caseSanta Clara County
Arrival dateJanuary 27, 2020[1]
Confirmed cases523,442 in 9 counties
Recovered170,792 in 5 counties
Deaths
5,977 in 9 counties

The San Francisco Bay Area, which includes the major cities of San Jose, San Francisco, and Oakland, was an early center of the COVID-19 pandemic in California.[2] The first case of COVID-19 in the area was confirmed in Santa Clara County on January 31, 2020.[3] A Santa Clara County resident (with no foreign travel history) was the earliest known death caused by COVID-19 in the United States, on February 6,[4] suggesting that community spread of COVID-19 had been occurring long before any actual documented case. This article covers the 13 members of ABAHO, which includes the nine-county Bay Area plus the counties of Monterey, San Benito, and Santa Cruz.

Local officials instituted some of the first mitigation efforts in the United States. The first mandatory shelter-in-place order in the mainland U.S. took effect throughout the Bay Area on March 16 and 17 and continued until mid-May,[5] affecting nearly 6.7 million people.[6] The early government response is credited with mitigating the spread of infection compared to cities on the East Coast.[2][7]

Closures due to the pandemic have resulted in mass unemployment and significant disruptions to the economy, replacing local governments' budget surpluses with historic deficits. The pandemic accelerated the adoption of distance learning among schools and telecommuting among businesses, especially in the technology industry. Air quality around San Francisco Bay improved as a result of a temporary decline in traffic volume.

Prevalence[]

COVID-19 pandemic medical cases in the San Francisco Bay Area by county
CountiesCases[a]Recov.[b]DeathsPop. (2019)C/1MRef.
9523,4425,9777,739,37867,634
Santa Clara132,504?1,7311,927,85268,731d c[8]
Alameda107,492?1,3121,671,32964,315d c[9]
Contra Costa87,80682,5978691,153,52676,120d c[10]
San Mateo48,061?595766,57362,696d c[11]
San Francisco46,432?583881,54952,671d c[12]
Solano39,80038,445266447,64388,910d c[13]
Sonoma36,49833,373353494,33673,832d c[14]
Marin14,0077,030187258,82654,117d c[15]
Napa10,8429,34781137,74478,711d c[16]
  1. ^ Cumulative cases reported by each county's health department. Cases reported are those of county residents, including those who tested positive elsewhere in California.
  2. ^ Counties differ in what they consider to be a recovery.
Confirmed cases per capita of COVID-19 in the San Francisco Bay Area by county, colored by cases per capita:
  10.00%+ confirmed infected
  3.00%–10.00% confirmed infected
  1.00%–3.00% confirmed infected
  0.30%–1.00% confirmed infected
  0.10%–0.30% confirmed infected
  0.03%–0.10% confirmed infected
  0.00%–0.03% confirmed infected

Despite strong economic, cultural, and travel ties between California and China, the Bay Area's hospitalization rate and death toll have stayed below initial projections and have compared favorably to East Coast cities. Researchers have hypothesized that the pandemic's initial impact was blunted by relatively early social distancing measures along with a variety of other factors, including lower population density, a strong car culture and low public transportation ridership, favorable weather in February, and even a loss by the San Francisco 49ers at Super Bowl LIV, discouraging celebrations.[2][7]

As of May 26, 2020, the nine counties of the Bay Area plus Santa Cruz County have reported a cumulative total of 13,060 confirmed cases and 434 confirmed deaths due to COVID-19. Alameda County has more confirmed cases and deaths than any other county in Northern California, followed by Contra Costa County. Some counties have released breakdowns of cases by jurisdiction.[17] In Alameda County, Hayward has the highest per capita rate of infection at 270.2 people per every 100,000, while Oakland has the highest number of cases. San Mateo and San Jose have the highest number of cases in San Mateo and Santa Clara counties, respectively.[18]

As of May 17, 2020, the North Bay counties of Marin, Napa, and Sonoma have reported a cumulative total of 345 recoveries from COVID-19. The other Bay Area counties do not report the number of recoveries, because tracking this number requires more resources per case and federal guidelines are not specific enough to draw conclusions. A study at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), is tracking outcomes several months after infection.[19]

The Hispanic population in the Bay Area has been disproportionately affected by infections. The poor, largely Latino neighborhoods in East San Jose account for 34% of Santa Clara County's first deaths due to COVID-19 despite being Latinos making up only 23% of the adult population. Almost 70% of the neighborhoods' working-age population is unable to work from home.[20][21] Also Filipino Americans in the Bay Area have also been disproportionately affected by COVID-19 infections, and make up the majority of cases in San Mateo County, California.[22] In San Francisco, about 40% of Hispanics have been confirmed infected, compared to 15% of the general population. The largely Latino Mission District has the highest number of cases of any neighborhood, with more than 40 cases per 10,000 residents.[18] UCSF systematically tested 2,959 residents in a 16-block census tract in the Mission District in April, finding that 2% tested positive. Infection rates differed significantly between essential workers and residents who were able to stay at home during the pandemic.[23]

Localized outbreaks of COVID-19 have occurred at factories and care facilities, including the Tesla factory in Fremont where over 130 people tested positive,[24] the Lusamerica Foods fish packing plant in Morgan Hill where 38 people tested positive,[25] the Central Gardens skilled nursing home in San Francisco's Western Addition where four residents died,[26] and the Windsor Vallejo Care Center in Vallejo where more than 130 people became infected and eleven residents died.[27]

The number of confirmed cases is believed to fall significantly short of actual infection rates due to limited testing capacity throughout the pandemic.[28] As of May 20, 2020, San Francisco has collected 5,000 tests for every 100,000 residents, while Santa Clara County has collected about 2,600 tests for every 100,000 residents. Santa Clara County set up three testing sites in San Jose, but the sites are operating well below capacity, in part because of Spanish- and Vietnamese-language barriers.[29]

Several local studies have attempted to determine seroprevalence in the absence of widespread clinical testing. Based on serology tests in early April, a revised preprint study from Stanford University estimated that Santa Clara County up to 54,000 residents, or 2.8% of the population, had been infected, compared to the 1,000 confirmed cases at the time. In an earlier preprint, the study's authors had estimated an even higher rate of infection but therefore calculated a lower mortality rate. Despite academic controversy over the study's methodology, which prompted the revision, the preprint fueled opposition to stay-at-home orders in the United States.[30][31][32][33] The university has begun an investigation into the study.[34] In addition to its study in San Francisco's Mission District, UCSF is conducting a similar study of all 1,680 residents in the rural community of Bolinas, and the University of California, Berkeley, is testing a representative sample of 5,000 East Bay residents.[32]

In October 2020, Santa Clara County began wastewater surveillance of the SARS-CoV-2 virus's RNA at the San José–Santa Clara Regional Wastewater Facility and three other regional wastewater treatment plants in Palo Alto, Sunnyvale, and Gilroy, which together serve the vast majority of residents in the county.[35]

Progression[]

A billboard along U.S. Route 101 in San Carlos encourages San Mateo County residents to donate personal protective equipment to healthcare workers.

Early cases[]

There has been speculation that COVID-19 may have been circulating in the Bay Area by December 2019. Ongoing "lookback studies" are attempting to identify the index case. An initial preprint of a study at Stanford University Medical Center has found no infected samples from November and December 2019.[36] As of February 14, 2021, the earliest known cases in Santa Clara County have been dated to January 27, 2020.[1]

On January 31, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) announced the first confirmed case of COVID-19 in the Bay Area and the seventh in the United States, a man in Santa Clara County who had recently traveled to Wuhan.[3] The man recovered at home and was released from in-home isolation on February 20.[37] On February 2, the CDC confirmed a second area case in a Santa Clara County woman who had also recently traveled to Wuhan. The two cases were unrelated.[38]

On February 6, 57-year-old Patricia Dowd of San Jose became the first COVID-19-related death in the U.S. discovered by April 2020. She died at home without any known recent foreign travel, after being unusually sick from flu in late January, then recovering, working from home, and suddenly dying on February 6. A February 7 autopsy[39] was completed in April (after virus tests on tissue samples) and attributed the death to transmural myocardial ischemia (infarction) with a minor component of myocarditis due to COVID-19 infection. Her case indicates that community transmission was happening undetected in the U.S., most likely since December.[40][41][42][43][44]

On February 26, a case of unknown origin was confirmed in a resident of Solano County.[45][46] The UC Davis Medical Center in Sacramento said that, when the person was transferred there on February 19, the medical team suspected it was COVID-19 and asked the CDC to test for SARS-CoV-2. The CDC initially refused since the person, who had no known exposure to the virus through travel or close contact with a known infected individual, did not meet the criteria for testing. The person was ultimately tested on February 23; the test results returned positive on February 26.[47]

After this first case of community transmission in the U.S.,[48] the CDC revised its criteria for testing patients for SARS-CoV-2 and, on February 28, began sending out the new guidelines for healthcare workers.[49][50]

Cases by county over time[]

See or edit raw graph data.


See or edit raw graph data.


See or edit raw graph data.


See or edit raw graph data.


See or edit raw graph data.


See or edit raw graph data.


See or edit raw graph data.


See or edit raw graph data.


See or edit raw graph data.


Government response[]

Further information: COVID-19 pandemic in California § Government response
A public safety alert sent on March 16 by Santa Clara County about the shelter-in-place order
As of April 7, the Santa Clara County Public Health Department and Stanford University School of Medicine projected that the county would have had several times more cases of COVID-19 by May without the regional and state shelter-in-place orders

The Bay Area public health response to the pandemic is being coordinated through the Association of Bay Area Health Officers (ABAHO), an organization consisting of the public health officers of 11 counties and two cities that was established in the 1980s to fight the AIDS epidemic in San Francisco.[51][52] The health officers act in unison to avoid political pushback. ABAHO is informally divided between the "Big Seven", consisting of Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, San Mateo, and Santa Clara counties and the cities of Berkeley and San Francisco; and Santa Cruz, Monterey, Napa, San Benito, Sonoma, and Solano counties on the periphery of the Bay Area.[52]

Unlike the shelter-in-place order, orders to wear face coverings such as cloth face masks while in public took effect at different times depending on the jurisdiction.


2020[]

  • February 10: Santa Clara County declares a local health emergency. At the time, there were two confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the county and no known community transmission.[53]
  • February 25: San Francisco Mayor London Breed declares a state of emergency that would allow city officials to assemble resources and personnel to expedite emergency measures in the event of a potential coronavirus case in the city.[54][55]
  • February 27: Solano County declares a local health emergency to bolster response to COVID-19 cases.[56]
  • March 9: Santa Clara County bans public gatherings of more than 1,000 people. Over the next few days, the county expands the bans to cover all gatherings, from San Jose Sharks games to library story hours, and closes all bars and pubs.[57]
  • March 16: The "Big Seven" public health departments issued a joint shelter-in-place order, legally requiring all non-essential businesses to close and residents to stay at home except for essential needs, effective March 17.[58] It was the first such order in the mainland United States, coming a day after Puerto Rico went into lockdown.[59][52]
  • March 17: The March 16 stay-at-home order is adopted by the remaining Bay Area county health departments.[52] Santa Clara County has enforced its shelter-in-place order with one of the strictest interpretations in the state.[60] The orders were timed to preempt Saint Patrick's Day celebrations.[52]
  • March 30: The "Big Seven" health officers extend the shelter-in-place order to May 3,[61] easing some restrictions on outdoor activity.[62]
  • April 13: Sonoma County issues a mask mandate effective April 17.[63]
  • April 15: Fremont issues a mask mandate effective immediately.[64]
  • April 17: Santa Clara County issues a mask advisory. The county refrained from issuing a mandate in order to avoid adding to police departments' enforcement responsibilities.[65][66]
  • April 22: Mask mandates take effect in Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, San Francisco, and San Mateo Counties.[67]
  • April 24: Mask mandates take effect in Milpitas and Cupertino.[68]
  • April 29: The shelter-in-place order is extended again to May 31.[5]
  • May 4: Santa Clara County issues a mask mandate for businesses.[69] Palo Alto issued a face mask order on May 13.[66]
  • May 7: The Big Cities Health Coalition estimates that the Bay Area's shelter-in-place orders prevented 188,000 hospitalizations and 19,000 deaths in Santa Clara County, Alameda County, and San Francisco.[7]
  • May 14: San Benito County meets the California Department of Public Health's criteria to resume dine-in service at restaurants as part of phase 2 of Governor Gavin Newsom's statewide reopening plan.[70]
  • May 15: San Mateo County issues a new shelter-in-place order ahead of the Bay Area-wide order that expired on May 31. The county's order allowed nonessential retail and other businesses to offer curbside pickup service. This order, which aligned with phase 2 of the state reopening plan, marked the first departure from the unified front that Bay Area health officials had maintained until then.[71]
  • May 18: Despite initial reservations by Contra Costa and Santa Clara county health officials, they and their counterparts in Alameda County, Berkeley, Marin County, and San Francisco issue a joint order on that implemented phase 2 reopening.[72][73] Napa, Santa Cruz, Solano, and Sonoma counties were also moving forward with phase 2.[74][75]
  • May 26: Napa, San Benito, Solano, and Sonoma Counties begin allowing hair salons and barbershops to reopen.[25]
  • July 13: The San Francisco Zoo reopens to members with reservations required.
  • July 14: University of California-Berkeley Botanical Gardens reopens to members with reservations required.
  • July 15: The San Francisco Zoo reopens to the general public with reservations required.[76]
  • July 22: University of California-Berkeley Botanical Gardens reopens to the general public with reservations required.[77]
  • August 31: The statewide Blueprint for a Safer Economy reopening plan comes into effect. Napa and San Francisco Counties are at Substantial, while all other Bay Area counties are at Widespread.
    • Napa County directly follows the state's reopening guidelines.
    • San Francisco delays the reopening of businesses.[78]
  • September 1: San Francisco allows personal care services and indoor malls to reopen.
  • September 8: Santa Clara and Santa Cruz Counties are upgraded from Widespread to Substantial. Both counties directly follow the state's reopening guidelines.[79][80]
  • September 14: San Francisco allows indoor nail salons, piercing shops, tattoo parlors, and indoor fitness/dance/yoga studios to reopen.
  • September 15: Marin County is upgraded from Widespread to Substantial. The county directly follows the state's reopening guidelines.[81]
  • September 21: San Francisco allows museums/zoos/aquariums and elementary schools to reopen. Elementary schools in San Francisco Unified School District remain closed.
  • September 22:
    • Alameda, San Mateo, and Solano Counties are upgraded from Widespread to Substantial.
      • Alameda County delays the reopening of businesses.[82]
      • San Mateo and Solano Counties directly follow the state's reopening guildines.[83][84]
    • The de Young Museum reopens to members with reservations required. The de Young Observation Level, Coat Check, de Youngsters Studio, and Piazzoni Murals Room remain closed.[85]
  • September 25:
    • The de Young Museum reopens to the general public with reservations required. The de Young Observation Level, Coat Check, de Youngsters Studio, and Piazzoni Murals Room remain closed.
    • Alameda County allows nail salons to reopen. Nail salons have since been allowed to reopen statewide.
  • September 29:
    • San Francisco County is upgraded from Substantial to Moderate. The reopening of businesses is delayed.
    • Contra Costa County is upgraded from Widespread to Substantial. The county directly follows the state's reopening guidelines.[86]
  • September 30: San Francisco allows indoor dining and places of worship to reopen.
  • October 7: San Francisco allows movie theaters to reopen without concessions.[87]
    • The National Association of Theatre Owners of California/Nevada stated that their cinemas in San Francisco would remain closed due to the concessions ban, as it "makes it economically impossible for our members to reopen and significantly limits the moviegoing experience for our audiences."[88]
  • October 9: Alameda County allows museums, zoos, aquariums, personal care services, libraries, fitness/dance/yoga studios, and outdoor film production to reopen.
  • October 13:
    • Alameda and Santa Clara Counties are upgraded from Substantial to Moderate.
      • Alameda County delays the reopening of businesses.
      • Santa Clara County follows the state's guidelines, with the exception of allowing indoor restaurants to increase their capacity beyond 25%.[89]
    • San Benito County is upgraded from Widespread to Substantial. The county directly follows the state's reopening guidelines.
    • Alameda County allows elementary schools to reopen.
    • The California Academy of Sciences in Golden Gate Park reopens to members with reservations required. Exhibits and spaces with a high degree of interactivity or where it is difficult to maintain physical distance remain closed, including the Morrison Planetarium, the Naturalist Center, the Curiosity Grove, and the Discovery Tidepool.[90]
  • October 20:
    • San Francisco County is upgraded from Moderate to Minimal. The reopening of businesses is delayed.
    • Napa County is upgraded from Substantial to Moderate. The county directly follows the state's reopening guidelines but delays the reopening of businesses by one day.
  • October 21: Bentley School reopens for grades K–5.
  • October 22: The California Academy of Sciences reopens to the general public with reservations required. Exhibits and spaces with a high degree of interactivity or where it is difficult to maintain physical distance remain closed, including the Morrison Planetarium, the Naturalist Center, the Curiosity Grove, and the Discovery Tidepool.[90]
  • October 23: Alameda County allows places of worship and cultural ceremonies, indoor dining, movie theaters, bowling alleys, and climbing walls to reopen. The county also allows indoor retailers and shopping centers to expand their capacity from 25% to 50% and fitness/dance/yoga studios to expand their capacity from 10% to 25%.[91]
  • October 26: Schools in reopen for Grades TK–6. In-person attendance is only on Monday through Thursday.
  • October 27:
    • Contra Costa, Marin, San Mateo, and Santa Cruz Counties are upgraded from Substantial to Moderate. All four counties directly follow the state's reopening guidelines.[92][93][94][95]
    • San Francisco allows climbing walls and offices of non-essential businesses to reopen. The city also allows fitness/dance/yoga studios to expand their indoor capacity from 10% to 25%.
  • November 3: San Francisco allows swimming pools and bowling alleys to reopen. The city also allows places of worship, museums/zoos/aquariums, indoor dining, and movie theaters to expand their indoor capacity from 25% to 50%.
  • November 9:
    • Alameda County allows middle schools and high schools to reopen.[96]
    • Fremont Christian School reopens for Grades 3–5.
  • November 10: Contra Costa and Santa Cruz Counties are downgraded from Moderate to Substantial.
  • November 16:
    • Alameda, Napa, and Santa Clara Counties are downgraded from Moderate to Widespread.
    • San Francisco County is downgraded from Minimal to Substantial.
    • Contra Costa, San Benito, Santa Cruz, and Solano Counties are downgraded from Substantial to Widespread.
    • Marin and San Mateo Counties are downgraded from Moderate to Substantial.
  • November 28: San Francisco and San Mateo Counties are downgraded from Substantial to Widespread.
  • November 30: Fremont Christian School reopens for Grades K–2.
  • December 1: Schools in Piedmont Unified School District reopen for Grades K–2.
  • December 6:
    • 10:00 p.m.: Contra Costa, San Francisco, and Santa Clara Counties, as well as the City of Berkeley, preemptively implement the state's December 3 regional stay-at-home order.[97]
    • 11:59 p.m.: The regional stay-at-home order goes into effect for the San Joaquin Valley region, which includes San Benito County.
  • December 7: Alameda County preemptively implements the state's stay-at-home order.[98]
  • December 8:
    • Marin County preemptively implements the state's stay-at-home order.
    • Marin County is downgraded from Substantial to Widespread.
    • Schools in Piedmont Unified School District reopen for Grades 3–5.
  • December 16: San Mateo becomes the final Bay Area county to ban outdoor dining
  • December 17: 11:59 p.m.: The regional stay-at-home order goes into effect for the Bay Area region, which includes all ABAHO counties excluding San Benito County.

2021[]

  • January 25: The regional stay-at-home order is lifted statewide.
  • February 23: Marin and San Mateo become the first Bay Area counties since early December to leave the purple tier, being upgraded from Widespread to Substantial
  • March 2: Napa, San Francisco, and Santa Clara upgraded from Widespread to Substantial
  • March 9: Alameda and Solano upgraded from Widespread to Substantial
  • March 13: Contra Costa and Sonoma upgraded from Widespread to Substantial
  • March 16: San Mateo becomes the first Bay Area county since mid-November to enter the orange tier, being upgraded from Substantial to Moderate
  • March 23: Marin, San Francisco, and Santa Clara upgraded from Substantial to Moderate
  • March 30: Alameda upgraded from Substantial to Moderate
  • April 6: Contra Costa, Napa, and Sonoma upgraded from Substantial to Moderate
  • May 4: San Francisco upgraded from Moderate to Minimal
  • May 11: San Mateo upgraded from Moderate to Minimal
  • May 19: Santa Clara upgraded from Moderate to Minimal
  • June 1: Solano upgraded from Substantial to Moderate
  • June 8: Alameda and Napa upgraded from Moderate to Minimal
  • June 15: BSE system ended statewide.
  • August 2: The counties of Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, San Francisco, San Mateo, and Santa Clara (as well as the City of Berkeley) re-introduce a mask mandate for all persons regardless of vaccination status.[99]
  • August 12: San Francisco becomes the first major city in the U.S. to issue a vaccine mandate for customers of restaurants, bars, and gyms.[100]

Military response[]

California National Guard staff set up a Federal Medical Station at the San Mateo County Event Center.

The California National Guard and California State Guard activated medical units in the Bay Area to assist local and state government agencies in their COVID-19 response.

In the Bay Area, the California Air National Guard has set up Federal Medical Stations at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara (known as the Field Respite Center),[101] the San Mateo County Event Center in San Mateo, and Craneway Pavilion in Richmond. The temporary field hospitals, which are managed by the Strategic National Stockpile Division of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, can receive noncritical patients from local hospitals for convalescent care. The Santa Clara location was converted on March 21 and admitted its first two patients on April 5.[102] The Air National Guard converted the San Mateo location on April 1[103] and the Richmond location the following day.[104]

Community and academic response[]

The Innovative Genomics Institute at the University of California, Berkeley, headed by Dr. Jennifer Doudna converted the genomic-editing research laboratory to run COVID-19 tests. Despite a widespread need for COVID testing, doctors and hospitals were hesitant to use the newly set up labs in favor of major commercial laboratories like LabCorp and Quest.[105]

Economic impact[]

Unemployment[]

As in other parts of California and the United States, the Bay Area has experienced a dramatic increase in unemployment as a result of voluntary and mandatory social distancing measures. In April 2020, unemployment in the Bay Area increased by 555,100 residents or 13.7% month over month, including a 15.1% increase in private-sector job losses.[106]

Unemployment has affected the Bay Area unevenly from one area or industry to another.[106] Despite layoffs by startups in March and April,[107] job losses in the technology industry increased by only 4.1%, compared to an increase by more than 50% in the hospitality industry. Due to the technology industry's dominance in Santa Clara County known as Silicon Valley, unemployment increased by only 11.2% there in April, compared to 14.6% in the East Bay and 14.4% in San Francisco and San Mateo County.[106] In San Francisco, which is relatively dependent on tourism, over 100,000 residents, or about one-ninth of the city's population, filed for unemployment benefits during the pandemic.[108]

As of May 13, 2020, large Bay Area employers have collectively sent the state Employment Development Department about 24,700 WARN notices about proposed mass layoffs, furloughs, or facility closures.[109]

Construction[]

Signs of community support in front of the popular Sushi Sam's restaurant in San Mateo posted in May 2020

Bay Area counties' strict interpretations of shelter-in-place orders halted most residential and commercial construction projects.[110] Some construction projects resumed in mid-May.[111]

Government[]

San Francisco has tentatively projected that its deficit will double to between $1.1 billion and $1.7 billion over fiscal years 2020 and 2021.[112]

Redwood City expects to have a balanced budget in 2020 but a $10 million deficit in 2021.[113]

As of May 2020, San Jose projects a $45 million deficit for fiscal year 2019–20 and a $71.6 million deficit for 2020–21, revised downward from a $500,000 surplus projected in 2019. The impact will be significantly worse than either the dot-com bust or the Great Recession.[114][115] Palo Alto projected a $40 million loss in revenue.[116]

Oakland projected a $80 million deficit over 14 months and has laid off part-time employees.[112] Berkeley projected a $2.6 million deficit in 2020 and a $25.2 million deficit in 2021.[113]

Richmond projected a $7 million deficit in 2020 and a $27 million deficit in 2021. Walnut Creek closed a $13 million budget gap in 2020 but expects a $12 million deficit in 2021.[113]

Vallejo projected a $13 million deficit.[113]

Napa projected a $10 million deficit in 2020 and a deficit from $15 million to $20 million in 2021.[113]

Santa Rosa tapped its reserves to close a $12 million budget gap in 2020 but expects a $20 million deficit in 2021.[113]

Sausalito expects a $1.6 million deficit for fiscal year 2019–20 and a $4.9 million deficit for 2020–21.[113]

Manufacturing[]

Some major Bay Area manufacturers, such as Lockheed Martin in Sunnyvale and Chevron Corporation in San Ramon, have been exempted from shelter-in-place orders as essential businesses. However, the Tesla Factory in Fremont was not exempted and was forced to halt production, resulting in the furlough of nearly 11,100 employees.[109] On May 11, Tesla resumed manufacturing operations at the factory despite an Alameda County order allowing only minimum basic operations.[117]

Retail and foodservice[]

Empty shelves at a San Francisco Safeway on March 17, the day after the shelter-in-place order took effect

The March 13 announcement of a shelter-in-place order triggered a wave of panic buying throughout the region.[118]

By April, the Consumer Price Index for the San Francisco area (Alameda, Contra Costa, and Marin counties and San Francisco) fell by 0.5% compared to February, a 1.1% rise year over year. By category, retail prices rose by 14.5% year over year for meat, 9.6% for dairy, 6.7% for food at home (bought in stores), and 0.6% for alcohol. Retail prices fell by 28.4% for regular unleaded gas, 27.6% year over year for motor fuel in general, 12% for clothing, and 7.8% for transportation.[119]

Of the San Jose Downtown Association's more than 1,600 member businesses, 83% are temporarily or permanently closed, 9% are operating with reduced service, and 8% are fully operational as of mid-May.[120]

Due to the pandemic, the Pleasanton-based Specialty's bakery-café chain, which specialized in corporate catering, permanently closed its more than 50 locations on May 19, 2020, after 33 years in business.[121] San Jose–based Fry's Electronics also blamed the pandemic for its closure on February 24, 2021.[122]

Technology[]

The technology industry was not as heavily impacted by stay-at-home orders as the leisure and hospitality industries. Demand for Bay Area–based teleconferencing and e-commerce services increased significantly during the pandemic.[123] According to San Jose–based Zoom Video Communications, usage of its teleconferencing service had risen to 300 million active daily users, compared to about 10 million per day in December 2019.[124]

By early March, many large technology companies began encouraging or requiring employees to work from home.[125] These social distancing measures, which predated mandatory shelter-in-place orders, are credited with helping to lessen the initial impact of the pandemic.[107][2]

On May 15, the Bay Area Council released a survey finding that 17.9% of companies planned to keep their employees working from home on a permanent basis, while 89.3% planned to remain a partially remote workforce.[109] Facebook,[126] Square, Inc., and Twitter have announced permanent work-from-home policies. Google is allowing employees to work from home through the end of 2020.[127]

As of June 2020, Lyft, Yelp, IBM, and LendingClub disclosed a combined total of 1,000 planned layoffs in the Bay Area.[128]

Technology conferences that are normally held in Bay Area cities have been canceled, postponed, or replaced by Internet streaming events, including:

  • Apple Worldwide Developers Conference – moved online[129]
  • Dreamforce (San Francisco's largest conference) – moved online[130]
  • Facebook F8 – canceled[131]
  • Game Developers Conference – postponed[132]
  • Google Cloud Next – canceled[133]
  • Google I/O – canceled[133]
  • GPU Technology Conference – moved online[134]
  • VMworld – moved online[135]

The RSA Conference was held in February as scheduled, but Verizon, AT&T, and IBM pulled out of the conference on February 21, as concerns began to grow about the pandemic.[136]

Tourism[]

A deserted Pier 39 in San Francisco

San Francisco's economy is heavily dependent on tourism, which normally employs 90,000 people and generates more tax revenue than any other industry in the city. International tourism normally accounts for 64% of San Francisco's tourism spending but has largely disappeared during the pandemic.[130] San Francisco’s destination marketing organization is projecting visitor volume to recover to 18.4 million for 2021, still down 30 percent to 2019. Gradual improvement will be driven primarily by domestic visitation. International tourism will take much longer to recover.

Social impact[]

Education[]

Further information: COVID-19 pandemic in California § Effects on education
A closed elementary school in San Jose

On April 1, school superintendents in Santa Clara and San Mateo counties announced that in-person classes would not resume during the 2019–20 school year.[137]

Many Bay Area colleges and universities have announced plans for instruction in response to the pandemic:[138]

Institution Fall 2020 Spring 2021
Berkeley City College most classes online[139] Unknown
California College of the Arts mixture of online and in-person classes with distance learning options for some first-year undergraduates[140] Unknown
California State University, East Bay most classes online[141] Unknown
California State University Maritime Academy most classes online[141] Unknown
California State University, Monterey Bay most classes online[141] Unknown
Cañada College most classes online[142] Unknown
City College of San Francisco online[143] Unknown
College of Alameda most classes online[139] Unknown
College of San Mateo most classes online[142] Unknown
Contra Costa College online[144] Unknown
The Culinary Institute of America at Greystone in person[145] Unknown
De Anza College most classes online[146] Unknown
Diablo Valley College online[144] Unknown
Dominican University of California in person[147] Unknown
Evergreen Valley College online[148] Unknown
Foothill College online[149] Unknown
Holy Names University in person[150] Unknown
Laney College most classes online[139] Unknown
Los Medanos College online[144] Unknown
Menlo College in person, but start of fall semester delayed[151] Unknown
Merritt College most classes online[139] Unknown
Notre Dame de Namur University new undergraduate admissions suspended[152][153] Unknown
Pacific School of Religion in person, but introducing distance learning options[154] Unknown
Presidio Graduate School resuming online instruction with monthly in-person residencies[155] Unknown
Saint Mary's College of California in person[156] Unknown
San Francisco State University most classes online[141] Unknown
San Jose City College online[148] Unknown
San Jose State University most classes online[141] Unknown
Santa Clara University mixture of in-person and online classes[157] Unknown
Santa Rosa Junior College most classes online[158] Unknown
Skyline College most classes online[142] Unknown
Sonoma State University most classes online[141] Unknown
Stanford University most classes online, all single dormitory rooms[159] Unknown
Starr King School for the Ministry most classes online[160] Unknown
University of California, Berkeley some or all classes online[161] Unknown
University of the Pacific in person[162] Unknown
University of San Francisco most classes online[163] most classes online[164]
William Jessup University in person[165] Unknown

Hunger[]

Over the first 10 weeks since the shelter-in-place order was issued, Bay Area food banks have seen demand double and calls increase a thousandfold. According to Second Harvest of Silicon Valley, the number of residents needing food distribution increased 40% from 270,000 in February to 370,000 in April. The Alameda County Community Food Bank has distributed over a million of pounds of food a week and seen lines stretching more than 1,000 cars in a day.[166]

Housing[]

A "safe sleeping village" at San Francisco's Civic Center organized tents into an evenly spaced grid as a safer alternative to the city's usual homeless encampments.

An ongoing housing shortage in California has increased housing costs dramatically and contributed to the Bay Area's high rates of homelessness.[20] Homeless shelters have been major sites of community transmission. On April 10, 70 of 144 occupants of one homeless shelter in San Francisco were confirmed to have COVID-19.[167]

By April, the number of tents and makeshift structures increased by 71% over the previous quarter in San Francisco and by 285% in the Tenderloin neighborhood specifically.[168] As of May 3, 2020, San Francisco has leased 2,700 hotel rooms as emergency housing for at-risk homeless people and first responders. Although the state government has reserved hotel rooms throughout the state for similar purposes, homeless people have come to the city from other areas looking for hotel rooms, prompting Mayor London Breed to focus the city's emergency housing resources on local homeless people.[169]

There are nearly 6,200 homeless people in San Jose, most of them Hispanic or African American. At least 2,500 are considered at high risk for infection due to underlying health conditions. The city added more than 400 temporary beds at homeless shelters, including a temporary shelter near the San Jose Convention Center. In mid-March, shortly after the shelter-in-place order took effect, the Governor's Office of Emergency Services delivered 104 trailers to a property near Happy Hollow Park & Zoo to use as emergency housing. After repairs, 90 trailers began accepting occupants on May 14.[170]

On March 17, San Jose became one of the first jurisdictions in the U.S. to place a moratorium on evictions, followed by surrounding Santa Clara County, San Francisco, Oakland, and cities across the country.[171][172]

The following Bay Area jurisdictions have placed moratoria on evictions:

  • Alameda County – until December 31 or until the local health emergency expires, whichever comes later[173]
    • Fremont – until 30 days after the local health emergency expires[173]
    • Hayward – until September 30[173]
    • Oakland – until August 31[173]
  • Contra Costa County – until September 30[173]
    • Concord – until September 30[173]
    • Richmond – until September 30[173]
  • San Francisco – until August 31[173]
  • San Mateo County – until August 31[173]
    • San Mateo – for commercial tenants until the local health emergency expires[174]
  • Santa Clara County – until August 31[173]
    • Mountain View – until August 31[173]
    • Palo Alto – until the local health emergency expires[173]
    • San Jose – until August 31[173]
    • Sunnyvale – until the local health emergency expires[173]

San Jose temporarily modified its rent control ordinance to place a moratorium on rent increases through the end of 2020, affecting tens of thousands of apartment buildings and mobile home parks.[175] Oakland also extended a 3.5% limit to rent increases until June 30.[172]

Legal system[]

Further information: COVID-19 pandemic in California § Effects on prisons

On March 20, Alameda County officials announced that 247 people would be released from Santa Rita Jail in Dublin.[176]

Transportation[]

Further information: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on public transport § California
An empty car on the BART Antioch–SFO/Millbrae line on a Friday morning

Beginning March 13, the United States Department of Homeland Security required Americans traveling from the Schengen Area, China, and Iran to enter the U.S. through one of 13 airports, including San Francisco International Airport (SFO).[177] In March, 508,100 passengers traveled through the San Jose International Airport (SJC), down 58.6% year over year, after consistent gains before the pandemic.[178] By the beginning of April, foot traffic at SFO, SJC, and Oakland International Airport had fallen by 73% compared to before the pandemic, according to Foursquare location tracking data.[179]

Public transportation agencies in the Bay Area have lost significant sources of funding from simultaneous, dramatic declines in ridership and sales tax revenue and the suspension of planned fare increases, even as the agencies maintain core service to serve essential workers. The agencies expect to receive $1.3 billion in stimulus funding from the Metropolitan Transportation Commission under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act, with the largest share going to the Bay Area Rapid Transit District and San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency.[180][181]

In the first week of the shelter-in-place order, Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) ridership fell by 87% to 89% of average ridership in February, though it had already begun falling with technology companies' transition to working from home. Ridership in April and early May stayed between 90% and 94% below the baseline average. BART suspended late weekday night service on March 23, 2020, and reduced weekend service on March 28, 2020. Beginning April 8, BART reduced weekday train frequency by half and ran only long train consists to facilitate social distancing.[182][180] To prepare for commuters' return to BART, the system accelerated its adoption of contactless payment, eliminating paper ticket vending machines in favor of Clipper card vending machines at several stations and expanding its mobile application's parking payment feature to all stations.[183]

Caltrain's ridership dropped by 75% in the first half of March, prior to the Bay Area–wide shelter-in-place order taking effect,[184] then dropped further to only five percent of normal levels, resulting in losses of $9 million per month.[185] Due to low ridership, Caltrain suspended Baby Bullet service on March 13. On March 26, it further reduced weekday service from 92 trains per day to 42, suspending Limited service.[184]

The Peninsula Corridor Joint Powers Board, which operates Caltrain, had been planning to propose a one-eighth-cent sales tax for voter approval later in the year, to provide an estimated $108 million of dedicated funding for the system, which currently relies on rider fares for 70% of its revenue. In July, after the San Francisco Board of Supervisors initially declined to consider the ballot proposal, citing concerns about the system's governance structure, Caltrain officials warned that the agency would run out of operating funds and be forced to suspend service by the end of the year.[185][186][187] In August, San Mateo County officials agreed to make Caltrain more independent from SamTrans in exchange for places the sales tax on the ballot.[188] In June 2021, Caltrain announced that electric service would be delayed to late 2024 partly due to supply chain disruptions during the pandemic.[189]

On May 4, the Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority began requiring every rider to wear a face covering, such as a cloth face mask, to reduce the risk of transmission.[190]

The San Francisco Municipal Railway reduced bus service to core routes and suspended Muni Metro service.[191]

On March 21, state-owned toll bridges in the Bay Area stopped accepting cash in favor of open road tolling via FasTrak and paying by plate. FasTrak also temporarily suspended late fees and collections.[192]

On April 29, Lyft discontinued its electric scooter service in San Jose and Oakland in conjunction with a major round of layoffs. Lyft continued to operate its Bay Wheels bike sharing service.[193]

Race relations[]

San Francisco's Chinatown under a shelter-in-place order

There have been documented incidents of racism towards Bay Area Asian Pacific Americans.[194]

Free water distributed by masked protesters

Officials and community-based organizations expressed concern that fears about COVID-19 were disproportionately affecting local Asian-American businesses.[195] On February 24, House Speaker Nancy Pelosi toured San Francisco's Chinatown to support local shops that had seen declining business since the epidemic began in China.[196]

Several peaceful protests took place in the Bay Area during the pandemic to raise awareness about police brutality. One in San Mateo on June 3, 2020, was attended by hundreds of people.[197] A youth-led protest against police brutality in San Francisco attracted at least 10,000 protesters to the Mission District.[198]

Recreation[]

White circles on the grass at Dolores Park on Memorial Day

To promote social distancing during the Memorial Day weekend, the San Francisco Recreation & Parks Department painted a grid of white circles 10 feet (3.0 m) in diameter, spaced 8 feet (2.4 m) apart, on the grass at Mission Dolores Park, Washington Square, and two other city parks.[199] City of Berkeley posted signs with numbers of people allowed on the playgrounds and reminding users to maintain social distancing and limits.[citation needed]

The fifth semiannual Viva CalleSJ street festival in San Jose had been scheduled for May 17 but was replaced with a virtual tour.[200]

Religion[]

Further information: COVID-19 pandemic in California § Effects on religion

On March 13, the Roman Catholic Diocese of San José closed all diocesan schools from until at least April 20. It suspended public Masses and dispensed with the obligation to attend Mass from March 14 until further notice.[201] The Diocese of Oakland also suspended public Masses on March 16, and the Archdiocese of San Francisco and Diocese of Santa Rosa followed suit on March 17.[202] On March 18, the California Catholic Conference of bishops suspended the public celebration of Mass throughout the state until further notice.[203]

Sports[]

Further information: COVID-19 pandemic in California § Effects on sports

After Santa Clara County banned all large gatherings larger than 1,000 people for a three-week period beginning March 11, the San Jose Sharks of the NHL and the Golden State Warriors of the NBA announced that all of their remaining home games of the regular season would be played behind closed doors with no spectators. With their game on March 12 against the Brooklyn Nets, the Warriors were to be the first professional sports team in the United States to play a home game behind closed doors due to the pandemic, before the NBA suspended the season one day prior.[204][205]

Along with a Sacramento-area school, Archbishop Riordan High School and the Menlo School withdrew from the California Interscholastic Federation (CIF) Northern California championship tournament after their schools were forced to close.[206]

Stanford University announced plans to cut 11 of its 36 varsity sports at the end of the 2020–21 school year, citing a $70 million deficit due to the pandemic.[207]

Vaccinations[]

The Oakland Coliseum mass vaccination site in February 2021.
Vaccinations in Bay Area[when?]
Vaccinations Population
3,947,957 7,739,378
Santa Clara[208] 842,396 1,927,852
Alameda[209] 841,690 1,671,329
Contra Costa[210] 614,689 1,153,526
San Francisco[211] 493,749 881,549
San Mateo[212] 422,406 766,573
Sonoma[213] 283,625 494,336
Solano[214] 185,628 447,643
Marin[215] 179,010 258,826
Napa[216] 84,764 137,744

The first vaccinations in the Bay Area took place on December 15, 2020 at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital after the city received 12,500 doses of the Pfizer vaccine.[217]

Mass vaccination sites were opened across the region in February 2021. The first three mass vaccination sites were located at the Oakland Coliseum, the Moscone Center and City College.[218]

Environmental impact[]

An empty Interstate 280 in Cupertino during the Friday morning rush hour
A deserted Market Street in San Francisco's Financial District on a weekday afternoon

The Bay Area–wide shelter-in-place order resulted in significant a reduction in road traffic volume, the main source of air pollution in the area.[219] During the first week after the shelter-in-place order took effect, air pollutant levels fell by one-third year over year, while nitrogen dioxide levels in the atmosphere dropped by roughly half compared to the previous week.[220] Traffic on the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge fell by about 40% compared to two weeks earlier.[221] By April, traffic in the Bay Area had decreased by 70%.[222] An 11% reduction in shipping traffic at the Port of Oakland could have also contributed to air quality improvements.[219] An assistant professor of earth system science at Stanford University estimated that improved Bay Area air quality during the shutdown would result in roughly 10 fewer deaths caused by air pollution per week.[223] According to Save the Bay, the decrease in traffic volume also led to decreased water and noise pollution in and around San Francisco Bay.[224] However, traffic volumes and congestion may return to normal levels or worse after the shelter-in-place orders are lifted, due to the avoidance of public transportation.[225]

Disposable, non-biodegradable face masks and latex gloves used during the pandemic have been discarded on sidewalks and in lakes, raising concern about new sources of litter going into the San Francisco Bay at a time when fewer volunteers are available to pick up litter.[226][227]

See also[]

  • Alameda County medical cases chart
  • Contra Costa County medical cases chart
  • Marin County medical cases chart
  • Napa County medical cases chart
  • San Francisco County medical cases chart
  • City of Berkeley playground sign limiting number of people at the playground
    San Mateo County medical cases chart
  • Santa Clara County medical cases chart
  • Solano County medical cases chart
  • Sonoma County medical cases chart
  • Anti-Mask League of San Francisco

References[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b "COVID-19 case counts by date". Santa Clara County Public Health Department.
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Arango, Tim (April 14, 2020). "California's Coronavirus Shutdowns Set the Tone. What's Its Next Step?". The New York Times. Retrieved May 12, 2020.
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b Lovelace, Berkeley, Jr.; Feuer, William (January 31, 2020). "CDC officials confirm 7th US case of coronavirus, in California man who traveled to China". CNBC. Archived from the original on February 1, 2020. Retrieved January 31, 2020.
  4. ^ "Autopsy Reports Date First COVID-19 Bay Area Deaths to February". KNTV. April 21, 2020. Retrieved April 22, 2020.
  5. ^ Jump up to: a b Asperin, Alexa Mae; Fladeboe, Rob (April 29, 2020). "Here are the Bay Area's revised shelter-in-place orders effective May 4". KRON-TV. Retrieved May 11, 2020.
  6. ^ Ravani, Sarah (March 21, 2020). "Bay Area coronavirus decision: Behind the scenes of nation's first shelter-in-place order". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved March 22, 2020.
  7. ^ Jump up to: a b c Vongs, Pueng (May 12, 2020). "Bay Area stay-at-home orders saved lives: chart". The Mercury News. San Jose, California. Retrieved May 14, 2020.
  8. ^ “COVID-19 Cases and Deaths”, “COVID-19 case counts by date”, “COVID-19 hospitalizations by date”, “COVID-19 Hospitalizations Dashboard”, “Count of deaths with COVID-19 by date”, Santa Clara County Public Health. August 27, 2021.
  9. ^ Alameda County Data Sharing Initiative, Alameda County Public Health Department. August 28, 2021.
  10. ^ Contra Costa Health Services. August 28, 2021.
  11. ^ San Mateo County Health. August 26, 2021.
  12. ^ “COVID-19 Cases Over Time”, “COVID-19 Deaths Over Time”, “COVID-19 Hospitalizations”, DataSF, San Francisco Department of Public Health. August 25, 2021.
  13. ^ Solano County Public Health. August 27, 2021.
  14. ^ County of Sonoma. August 29, 2021.
  15. ^ “COVID-19 Case Disposition”, “COVID-19 Cumulative Demographics”, “Total Cases and Recovered by Date Reported among Marin County Community Residents”, “Total Hospitalizations and Deaths by Event Date among Marin County Community Residents”, Marin Health & Human Services. August 29, 2021.
  16. ^ “COVID-19 in Napa County”, “Situation Update Archive”, Napa County Health & Human Services Agency. August 29, 2021.
  17. ^ Armstrong, Alejandra; Rowan, Harriet Blair (May 26, 2020). "Bay Area coronavirus map: 13,060 cases, 434 deaths, in 10 counties". The Mercury News. San Jose, California. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
  18. ^ Jump up to: a b Webeck, Evan; Hurd, Rick (May 11, 2020). "Positive-test rate trending down in Bay Area". The Mercury News. San Jose, California. Retrieved May 11, 2020.
  19. ^ Hwang, Kellie (May 4, 2020). "'Most ignored' metric: Why coronavirus recoveries aren't being reported across Bay Area". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved May 4, 2020.
  20. ^ Jump up to: a b Castañeda, Leonardo; Debolt, David (May 10, 2020). "The four San Jose ZIP codes with the most coronavirus deaths". The Mercury News. San Jose, California. Retrieved May 11, 2020.
  21. ^ Angst, Maggie (May 14, 2020). "San Jose Latinos leaders push city on high COVID death rates". The Mercury News. San Jose, California. Retrieved May 14, 2020.
  22. ^ https://www.sfchronicle.com/health/article/Bay-Area-Filipinos-work-the-dangerous-front-lines-15370537.php#photo-19606686
  23. ^ Ho, Catherine (May 7, 2020). "Coronavirus testing in SF's Mission District reveals spike among workers". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved May 11, 2020.
  24. ^ Barron, Ethan (July 15, 2020). "Tesla has more than 130 employees who tested positive for coronavirus: report". The Mercury News.
  25. ^ Jump up to: a b Crowley, Kerry; Rogers, Paul (May 26, 2020). "Hair salons can reopen in most of California". The Mercury News. San Jose, California. Retrieved May 26, 2020.
  26. ^ Ravani, Sarah (April 23, 2020). "Four die at San Francisco nursing home battling a large outbreak". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved May 26, 2020.
  27. ^ Bauman, Anna (May 18, 2020). "Eleven residents dead in Vallejo nursing home outbreak, more than 130 infected". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved May 26, 2020.
  28. ^ Ting, Eric (May 27, 2020). "Bay Area tops 13,000 coronavirus cases". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
  29. ^ Kelliher, Fiona (May 20, 2020). "Santa Clara County's coronavirus testing sites below capacity as not enough people know they exist". The Mercury News. San Jose, California. Retrieved May 26, 2020.
  30. ^ Krieger, Lisa M. (May 11, 2020). "Infections in Santa Clara County than tests show". The Mercury News. San Jose, California. Retrieved May 11, 2020.
  31. ^ McCormick, Erin (April 23, 2020). "Why experts are questioning two hyped antibody studies in coronavirus hotspots". The Guardian. London. Retrieved May 14, 2020.
  32. ^ Jump up to: a b Krieger, Lisa M. (April 20, 2020). "Stanford coronavirus study triggers feud over methodology and motives". The Mercury News. San Jose, California. Retrieved May 20, 2020.
  33. ^ Krieger, Lisa M. (May 20, 2020). "Coronavirus isn't as fatal as we thought". The Mercury News. San Jose, California. Retrieved May 20, 2020.
  34. ^ Krieger, Lisa M. (May 24, 2020). "Did politically-motivated Stanford scientists hype study?". The Mercury News. San Jose, California. Retrieved May 24, 2020.
  35. ^ "SARS-CoV-2 Sewage Monitoring Data". Santa Clara County Public Health Department. Retrieved July 27, 2021.
  36. ^ Krieger, Lisa M. (May 19, 2020). "Stanford finds no COVID-19 infections in 2019 swabs". The Mercury News. San Jose, California. Retrieved May 24, 2020.
  37. ^ Woolfolk, John (February 20, 2020). "Santa Clara County declares its first coronavirus case fully recovered". The Mercury News. San Jose, California. Archived from the original on February 21, 2020. Retrieved February 20, 2020.
  38. ^ "Ninth case of fast-moving coronavirus confirmed in U.S." Reuters. February 2, 2020. Archived from the original on February 3, 2020. Retrieved February 3, 2020.
  39. ^ Susan J. Parson, MD, Medical Examiner (April 23, 2020). "Report of Autopsy, Case #20-00436" (PDF). County of Santa Clara, Office of the Medical Examiner-Coroner.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  40. ^ Erin Allday; Matt Kawahara (April 22, 2020). "First known U.S. coronavirus death occurred on Feb. 6 in Santa Clara County". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved May 14, 2020.
  41. ^ Gafni, Matthias; Tucker, Jill (April 26, 2020). "Exclusive: Coronavirus caused heart to rupture in nation's first known victim, autopsy shows". SFChronicle.com. Retrieved April 27, 2020.
  42. ^ Matt Hamilton; Paige St. John; Rong-Gong Lin II (April 21, 2020). "Autopsies reveal first confirmed U.S. coronavirus-related deaths occurred in California in February". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 14, 2020.
  43. ^ Matt Hamilton; Paige St. John (April 22, 2020). "A healthy woman suddenly died. She was the first known coronavirus-related fatality in the U.S." Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 14, 2020.
  44. ^ "Autopsy Reports Date First COVID-19 Bay Area Deaths to February". NBC Bay Area. April 21, 2020. Retrieved April 22, 2020.
  45. ^ Barnard, Cornell (February 26, 2020). "Coronavirus: New case confirmed in Northern California, origin unknown". KGO-TV. Retrieved February 26, 2020.
  46. ^ Smith, Darrell; Anderson, Cathie (February 26, 2020). "First U.S. coronavirus case of unknown origin confirmed in Northern California, CDC says". The Sacramento Bee. Retrieved February 26, 2020.
  47. ^ Ternus-Bellamy, Anne (February 26, 2020). "Newly diagnosed coronavirus patient being treated at UC Davis Medical Center". The Davis Enterprise. Davis, California. Retrieved February 26, 2020.
  48. ^ "CDC Confirms Possible First Instance of COVID-19 Community Transmission in California" (Press release). California Department of Public Health. February 26, 2020. Archived from the original on February 28, 2020.
  49. ^ Moon, Sarah; Yan, Holly; Christensen, Jen; Maxouris, Christina (February 28, 2020). "After CDC confirms the first US coronavirus case of 'unknown' origin, it sends out new testing guidelines". CNN. Archived from the original on February 28, 2020. Retrieved February 28, 2020.
  50. ^ "CDC Guidance. Evaluating and Testing PUI". Archived from the original on January 31, 2020. Section: Recommendations for Reporting, Testing, and Specimen Collection.
  51. ^ Rodriguez, OR (April 19, 2020). "Fast decisions in Bay Area helped slow virus spread". Associated Press. AP News. Retrieved September 4, 2020.
  52. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Hart, Angela; Barry-Jester, Anna Maria (April 21, 2020). "How Bay Area health officers got ahead of coronavirus". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on April 21, 2020. Retrieved May 11, 2020.
  53. ^ San Juan, Diana; Cull, Ian (February 10, 2020). "Santa Clara County Declares Local Health Emergency Amid Coronavirus". KNTV. Retrieved May 11, 2020.
  54. ^ Axelrod, Tal (February 25, 2020). "San Francisco declares state of emergency over coronavirus". TheHill. Retrieved February 26, 2020.
  55. ^ Ortiz, John Bacon and Jorge L. "San Francisco, Orange County declare coronavirus health emergencies". USA TODAY. Retrieved February 26, 2020.
  56. ^ "Solano County Declares Local Emergency To Bolster Coronavirus Response". February 27, 2020. Retrieved February 28, 2020.
  57. ^ Sulek, Julia Prodis (March 29, 2020). "Meet the doctor who ordered the Bay Area's coronavirus lockdown, the first in the U.S." The Mercury News. San Jose, California. Retrieved April 13, 2020.
  58. ^ Har, Janie (March 15, 2020). "San Francisco Bay Area counties issue shelter-in-place order". Associated Press. Retrieved April 13, 2020.
  59. ^ Canales, Katy (April 1, 2020). "Experts say the San Francisco Bay Area's early social distancing call may have saved the region from a fate similar to New York's". Business Insider. Retrieved April 13, 2020.
  60. ^ Rusch, Katey; Smith, Casey (May 11, 2020). "For Those Who Must Enforce Coronavirus Lockdowns in California, the Decisions Are Wrenching". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 11, 2020. Retrieved May 11, 2020.
  61. ^ Kelliher, Fiona; Angst, Maggie (March 31, 2020). "Coronavirus: Bay Area shelter-in-place extended through May 3 with new restrictions". The Mercury News. San Jose, California. Archived from the original on March 31, 2020. Retrieved April 1, 2020.
  62. ^ Peterson, Molly; Wiley, Michelle (March 25, 2020). "Check: Has COVID-19 Closed Your Bay Area Park?". KQED. Retrieved May 12, 2020.
  63. ^ Woolfolk, John; DeRuy, Emily; Webeck, Evan (April 17, 2020). "Mask requirement coming to Bay Area counties". The Mercury News. San Jose, California. Retrieved May 11, 2020.
  64. ^ Geha, Joseph (April 16, 2020). "Fremont requires masks worn at many essential businesses". The Mercury News. San Jose, California. Retrieved May 11, 2020.
  65. ^ "County of Santa Clara Public Health Department Issues Guidance on Face Coverings" (Press release). County of Santa Clara Public Health Department. April 17, 2020. Retrieved May 11, 2020.
  66. ^ Jump up to: a b Salonga, Robert (May 13, 2020). "Santa Clara courts, Palo Alto now require masks". The Mercury News. San Jose, California. Retrieved May 13, 2020.
  67. ^ Webeck, Evan (April 22, 2020). "Bay Area mask order begins Wednesday: What you need to know". The Mercury News. San Jose, California. Retrieved May 11, 2020.
  68. ^ Webeck, Evan (April 24, 2020). "Milpitas issues mask order, first in Santa Clara County". The Mercury News. San Jose, California. Retrieved May 11, 2020.
  69. ^ "Learn What to Do". Santa Clara County Public Health Department. May 10, 2020. Retrieved May 17, 2020.
  70. ^ Webeck, Evan (May 14, 2020). "18 California counties get green light to reopen". The Mercury News. San Jose, California. Retrieved May 14, 2020.
  71. ^ Mays, Jon (May 15, 2020). "More restrictions eased in San Mateo County". San Mateo Daily Journal. Retrieved May 18, 2020.
  72. ^ Kelliher, Fiona; Salonga, Robert; Angst, Maggie (May 18, 2020). "All Bay Area counties to allow retail store curbside pickup". The Mercury News. San Jose, California. Retrieved May 18, 2020.
  73. ^ Ting, Eric (May 18, 2020). "San Mateo County does not join new Bay Area health order". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved May 18, 2020.
  74. ^ Savidge, Nico; Kelliher, Fiona; Sciacca, Annie (May 13, 2020). "These Bay Area counties are easing lockdowns". The Mercury News. San Jose, California. Retrieved May 14, 2020.
  75. ^ Almond, Elliott (May 17, 2020). "Bay Area businesses anticipate reopening in state's Phase 2 plan". The Mercury News. San Jose, California. Retrieved May 17, 2020.
  76. ^ "San Francisco Zoo". www.sfzoo.org. Retrieved July 11, 2020.
  77. ^ "Reopening During COVID". UC Botanical Garden. Retrieved July 11, 2020.
  78. ^ "Reopening San Francisco". sf.gov.
  79. ^ "Businesses and Workplaces". County of Santa Clara. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
  80. ^ "Santa Cruz County moves to Red Tier" (PDF). County of Santa Cruz. September 8, 2020.
  81. ^ "COVID-19 Status Update for 09/15/2020". Marin County Health and Human Services. September 15, 2020. Retrieved October 6, 2020.
  82. ^ "Alameda County Reopening Plan Updates 10.1.20" (PDF). Alameda County Public Health Department. October 1, 2020. Retrieved October 5, 2020.
  83. ^ "Coronavirus". San Mateo County Health. Retrieved October 5, 2020.
  84. ^ "Roadmap to Recovery". County of Solano. Retrieved October 5, 2020.
  85. ^ "Welcome Back". de Young. June 24, 2020. Retrieved September 15, 2020.
  86. ^ "More Businesses and Services Can Reopen in Contra Costa Thanks to Improving COVID Situation". Contra Costa Health Services. September 29, 2020. Retrieved October 5, 2020.
  87. ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (September 30, 2020). "Movie Theaters Reopening Soon In San Francisco, But There's A Catch". Deadline. Retrieved October 7, 2020.
  88. ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (October 7, 2020). "Theatre Owners Agree To Keep San Francisco Cinemas Closed Due To Concessions Ban". Deadline. Retrieved October 7, 2020.
  89. ^ "Order of the Health Officer of the County of Santa Clara". October 5, 2020. Retrieved October 13, 2020.
  90. ^ Jump up to: a b "Welcome Back!". California Academy of Sciences. October 2, 2020. Retrieved October 2, 2020.
  91. ^ "Alameda County Permits New Indoor Activities as Case Rates, Testing Positivity and Hospitalizations Remain Stablet" (PDF). October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 22, 2020.
  92. ^ "Contra Costa County Advances in California's COVID-19 Reopening Plan". Contra Costa Health Services. October 27, 2020. Retrieved October 27, 2020.
  93. ^ "Reopening Status". Retrieved October 27, 2020.
  94. ^ "Coronavirus". San Mateo County Health. Retrieved October 27, 2020.
  95. ^ "Santa Cruz County Moved to Orange Tier" (PDF). October 27, 2020. Retrieved October 27, 2020.
  96. ^ "Alameda County Announces Timeline for Opening Middle and High Schools" (PDF). October 28, 2020. Retrieved October 28, 2020.
  97. ^ "Bay Area Health Officers Move to Implement the State's New Regional Stay Home Order, Not Waiting Until Local Hospitals Are Near Crisis to Act". December 4, 2020. Retrieved December 5, 2020.
  98. ^ "Bay Area Health Officers Move to Implement the State's New Regional Stay Home Order, Not Waiting Until Local Hospitals Are Near Crisis to Act" (PDF). Alameda County Public Health Department. December 4, 2020. Retrieved December 4, 2020.
  99. ^ Gecker, Jocelyn (August 2, 2021). "Mask mandate reinstated in San Francisco Bay Area amid surge". SFGate. Retrieved August 11, 2021.
  100. ^ Thadani, Trisha (August 12, 2021). "San Francisco to become first major U.S. city to mandate full vaccination for many indoor activities". The San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved August 12, 2021.
  101. ^ Gartrell, Nate (March 21, 2020). "SC Convention Center to be converted into medical station". The Mercury News. San Jose, California. Archived from the original on March 22, 2020. Retrieved March 22, 2020.
  102. ^ "Field Respite Center at the City of Santa Clara Convention Center Accepts First Patients" (Press release). Santa Clara County Public Health Department. April 5, 2020. Retrieved May 12, 2020.
  103. ^ Morris, Scott (April 1, 2020). "Treatment center opens at the San Mateo County Event Center". San Mateo Daily Journal. Bay City News. Retrieved May 12, 2020.
  104. ^ Graff, Amy (April 3, 2020). "See how a Bay Area concert venue has been converted into a hospital for COVID-19 patients". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved May 13, 2020.
  105. ^ Thomas, Katie (May 21, 2020). "These Labs Rushed to Test for Coronavirus. They Had Few Takers". The New York Times. Retrieved May 21, 2020.
  106. ^ Jump up to: a b c Avalos, George (May 27, 2020). "Silicon Valley wields tech shield against layoffs". The Mercury News. San Jose, California. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
  107. ^ Jump up to: a b Levy, Ari (April 16, 2020). "The tech industry's early work-from-home mandates helped California and Washington flatten the curve". CNBC. Retrieved May 11, 2020.
  108. ^ Graff, Amy; Ting, Eric; Pereira, Alyssa (May 13, 2020). "Coronavirus updates: One in 9 San Francisco residents has filed for unemployment insurance". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved May 18, 2020.
  109. ^ Jump up to: a b c Avalos, George (May 15, 2020). "Remote workforces Bay Area new normal". The Mercury News. San Jose, California. Retrieved May 15, 2020.
  110. ^ "Bay Area Health Officers Issue Updated Stay-at-Home Order with New Restrictions to Last Through May 3" (PDF) (Press release). Alameda County Public Health Department, City of Berkeley, Contra Costa County Joint Information Center, Marin County, San Mateo County Joint Information Center, San Francisco Department of Emergency Management Joint Information Center, Santa Clara County Joint Information Center. March 31, 2020. Retrieved May 13, 2020.
  111. ^ Avalos, George (May 13, 2020). "Tech campus restarts San Jose construction". The Mercury News. San Jose, California. Retrieved May 13, 2020.
  112. ^ Jump up to: a b Lin, Shannon (April 24, 2020). "Bay Area Braces for Budget Deficits as Coronavirus Dries Up Local Tax Dollars". KQED. Retrieved May 13, 2020.
  113. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Hwang, Kellie; Massa, Mike (May 10, 2020). "Bay Area cities face grim financial outlook amid budget slashing. Here's what they are planning to cut". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved May 13, 2020.
  114. ^ Angst, Maggie (April 7, 2020). "San Jose project $110 budget shortfall". The Mercury News. San Jose, California. Retrieved May 13, 2020.
  115. ^ Angst, Maggie (May 13, 2020). "San Jose projects $71 million budget deficit". The Mercury News. San Jose, California. Retrieved May 13, 2020.
  116. ^ Yu, Betty (May 12, 2020). "Coronavirus Update: San Francisco Bay Area Cities Looking At Tough Cuts As They Face Huge Deficits". KPIX-TV. Retrieved May 13, 2020.
  117. ^ Angst, Maggie; Crum, Rex; Woolfolk, John (May 11, 2020). "Tesla opens Fremont plant, defies Bay Area orders". The Mercury News. San Jose, California. Retrieved May 11, 2020.
  118. ^ Louie, David (March 13, 2020). "It's all gone': Fears over coronavirus fuel panic buying at Bay Area stores". KGO-TV. Retrieved May 11, 2020.
  119. ^ Nowels, Michael (May 12, 2020). "Bay Area meat, dairy prices spike; alcohol cost dips in pandemic". The Mercury News. San Jose, California. Retrieved May 12, 2020.
  120. ^ Wadsworth, Jennifer (May 13, 2020). "Decades of Community-Building at Stake as San Jose's Cultural Districts Fight to Survive". San Jose Inside.
  121. ^ Zavoral, Linda (May 17, 2020). "All Specialty's Cafe & Bakery restaurants will close permanently". The Mercury News. San Jose, California. Retrieved May 17, 2020.
  122. ^ Avalos, George (February 24, 2021). "Fry's Electronics goes out of business permanently, closes all stores". The Mercury News. San Jose, California. Retrieved February 24, 2021.
  123. ^ DiFeliciantonio, Chase; Li, Roland (April 7, 2020). "Good news for Bay Area: Tech hiring despite the coronavirus". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved May 11, 2020.
  124. ^ Crum, Rex (May 14, 2020). "Zoom to hire 500 software engineers as video use surges". The Mercury News. San Jose, California. Retrieved May 14, 2020.
  125. ^ Galbraith, Kate (March 6, 2020). "Coronavirus: Apple, Facebook tell Bay Area employees to work from home". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved May 11, 2020.
  126. ^ Crum, Rex (May 21, 2020). "50% of Facebook employees may soon permanently work remotely". The Mercury News. San Jose, California. Retrieved May 21, 2020.
  127. ^ Baron, Ethan (May 18, 2020). "Bay Area tech firm offers permanent remote work". The Mercury News. San Jose, California. Retrieved May 18, 2020.
  128. ^ Avalos, George (June 10, 2020). "Tech layoffs emerge in Bay Area". The Mercury News. San Jose, California. Retrieved June 10, 2020.
  129. ^ Leswing, Kif (March 13, 2020). "Apple moves WWDC developers conference online due to coronavirus". CNBC. Retrieved March 13, 2020.
  130. ^ Jump up to: a b Vazquez, Joe (May 4, 2020). "Coronavirus Update: Experts Expect A Slow Return Of International Visitors To San Francisco". KPIX-TV. Retrieved May 17, 2020.
  131. ^ Gartenberg, Chaim (February 27, 2020). "Facebook cancels F8 developer conference due to coronavirus concerns". The Verge. Archived from the original on March 11, 2020. Retrieved March 11, 2020.
  132. ^ Farokhmanesh, Megan; Statt, Nick (February 28, 2020). "GDC postponed to later this year over coronavirus concerns". The Verge. Retrieved May 17, 2020.
  133. ^ Jump up to: a b Statt, Nick (March 2, 2020). "Google and Microsoft just canceled two conferences ahead of their major ones". The Verge. Archived from the original on March 11, 2020. Retrieved March 11, 2020.
  134. ^ Peters, Jay (March 2, 2020). "Nvidia's GPU Technology Conference will now be online only due to coronavirus concerns". The Verge. Retrieved May 17, 2020.
  135. ^ Tsidulko, Joseph (April 14, 2020). "VMworld 2020 Will Be A Digital Event For The First Time". CRN. Retrieved May 17, 2020.
  136. ^ "Novel Coronavirus Update". RSA Conference. January 26, 2020. Archived from the original on June 8, 2020. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  137. ^ Kadvany, Elena (April 1, 2020). "Santa Clara County schools will not reopen this academic year". Palo Alto Weekly. Retrieved May 11, 2020.
  138. ^ "Here's a List of Colleges' Plans for Reopening in the Fall". The Chronicle of Higher Education. April 23, 2020. Retrieved May 19, 2020.
  139. ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Updates on COVID-19". Laney College. May 11, 2020. Retrieved May 19, 2020.
  140. ^ "Our plan for fall semester 2020". California College of the Arts. 2020. Retrieved May 19, 2020.
  141. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Leckrone, Bennett (May 12, 2020). "California State U. System Will Conduct Most Fall Classes Online". The Chronicle of Higher Education. Retrieved May 19, 2020.
  142. ^ Jump up to: a b c Rojo, Richard (May 19, 2020). "Classes Will be Online for Summer and Fall 2020". San Mateo County Community College District. Retrieved May 19, 2020.
  143. ^ "CCSF Community Messages". City College of San Francisco. May 15, 2020. Retrieved May 19, 2020.
  144. ^ Jump up to: a b c "District Updates". Contra Costa Community College District. May 1, 2020. Retrieved May 19, 2020.
  145. ^ "COVID-19 (Coronavirus) Updates". The Culinary Institute of America. May 19, 2020. Retrieved May 19, 2020.
  146. ^ "Schedule of Classes". De Anza College. 2020. Retrieved May 19, 2020.
  147. ^ "Coronavirus Information". Dominican University of California. April 30, 2020. Retrieved May 19, 2020.
  148. ^ Jump up to: a b "COVID-19 (Novel Coronavirus) Information". San Jose Evergreen Community College District. May 11, 2020. Retrieved May 19, 2020.
  149. ^ "Virtual Campus". Foothill College. 2020. Retrieved May 19, 2020.
  150. ^ "Message about Coronavirus prevention and preparation". Holy Names University. May 6, 2020. Retrieved May 19, 2020.
  151. ^ Schmiede, Angela (May 12, 2020). "Update to students regarding summer housing and fall planning". Letter to Menlo Oaks. Menlo College. Retrieved May 19, 2020 – via Google Docs.
  152. ^ Horgan, John (May 17, 2020). "Notre Dame de Namur in a grim spiral". The Mercury News. San Jose, California. Retrieved May 18, 2020.
  153. ^ "The Future of Notre Dame de Namur University". Notre Dame de Namur University. May 13, 2020. Retrieved May 19, 2020.
  154. ^ Vásquez-Levy, David (April 6, 2020). "Gratitude, Cafeteria, On-Line Option in the Fall". Letter to students. Pacific School of Religion. Retrieved May 19, 2020.
  155. ^ "COVID-19 Response". Presidio Graduate School. 2020. Archived from the original on May 19, 2020. Retrieved May 19, 2020.
  156. ^ "Message to Faculty, Staff & Students About Fall 2020". Saint Mary's College of California. 2020. Retrieved May 19, 2020.
  157. ^ Webeck, Evan (May 20, 2020). "Santa Clara Univ. plans to reopen campus in fall". The Mercury News. San Jose, California. Retrieved May 20, 2020.
  158. ^ "Coronavirus Updates". Santa Rosa Junior College. April 30, 2020. Retrieved May 19, 2020.
  159. ^ Toledo, Aldo (June 3, 2020). "Online classes, single dorms likely as officials announce early start to fall quarter". The Mercury News. San Jose, California. Retrieved June 3, 2020.
  160. ^ @StarrKingGTU (May 19, 2020). "Did you know that Starr King is an experienced leader in distance education? All summer and fall courses will be offered in either online or hybrid formats!" (Tweet). Retrieved May 19, 2020 – via Twitter.
  161. ^ "Fall 2020 FAQs". University of California, Berkeley. April 17, 2020. Retrieved May 19, 2020.
  162. ^ "Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)". University of the Pacific. April 29, 2020. Retrieved May 19, 2020.
  163. ^ "Fall Semester will be Remote". University of San Francisco. July 14, 2020. Retrieved October 11, 2020.
  164. ^ "Update on Spring Semester 2021". University of San Francisco. October 8, 2020. Retrieved October 13, 2020.
  165. ^ "Forward Together". William Jessup University. 2020. Retrieved May 19, 2020.
  166. ^ Sulek, Julia Prodis (May 20, 2020). "How coronavirus created the breadline of 2020". The Mercury News. San Jose, California. Retrieved May 20, 2020.
  167. ^ Fuller, Thomas (April 10, 2020). "Major Outbreak in San Francisco Shelter Underlines Danger for the Homeless". The New York Times. Retrieved May 12, 2020.
  168. ^ Kendall, Marisa (May 15, 2020). "Unemployment surge could cause homelessness spike". The Mercury News. San Jose, California. Retrieved May 15, 2020.
  169. ^ Matier, Phil (May 3, 2020). "SF a magnet for homeless seeking free hotel rooms during coronavirus pandemic". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved May 11, 2020.
  170. ^ Angst, Maggie (May 12, 2020). "San Jose funds trailers to serve homeless". The Mercury News. San Jose, California. Retrieved May 12, 2020.
  171. ^ Angst, Maggie (April 15, 2020). "San Jose extends eviction moratorium, rent freeze". The Mercury News. San Jose, California. Retrieved May 26, 2020.
  172. ^ Jump up to: a b Brinklow, Adam (March 30, 2020). "Coronavirus: Oakland caps rent hikes during COVID-19 outbreak". Curbed. Retrieved May 26, 2020.
  173. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Du Sault, Laurence (August 6, 2020). "Bay Area eviction bans: Here's when they expire". The Mercury News. San Jose, California. Retrieved August 6, 2020.
  174. ^ "Adopting an Emergency Ordinance Amending an Ordinance Imposing a Moratorium on Evictions for Non-Payment of Rent by Tenants Impacted by the COVID-19 Pandemic" (PDF). City of San Mateo. July 20, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2020.
  175. ^ Angst, Maggie (April 29, 2020). "San Jose adopts rent freeze". The Mercury News. San Jose, California. Retrieved May 26, 2020.
  176. ^ Dolan, Marua; Tchekmedyian, Alene; St. John, Piage (March 20, 2020). "California releases more jail inmates amid coronavirus crisis". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on March 21, 2020.
  177. ^ "Department of Homeland Security Outlines New Process for Americans Returning from Certain European Countries, China, and Iran" (Press release). United States Department of Homeland Security. March 13, 2020. Retrieved May 11, 2020.
  178. ^ Avalos, George (May 20, 2020). "Huge drop in San Jose airport travel". The Mercury News. San Jose, California. Retrieved May 20, 2020.
  179. ^ Dineen, J. K. (April 4, 2020). "Shelter in place during coronavirus? Bay Area does it best, tracking app shows". San Francisco Chronicle.
  180. ^ Jump up to: a b Cabanatuan, Michael (March 25, 2020). "Coronavirus: BART, Bay Area transit agencies expect $1.3 billion from federal stimulus bill". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved May 17, 2020.
  181. ^ Swan, Rachel (April 22, 2020). "BART and Muni to get largest share of $780 million in federal coronavirus stimulus funds". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved May 17, 2020.
  182. ^ "BART updates related to the coronavirus". Bay Area Rapid Transit. Retrieved May 11, 2020.
  183. ^ "BART expanding Clipper-only sales at stations systemwide through 2020" (Press release). Bay Area Rapid Transit. June 2, 2020. Retrieved June 3, 2020.
  184. ^ Jump up to: a b "Caltrain Updates: Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)". Caltrain. Retrieved May 11, 2020.
  185. ^ Jump up to: a b Swan, Rachel (July 14, 2020). "Caltrain might have to shut down after supervisors scuttle sales tax measure". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved July 15, 2020.
  186. ^ Swan, Rachel (July 15, 2020). "Caltrain derailed: Advocates predict shutdown would mean disaster for Bay Area". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved July 15, 2020.
  187. ^ Savidge, Nico (July 15, 2020). "Caltrain shutdown? Once-unthinkable becomes possible". The Mercury News. Retrieved July 15, 2020.
  188. ^ Savidge, Nico (August 6, 2020). "Last-minute deal saves Caltrain tax. Will voters support it?". The Mercury News. San Jose, California. Retrieved August 6, 2020.
  189. ^ "Caltrain Electrification Delayed to 2024" (Press release). Caltrain. June 3, 2021.
  190. ^ Blackstone, Ken (April 30, 2020). "Face coverings mandatory for VTA riders beginning May 4" (Press release). Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority. Retrieved May 11, 2020.
  191. ^ "COVID-19 Developments & Response". San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency. May 4, 2020. Retrieved May 11, 2020.
  192. ^ "FasTrak® response to COVID-19". Bay Area FasTrak. Retrieved September 9, 2020.
  193. ^ Kawamoto, Jon (April 30, 2020). "Lyft pulls electric scooters out of San Jose, Oakland". East Bay Times. Walnut Creek, California. Retrieved May 11, 2020.
  194. ^ "Website Launches to Document Anti-Asian Hate Crimes in Wake of COVID-19". KNTV. Bay City News. March 19, 2020. Archived from the original on March 23, 2020. Retrieved March 23, 2020.
  195. ^ Kandil, Caitlin Yoshiko (March 9, 2020). "As Coronavirus Spreads, Asian Americans Report Spike in Racism". California Health Report.
  196. ^ "Nancy Pelosi Visits San Francisco's Chinatown Amid Coronavirus Concerns". KNTV. February 24, 2020. Retrieved May 11, 2020.
  197. ^ "Hundreds protest death of George Floyd outside San Mateo City Hall". KRON-TV. June 4, 2020. Retrieved June 4, 2020.
  198. ^ "Nearly 10,000 protesters gather at San Francisco's Dolores Park in wake of George Floyd's death". KRON-TV. June 3, 2020. Retrieved June 24, 2020.
  199. ^ Wigglesworth, Alex (May 22, 2020). "San Francisco parks have social distancing circles on grass". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 25, 2020.
  200. ^ "Flash Report #101 - COVID-19 Mitigation and Response". City of San José. May 15, 2020. Retrieved May 17, 2020.
  201. ^ "Coronavirus (COVID-19)". Roman Catholic Diocese of San Jose in California. March 13, 2020. Archived from the original on March 22, 2020. Retrieved March 22, 2020.
  202. ^ "COVID-19 Diocesan Responses" (PDF). California Catholic Conference. May 8, 2020. Retrieved May 16, 2020.
  203. ^ "Public Celebration of Mass Suspended throughout California" (Press release). California Catholic Conference. March 18, 2020. Archived from the original on March 22, 2020. Retrieved March 22, 2020.
  204. ^ Elliott, Helene (March 12, 2020). "San Jose Sharks to play games without fans". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on April 2, 2020. Retrieved April 7, 2020.
  205. ^ Deb, Sopan; Cacciola, Scott; Stein, Marc (March 11, 2020). "Sports Leagues Bar Fans and Cancel Games Amid Coronavirus Outbreak". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 8, 2020. Retrieved April 7, 2020.
  206. ^ "California Interscholastic Federation". www.cifstate.org. Archived from the original on December 17, 2019. Retrieved March 21, 2020.
  207. ^ Garcia, Oskar (July 8, 2020). "Stanford Cuts 11 Sports Amid Coronavirus Pandemic". The New York Times. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
  208. ^ "Santa Clara County coronavirus cases: Tracking the outbreak". Los Angeles Times.
  209. ^ "Alameda County coronavirus cases: Tracking the outbreak". Los Angeles Times.
  210. ^ "Contra Costa County coronavirus cases: Tracking the outbreak". Los Angeles Times.
  211. ^ "San Francisco County coronavirus cases: Tracking the outbreak". Los Angeles Times.
  212. ^ "San Mateo County coronavirus cases: Tracking the outbreak". Los Angeles Times.
  213. ^ "Sonoma County coronavirus cases: Tracking the outbreak". Los Angeles Times.
  214. ^ "Solano County coronavirus cases: Tracking the outbreak". Los Angeles Times.
  215. ^ "Marin County coronavirus cases: Tracking the outbreak". Los Angeles Times.
  216. ^ "Napa County coronavirus cases: Tracking the outbreak". Los Angeles Times.
  217. ^ https://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/first-covid-19-vaccinations-in-bay-area-administered-at-san-francisco-hospital/2423905
  218. ^ https://www.kron4.com/news/bay-area/moscone-center-becomes-bay-area-mass-covid-vaccination-site/
  219. ^ Jump up to: a b Stark, Kevin (April 13, 2020). "Bay Area Pollution Way Down, Air District Estimates". KQED. Retrieved May 17, 2020.
  220. ^ Didion, Tim (April 7, 2020). "Coronavirus impact: Maps show how much pollution has dropped in the Bay Area since shelter-in-place orders". KGO-TV. Retrieved May 12, 2020.
  221. ^ Plumer, Brad; Popovich, Nadja (March 22, 2020). "Traffic and Pollution Plummet as U.S. Cities Shut Down for Coronavirus". The New York Times. Retrieved May 13, 2020.
  222. ^ Alexander, Kurtis (April 6, 2020). "The coronavirus will change our lives, but the environment could see benefits". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved May 13, 2020.
  223. ^ Rogers, Paul (March 23, 2020). "Bay Area air quality improving as people stay home". The Mercury News. San Jose, California. Retrieved May 13, 2020.
  224. ^ Didion, Tim (April 21, 2020). "Coronavirus impact: Reduced traffic means lower water pollution levels in San Francisco Bay". KGO-TV. Retrieved May 17, 2020.
  225. ^ Brekke, Dan (May 15, 2020). "Coronavirus Takes Heavy Toll on Public Transit". KQED Newsroom. KQED-TV. Retrieved May 17, 2020.
  226. ^ Matier, Phil (May 17, 2020). "Face masks are protection from coronavirus, but in SF they're doing double duty as litter". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved June 7, 2020.
  227. ^ Colorado, Melissa (April 13, 2020). "Coronavirus Trash: Face Masks, Plastic Gloves Discarded on Streets". KNTV. Retrieved June 7, 2020.

External links[]

Official COVID-19 portals:

Community-based COVID-19 websites:

Retrieved from ""