Chakri dynasty
House of Chakri ราชวงศ์จักรี | |
---|---|
Country | Thailand |
Founded | 6 April 1782 |
Founder | Rama I |
Current head | Rama X |
Titles | King of Siam (1782–1949) King of Thailand (1949–present) |
Estate(s) | Kingdom of Thailand |
Cadet branches | 131 cadet houses (91 royal and 40 viceregal) |
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The King
The Queen Mother
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The Chakri dynasty (Thai: ราชวงศ์จักรี, RTGS: Ratchawong Chakkri, pronounced [râːt.t͡ɕʰā.wōŋ t͡ɕàk.krīː], listen (help·info)) is the current reigning dynasty of the Kingdom of Thailand, the head of the house is the king, who is head of state. The family has ruled Thailand since the founding of the Rattanakosin Era and the city of Bangkok in 1782; following the end of Taksin Thonburi's reign, when the capital of Siam shifted to Bangkok. The royal house was founded by Rama I, an Ayutthaya military leader of Sino-Mon descent.[1]
Prior to his accession to the throne, Rama I held for years the title Chakri, the civil chancellor. In founding the dynasty, the king himself chose "Chakri" as the name for it. The emblem of the house is composed of the discus (Chakra) and the trident (Trisula), the celestial weapons of gods Vishnu and Shiva, of whom the Thai sovereign is seen as an incarnation.
The current head of the house is Maha Vajiralongkorn who was proclaimed king on 1 December 2016, but has reigned with retroactive effect since 13 October 2016 after the death of his father Bhumibol Adulyadej. The house's current seat is the Grand Palace. On Saturday, 4 May 2019, the coronation of Vajiralongkorn, with the traditional ceremony, occurred in Bangkok.[2]
Royal family[]
The present royal family of Thailand is descended from Prince Mahidol Adulyadej of Songkla (1891–1929) and Srinagarindra (later Princess Mother) (1900–95) forming the House of Mahidol (ราชสกุลมหิดล) (a cadet branch of the dynasty). The Prince was a son of King Chulalongkorn and his wife Queen Savang Vadhana. The Prince was also the half-brother of both King Vajiravudh and King Prajadhipok. After the death of King Ananda Mahidol (Prince Mahidol's elder son), King Bhumibol Adulyadej (the Prince's younger son) ascended the throne in 1946. In 1949 the King married his first cousin once removed, Mom Rajawongse Sirikit Kitiyakara (a daughter of Mom Chao Nakkhatra Mangala Kitiyakara, a grandson of King Chulalongkorn). Bhumibol was succeeded by his son Maha Vajiralongkorn officially on 13 October 2016, but was proclaimed King on 1 December 2016.
Members[]
This is a list of current members of the royal family:
- King Vajiralongkorn (Phra Vajira Klao Chao Yu Hua)
- Queen Suthida (the King's consort)
- Princess Bajrakitiyabha the Princess Rajasarinisiribajra (the King's older daughter)
- Princess Sirivannavari (the King's younger daughter)
- Prince Dipangkorn Rasmijoti (the King's fifth and youngest son and heir presumptive to the throne of Thailand)
- Queen Sirikit, the Queen Mother (the King's mother, the late King Rama IX's consort)
- Princess Sirindhorn (second daughter of King Rama IX)
- Princess Chulabhorn, the Princess Srisavangavadhana (youngest daughter of King Rama IX)
- Princess Siribhachudhabhorn (Princess Chulabhorn's older daughter)
- Princess Adityadhornkitikhun (Princess Chulabhorn's younger daughter)
- Princess Ubolratana Rajakanya (oldest daughter of King Rama IX)
Other members[]
- Princess Soamsawali, the Princess Suddhanarinatha (the King's former consort and mother of Princess Bajrakitiyabha, the Princess Rajasarinisiribajra)
- Chao Khun Phra Sineenat Bilaskalayani (the King's concubine)
- Sujarinee Vivacharawongse (the King's former consort and mother of Princess Sirivannavari)
- Juthavachara Vivacharawongse (the King's oldest son) and his wife, Riya Gough
- Vacharaesorn Vivacharawongse (the King's second son)
- Chakriwat Vivacharawongse (the King's third son)
- Vatcharawee Vivacharawongse (the King's fourth son)
- Than Phu Ying Srirasmi Suwadee (the King's former consort and mother of Prince Dipangkorn Rasmijoti)
- Than Phu Ying Ploypailin Jensen (Princess Ubolratana's elder daughter) and her husband, David Wheeler
- Maximus Wheeler (Princess Ubolratana's oldest grandchild)
- Leonardo Wheeler (Princess Ubolratana's second grandchild)
- Alexandra Wheeler (Princess Ubolratana's third grandchild)
- Than Phu Ying Sirikitiya Jensen (Princess Ubolratana's younger daughter)
- Than Phu Ying Dhasanawalaya Sornsongkram (the King's first cousin, daughter of the late Princess Galyani Vadhana) and her husband, Sinthu Sornsongkram
- Jitat Sornsongkram (grandson of the late Princess Galyani Vadhana) and his wife, Jessica Sornsongkram
Line of succession[]
- King Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke (Rama I) (1737–1809)
- King Buddha Loetla Nabhalai (Rama II) (1767–1824)
- King Nangklao (Rama III) (1788–1851)
- King Mongkut (Rama IV) (1804–1868)
- King Chulalongkorn (Rama V) (1853–1910)
- King Vajiravudh (Rama VI) (1881–1925)
- King Prajadhipok (Rama VII) (1893–1941)
- Prince Mahidol Adulyadej (1892–1929)
- King Ananda Mahidol (Rama VIII) (1925–1946)
- King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX) (1927–2016)
- King Maha Vajiralongkorn (Rama X) (b. 1952)
- (1) Prince Dipangkorn Rasmijoti (b. 2005)
- (2) Princess Bajrakitiyabha, the Princess Rajasarinisiribajra (b. 1978)
- (3) Princess Sirivannavari (b. 1987)
- (4) Princess Sirindhorn, the Princess Debaratanarajasuda (b. 1955)
- (5) Princess Chulabhorn, the Princess Srisavangavadhana (b. 1957)
- King Maha Vajiralongkorn (Rama X) (b. 1952)
- King Chulalongkorn (Rama V) (1853–1910)
- King Buddha Loetla Nabhalai (Rama II) (1767–1824)
Notes[]
- Princess Ubolratana Rajakanya (b. 1951), eldest daughter of King Rama IX, renounced her right of succession for herself and her heirs upon her marriage in 1972.
- Juthavachara Vivacharawongse (b. 1979), Vacharaesorn Vivacharawongse (b. 1981), Chakriwat Vivacharawongse (b. 1983), and Vatchrawee Vivacharawongse (b. 1985), the sons of King Rama X and Sujarinee Vivacharawongse, are not in the line of succession to the throne.
History[]
Monarchs[]
Portrait | Name | Birth | Start of reign | End of reign | Death | Consorts | Issue |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Phrabat Somdet Phra Paramoruracha Maha Chakri Borommanat Phra Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke (Rama I) |
20 March 1737 Ayutthaya, Ayutthaya, Ayutthaya, Ayutthaya |
6 April 1782 (crowned at the Dusit Maha Prasat Hall, Grand Palace on 10 June 1782) |
7 September 1809 Grand Palace, Phra Nakhon, Bangkok, Siam aged 72 |
Queen Amarindra and 31 other consorts |
42 progeny (17 sons and 25 daughters) | ||
Phrabat Somdet Phra Boromratchapongchet Mahetsawarasunthon Phra Buddha Loetla Nabhalai (Rama II) |
24 February 1767 Amphawa, Samut Songkhram, Ayutthaya |
7 September 1809 (crowned at the Phaisan Thaksin Hall) |
21 July 1824 Grand Palace, Phra Nakhon, Bangkok, Siam aged 57 |
Queen Srisuriyendra Princess Consort Sri Sulalai and 51 other consorts |
73 progeny (38 sons and 35 daughters) | ||
Phrabat Somdet Phra Paramathiworaset Maha Jessadabodindra Phra Nangklao Chao Yu Hua (Rama III) |
31 March 1788 Thonburi Palace, Bangkok Yai, Bangkok, Siam |
21 July 1824 (crowned at the Phaisan Thaksin Hall) |
2 April 1851 Grand Palace, Phra Nakhon, Bangkok, Siam aged 63 |
42 consorts | 51 progeny (22 sons and 29 daughters) | ||
Phrabat Somdet Phra Paramenthra Ramathibodhi Srisindra Maha Mongkut Phra Chom Klao Chao Yu Hua Phra Syamadevamahamakut Vidyamaharaj (Rama IV) |
18 October 1804 Thonburi Palace, Bangkok Yai, Bangkok, Siam |
2 April 1851 (crowned at the Phaisan Thaksin Hall on 15 May 1851) |
1 October 1868 Grand Palace, Phra Nakhon, Bangkok, Siam aged 63 |
Queen Somanas Vadhanavadi Queen Debsirindra Princess Pannarai and 58 other consorts |
82 progeny (39 sons and 43 daughters) | ||
Phrabat Somdet Phra Paraminthra Maha Chulalongkorn Phra Chulachomklao Chao Yu Hua (Rama V) |
20 September 1853 Grand Palace, Phra Nakhon, Bangkok, Siam |
1 October 1868 (crowned at the Phaisan Thaksin Hall on 11 November 1868 (1st time) and 16 November 1873 (2nd time)) |
23 October 1910 Amphorn Sathan Residential Hall, Dusit Palace, Bangkok, Siam aged 57 |
Queen Sunandha Kumariratana Queen Sukumalmarsri Queen Savang Vadhana Queen Saovabha Phongsri and 88 other consorts |
76 progeny (32 sons and 44 daughters) | ||
Phrabat Somdet Phra Paramenthra Maha Vajiravudh Phra Mongkut Klao Chao Yu Hua (Rama VI) |
1 January 1881 Grand Palace, Phra Nakhon, Bangkok, Siam |
23 October 1910 (crowned at the Phaisan Thaksin Hall on 11 November 1910) |
26 November 1925 Grand Palace, Phra Nakhon, Bangkok, Siam aged 44 |
Princess Consort Indrasakdi Sachi Consort Sucharit Suda Princess Consort Laksamilawan Princess Consort Suvadhana |
Princess Bejaratana Rajasuda | ||
Phrabat Somdet Phra Paraminthra Maha Prajadhipok Phra Pok Klao Chao Yu Hua (Rama VII) |
8 November 1893 Grand Palace, Phra Nakhon, Bangkok, Siam |
26 November 1925 (crowned at the Phaisan Thaksin Hall on 25 February 1926) |
2 March 1935 (abdicated) |
30 May 1941 Wentworth, Virginia Water, Surrey, United Kingdom aged 47 |
Queen Rambai Barni | (None) | |
Phrabat Somdet Phra Paramenthra Maha Ananda Mahidol (Rama VIII) |
20 September 1925 Heidelberg, Baden, Germany |
2 March 1935 (never crowned), Reign under Regency from 1935 to 1946 |
9 June 1946 Grand Palace, Phra Nakhon, Bangkok, Thailand aged 20 |
(None) | (None) | ||
Phrabat Somdet Phra Boromchanakathibet Maha Bhumibol Adulyadej Maharat Borommanatbophit (Rama IX) |
5 December 1927 Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States |
9 June 1946 (crowned at the Phaisan Thaksin Hall on 5 May 1950) |
13 October 2016 Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok Noi, Bangkok, Thailand aged 88 |
Queen Sirikit | Princess Ubol Ratana King Maha Vajiralongkorn (Rama X) Princess Sirindhorn Princess Chulabhorn | ||
Phrabat Somdet Phra Paramenthra Ramathibodhi Srisindra Maha Vajiralongkorn Phra Vajira Klao Chao Yu Hua (Rama X) |
28 July 1952 Amphorn Sathan Residential Hall, Dusit Palace, Bangkok |
13 October 2016 (crowned at the Phaisan Thaksin Hall on 4 May 2019) |
Incumbent | Queen Suthida Consort Sineenat |
Princess Bajrakitiyabha Juthavachara Vivacharawongse Vacharaesorn Vivacharawongse Chakriwat Vivacharawongse Vatchrawee Vivacharawongse Princess Sirivannavari Nariratana Prince Dipangkorn Rasmijoti |
Timeline[]
Front Palaces[]
The Maha Uparat (มหาอุปราช) or the Krom Phrarajawang Bavorn Sathan Mongkol (Vice or Second King of Siam/Viceroy of Siam) (กรมพระราชวังบวรสถานมงคล) was an office that was bestowed on the highest ranking prince, frequently the monarch's younger brother or son. Until 1885 every Chakri monarch had appointed a prince to this office. The Uprarat and his miniature court would reside at the Front Palace (วังหน้า) (a palace complex to the north of the Grand Palace, now the site of the Bangkok National Museum). By tradition the Uparat was designated the heir to the throne, however only Prince Isarasundhorn was able to ascend the throne as King Buddha Loetla Nabhalai. The office was extremely prestigious and carried with it almost equal status to the king, this can be seen in Prince Chutamani (younger brother of King Mongkut), who was elevated to Vice King Pinklao in 1851 (he carried with him the styles and titles of a King). The office was abolished by King Chulalongkorn when his Uparat and cousin Prince Bovorn Vichaicharn died. He then declared his oldest son the Crown Prince of Siam, but not Uparat.[3]
Portrait | Name | Birth | Start of reign (Date of appointment) |
End of reign | Issue | Monarch (Relationship to the king) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Somdet Phra Bawonratchao Maha Sura Singhanat |
1 November 1744 Ayutthaya, Ayutthaya, Ayutthaya, Ayutthaya |
1782 | 3 November 1803 Bangkok, Siam aged 59 |
43 sons and daughters with various consorts | King Rama I (Younger brother) | |
Somdet Phra Chao Lookya Ther Chaofa Krommaluang Isarasundhorn |
24 February 1767 Amphawa, Samut Songkhram, Ayutthaya |
1806 | 7 September 1809 (Ascended the throne as King Rama II) |
73 sons and daughters with various consorts | King Rama I (Oldest son) | |
Somdet Phra-Bawonratchao Maha Senanurak |
29 March 1773 Kingdom of Ayutthaya |
7 September 1809 | 16 July 1817 Bangkok, Siam aged 45 |
40 sons and daughters with various consorts | King Rama II (Younger brother) | |
Somdet Phra-Bawonratchao Sakdiphonlasep |
21 October 1785 Kingdom of Ayutthaya |
21 July 1824 | 1 May 1832 Bangkok, Siam aged 46 |
20 sons and daughters with various consorts | King Rama III (Uncle, son of Rama I) | |
Phrabat Somdet Phra Pinklao Chaoyuhua |
4 September 1808 Thonburi Palace, Bangkok Yai, Thonburi, Siam |
25 May 1851 (Received a royal coronation at the Front Palace) |
7 January 1866 Thonburi Palace, Bangkok Yai, Bangkok, Siam aged 57 |
58 sons and daughters with various consorts | King Rama IV (Younger brother) | |
Krom Phra Ratchawang Bowon Wichaichan |
6 April 1838 Thonburi Palace, Bangkok Yai, Bangkok, Siam |
2 October 1868 (Appointed by the Ascension Council on behalf of King Rama V) |
28 August 1885 Front Palace, Bangkok, Siam aged 47 (Title abolished after death) |
28 sons and daughters with various consorts | King Rama V (Cousin, son of Pinklao) |
Rear Palace[]
Krom Phrarajawang Boworn Sathan Phimuk (กรมพระราชวังบวรสถานพิมุข), or the Rear Palace, was another office inherited from the Kingdom of Ayutthaya. However, since the founding of the dynasty there has only been one rear palace. Prince Anurak Devesh was the nephew of King Buddha Yodfa Chualoke (his mother Princess Thepsuthavadi was the king's elder sister) and was appointed to the office in 1785.
Portrait | Name | Birth | Appointment | Death | Issue | Monarch (Relationship to the king) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chaofa Krom Phra Anurak Devesh Krom Phra Rajawang Boworn Sathan Phimuk |
28 March 1746 | 1785 | 20 December 1806 Bangkok, Siam aged 60 (Title discontinued) |
35 sons and daughters with various consorts | King Rama I (Nephew, son of Princess Sister Thepsuthavadi) |
Crown Princes[]
The Crown Prince of Thailand or Sayam Makutrajakuman (สยามมกุฎราชกุมาร) is the designated and heir apparent to the throne and headship of the dynasty. The title was created in 1886 when King Chulalongkorn appointed his eldest son by Princess Consort Savang Vadhana, Prince Vajirunhis as Sayam Makutrajakuman. The title was copied directly from the Western tradition. Since then, there has only been three crown princes. The most recent crown prince, Maha Vajiralongkorn, was invested with the title in 1972 and became King in 2016. The succession is governed by the 1924 Palace Law of Succession passed by King Vajiravudh.
Portrait | Name | Birth | Appointment | Ceased to be Crown Prince | Note | Parents |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Maha Vajirunhis | 27 June 1878 Inner Court, Grand Palace, Phra Nakhon, Bangkok, Siam |
14 January 1886[4] | 4 January 1895 | Died of typhoid fever at age 16 | King Rama V and Queen Consort Savang Vadhana | |
Maha Vajiravudh | 1 January 1881 Inner Court, Grand Palace, Phra Nakhon, Bangkok, Siam |
4 January 1895[5] | 23 October 1910 | Ascended to the throne as King Rama VI at death of father | King Rama V and Queen Saovabha Phongsri | |
Maha Vajiralongkorn | 28 July 1952 Amphorn Sathan Residential Hall, Dusit Palace, Dusit, Bangkok, Thailand |
28 December 1972[6] | 13 October 2016 | Ascended to the throne as King Rama X at death of father | King Rama IX and Queen Sirikit |
Queens[]
Portrait | Name | Birth | Marriage | Became consort | Ceased to be consort | Death | Issue | Consort to (Notes) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Somdet Phra Amarindra Boromarajini |
15 March 1737 Samut Songkhram, Ayutthaya |
Around 1760 | 6 April 1782 Husband's coronation |
7 September 1809 Husband's death |
25 May 1826 Bangkok, Siam aged 89 |
10 sons and daughters, 5 surviving | King Rama I (Mother of Rama II) | |
Somdet Phra Sri Suriyendra Boromarajini |
Around 1767 Amphawa, Samut Songkhram, Ayutthaya |
21 September 1801 | 7 September 1809 Husband's coronation |
21 July 1824 Husband's death |
18 October 1836 Thonburi Palace, Bangkok Yai, Bangkok, Siam aged 69 |
5 sons and daughters, 2 surviving | King Rama II (Mother of Rama IV) | |
Somdet Phra Debsirindra Boromarajini |
17 July 1834 Grand Palace, Phra Nakhon, Bangkok, Siam |
1 April 1851 | 9 September 1862 Grand Palace, Phra Nakhon, Bangkok, Siam aged 28 |
3 sons and 1 daughter, 3 surviving | King Rama IV (Mother of Rama V) | |||
Somdet Phra Nangchao Saovabha Phongsri Phra Boromarajininat (Queen Regent) |
1 January 1864 Grand Palace, Phra Nakhon, Bangkok, Siam |
Around 1878 | 23 October 1910 Husband's death |
20 October 1919 Phaya Thai Palace, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Siam aged 56 |
7 sons and 2 daughters, 5 surviving | King Rama V (Mother of Rama VI and Rama VII) | ||
Somdet Phra Nangchao Indrasakdi Sachi Phra Boromarajini |
10 June 1902 Phasi Charoen, Bangkok, Siam |
10 June 1921 | 1 January 1922 Appointed |
15 November 1925 Demoted to the rank of Princess consort |
30 November 1975 Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok Noi, Bangkok, Thailand aged 73 |
(None) | King Rama VI | |
Somdet Phra Nangchao Rambai Barni Phra Boromarajini |
20 December 1904 Bangkok, Siam |
25 August 1918 | 25 November 1925 Husband's coronation |
2 March 1935 Husband's abdication |
22 May 1984 Sukhothai Palace, Dusit, Bangkok, Thailand aged 79 |
(None) | King Rama VII | |
Somdet Phra Nangchao Sirikit Phra Boromarajininat (Queen Regent) |
12 August 1932 Pathum Wan, Bangkok, Siam |
28 April 1950 | 13 October 2016 Husband's death |
Living: aged 89 | Princess Ubolratana Rajakanya Crown Prince Maha Vajiralongkorn Princess Sirindhorn Princess Chulabhorn Walailak |
King Rama IX (Mother of Rama X) | ||
Somdet Phra Nangchao Suthida Phra Boromarajini |
3 June 1978 Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand |
1 May 2019 | Incumbent | Living: aged 43 | King Rama X |
Family tree[]
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Cadet houses[]
Royal houses[]
showSiblings of King Rama I (both brothers and sisters) |
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showDescendants of King Rama I |
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showDescendants of King Rama II |
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showDescendants of King Rama III |
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showDescendants of King Rama IV |
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showDescendants of King Rama V |
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showAdopted son of King Rama VII |
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showDescendants of King Rama IX and King Rama X |
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Viceregal houses[]
showDescendants of Maha Sura Singhanat |
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showDescendants of Anurak Devesh |
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showDescendants of Maha Senanurak |
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showDescendants of Sakdiphonlasep |
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showDescendants of Pinklao |
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showDescendants of Wichaichan |
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See also[]
- Monarchy of Thailand
- List of monarchs of Thailand
- List of Thai royal consorts
- Rattanakosin era
- 1924 Palace Law on Succession
- Rama (King of Thailand)
- Order of the Royal House of Chakri
- Privy Council of Thailand
- Regent of Thailand
References[]
- ^ Reid, Anthony (2015). A History of Southeast Asia: Critical Crossroads. p. 215. ISBN 9780631179610.
- ^ "King Vajiralongkorn of Thailand is crowned in elaborate ceremony". theguardian.com. Retrieved 10 May 2019.
- ^ Terwiel, B.J. (2011). Thailand's Political History: From the 13th Century to Recent Times. Thailand: River Books. p. 39. ISBN 9749863968.
- ^ Royal Gazette, Announcement of the appointment of Prince Vajirunhis to the Crown Prince of Siam (Thai), Volume 3, Chapter 44, 1 March 1886, page 368
- ^ Royal Gazette, The Investiture of Crown Prince Maha Vajiravudh (Thai), Volume 11, Chapter 63, 20 January 1895, page 346
- ^ Royal Gazette, Royal Decree announcing the Investiture of Crown Prince Maha Vajiralongkorn (Thai), Volume 89, Chapter 200 (ก), Special Edition, 28 December 1972, Page 1
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "ราชกิจจานุเบกษา, พระบรมราชโองการ ประกาศ พระราชทานนามสกุลสำหรับเชื้อพระวงศ์พระบรมราชวงศ์ชั้น 5, เล่ม 46, ตอน 0ก, 9 มิถุนายน พ.ศ. 2472, หน้า 21" (PDF). Retrieved 26 February 2019.
External links[]
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- Chakri dynasty
- Thai royalty
- Asian dynasties
- History of Thailand
- Political history of Thailand
- Social history of Thailand
- 1780s in Siam
- 1790s in Siam
- 19th century in Siam
- 20th century in Thailand
- 21st century in Thailand
- 1782 establishments in Siam