Chiniquodon

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Chiniquodon
Temporal range: Carnian
~235–221.5 Ma
PreꞒ
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S
D
C
P
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Pg
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Chiniquodon theotonicus.JPG
Fossil of C. theotonicus in the
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Synapsida
Clade: Therapsida
Clade: Cynodontia
Family: †Chiniquodontidae
Genus: †Chiniquodon
von Huene 1936
Type species
†Chiniquodon theotonicus
von Huene, 1936
Species
  • †C. kalanoro Kammerer et al., 2010
  • †C. omaruruensis Mocke, Gaetano & Abdala, 2020
  • †C. sanjuanensis Martinez & Forster, 1996
  • †C. theotonicus von Huene, 1936
Synonyms
  • Belesodon von Huene, 1936
  • Probelesodon Romer, 1969

Chiniquodon is an extinct genus of carnivorous cynodonts, which lived during the Late Triassic (Carnian) in South America (Argentina and Brazil) and Africa (Namibia and Madagascar). Chiniquodon was closely related to the genus Aleodon,[1] and close to the ancestry of mammals.

Other contemporaries included early dinosaurs. As both groups filled a similar ecological niche, fairly large therapsid hunters such as Chiniquodon may have been outcompeted by dinosaurs.

Classification[]

Life reconstruction of C. theotonicus

Chiniquodon theotonicus, the type species, is from the Santa Maria Formation, Brazil and Chañares Formation, Ischigualasto-Villa Unión Basin, northwestern Argentina. This species is known from a number of skulls. The holotype is in the paleontological collection at Tübingen University, Germany.

Chiniquodon sanjuanensis[2] is from the Cancha de Bochas Member of the Ischigualasto Formation, Ischigualasto-Villa Unión Basin, northwestern Argentina. It was originally assigned to the genus Probelesodon, but was reassigned to this genus in 2002.[3] It is differentiated from C. theotonicus because of its teeth and the shape of the zygomatic process.

Chiniquodon kalanoro[4] is from the Isalo II Formation, Madagascar. This species is known from a mandible (holotype UA 10607).

Chiniquodon omaruruensis[5] is from the Omingonde Formation of Namibia. It is known from a single specimen (GSN F315), consisting of a complete skull and parts of the postcranial skeleton.

References[]

  1. ^ Martinelli, A. G.; Kammerer, C. F.; Melo, T. P.; Paes Neto, V. D.; Ribeiro, A. M.; Da-Rosa, Á. A. S.; Schultz, C. L.; Soares, M. B. (2017). "The African cynodont Aleodon (Cynodontia, Probainognathia) in the Triassic of southern Brazil and its biostratigraphic significance". PLOS ONE. 12 (6): e0177948. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0177948.
  2. ^ Ricardo N. Martinez & Catherine A. Forster (June 1996). "The skull of Probelesodon sanjuanensis, sp. nov., from the Late Triassic Ischigualasto Formation of Argentina". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 16 (2): 285–291. doi:10.1080/02724634.1996.10011315.
  3. ^ Abdala, F.; Giannini, N. P. (2002). "Chiniquodontid cynodonts: systematic and morphometric considerations". Palaeontology. 45 (6): 1151–1170. doi:10.1111/1475-4983.00280.
  4. ^ Christian F. Kammerer; John J. Flynn; Lovasoa Ranivoharimanana; André R. Wyss (2010). "The first record of a probainognathian (Cynodontia: Chiniquodontidae) from the Triassic of Madagascar". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 30 (6): 1889–1894. doi:10.1080/02724634.2010.520784.
  5. ^ Mocke, H. B.; Gaetano, L. C.; Abdala, F. (2020). "A new species of the carnivorous cynodont Chiniquodon (Cynodontia, Chiniquodontidae) from the Namibian Triassic". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 39 (6): e1754231. doi:10.1080/02724634.2019.1754231.

Further reading[]

  • Von Huene. Die Fossilien Reptilien des südamerikanischen Gondwanalandes an der Zeitenwende (Denwa-Molteno-Unterkeuper = Ober-Karnisch). Ergebnisse der Sauriergrabungen in Südbrasilien 1928/29. (The fossil reptiles of South American Gondwana during the temporal transition) (Denwa-Molteno-Upper Triassic = Upper Carnian). Results of the excavations in South Brazil 1928/29, part II.) 1936. Pages 93–159.
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