Riograndia

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Riograndia
Temporal range: Carnian
~225 Ma
PreꞒ
Ꞓ
O
S
D
C
P
T
J
K
Pg
N
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Riograndia NT.jpg
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Synapsida
Clade: Therapsida
Clade: Cynodontia
Clade: Prozostrodontia
Family: †Tritheledontidae
Genus: †Riograndia
Bonaparte et al. 2001
Type species
†Riograndia guaibensis
Bonaparte et al. 2001

Riograndia is an extinct genus of tritheledontid cynodonts from the Late Triassic of South America. The type and only species is Riograndia guaibensis. Remains have been found in the Caturrita Formation of the geopark of Paleorrota. It was a small non-mammalian cynodont, with several advanced features also present in mammals. Several specimens of Riograndia guaibensis have been found in the towns of Candelária and Faxinal do Soturno in the Caturrita Formation.[1] The genus defines the .

Classification[]

Riograndia is currently classified as a basal genus in the family Tritheledontidae. Other tritheledontids include the related Irajatherium, and two clades, a more basal group including Sinoconodon, Brasilitherium, Brasilodon, and Morganucodon, and a more derived clade of , Elliotherium, Pachygenelus, Diarthrognathus, and Tritheledon. The below cladogram was found by Martinelli and Rougier in 2007 and modified by Soares et al. in 2011,[1] with Tritheledontidae added after Ruta et al. (2013):[2]

 
 
 

Brasilodon

 
 
 

Brasilitherium

 
 
 

Sinoconodon

 
 

Morganucodon

 
 
 
 
Tritheledontidae
 

Riograndia

 
 
 

Irajatherium

 
 
 
 

 
 

Elliotherium

 
 
 
 

Pachygenelus

 
 
 

Diarthrognathus

 
 

Tritheledon

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Paleoecology[]

Restoration of Brasilodon and Riograndia

All specimens of Riograndia come from the Late Triassic aged Caturrita Formation.[1] The formation dates to about 225 million years ago, and it based in the present-day country of Brasil.[3] Dinosaurs from the formation only include the sauropodomorphs Unaysaurus and Guaibasaurus. Non-dinosaurian animals include the dinosauriform Sacisaurus; the dicynodont Jachaleria; an unnamed phytosaurian; isolated archosaurian teeth; an amphibian classified in Stereospondyli; and many common tetrapods smaller than 15 cm (5.9 in) long. Among the tetrapods is the procolophonid Soturnia; the sphenodontid Clevosaurus; the lepidosaurian Cargninia; the pterosaurian Faxinalipterus, and an assortment of mammaliamorphs including Riograndia, Brasilodon, Brasilitherium, Irajatherium, and Minicynodon.[1]

References[]

  1. ^ a b c d Soares, M.B.; Schultz, C.L.; Horn, B.L.D. (2011). "New information on Riograndia guaibensis Bonaparte, Ferigolo & Ribeiro, 2001 (Eucynodontia, Tritheledontidae) from the Late Triassic of southern Brazil: anatomical and biostratigraphic implications". Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências. 83 (1): 329–354. doi:10.1590/S0001-37652011000100021. ISSN 0001-3765. PMID 21437390.
  2. ^ Ruta, M.; Botha-Brink, J.; Mitchell, S. A.; Benton, M. J. (2013). "The radiation of cynodonts and the ground plan of mammalian morphological diversity". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 280 (1769): 20131865. doi:10.1098/rspb.2013.1865. PMC 3768321. PMID 23986112.
  3. ^ Leal, L.A.; Azevodo, S.A.K.; Kellner, A.W.A.; da Rosa, A.A.S. (2004). "A new early dinosaur (Sauropodomorpha) from the Caturrita Formation (Late Triassic), Paraná Basin, Brazil" (PDF). Zootaxa. 690: 1–24. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.690.1.1.

External links[]

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