Cia-Cia language

Cia-Cia
Cia-Cia
Butonese
Bahasa Ciacia; 바하사 찌아찌아
	An elementary school sign in Indonesian (top) and Korean (bottom)
Native to	Indonesia
Region	Baubau, Buton Island, Southeast Sulawesi
Native speakers	79,000 (2005)
Language family	Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Celebic Muna–Buton Buton Cia-Cia; ; ; ; ;
Writing system	Hangul (present); Latin (present); Gundhul (historical)
Language codes
ISO 639-3	cia
Glottolog	ciac1237
	This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Cia-Cia (Bahasa Ciacia), also known as Buton or Butonese, is an Austronesian language spoken principally around the city of Baubau on the southern tip of Buton Island off the southeast coast of Sulawesi in Indonesia.

In 2009, the language gained international media attention as the city of Baubau was teaching children to read and write Cia-Cia in Hangul, the Korean alphabet, and the mayor consulted the Indonesian government on the possibility of making the writing system official.^[2] However, the project encountered difficulties between the city of Baubau, the Hunminjeongeum Society, and the Seoul Metropolitan Government in 2011,^[3] and was abandoned in 2012.^[4] As of 2017 it remains in use in schools and on local signs.^[5]

Demographics[]

As of 2005 there were 80,000 speakers.^[1] Speakers also use Wolio, which is closely related to Cia-Cia, as well as Indonesian, the national language of Indonesia. Wolio is falling into disuse as a written language among the Cia-Cia, as it is written using the Arabic script and Indonesian is now taught in schools with the Latin script.^[6]

Geographic distribution[]

A student is writing on a whiteboard

Cia-Cia is spoken in Southeast Sulawesi, south Buton Island, , and .^[1]

According to legend, Cia-Cia speakers on Binonko descend from Butonese troops sent by a Butonese Sultan.^[7]

Name[]

The name of the language comes from the negator cia "no". It is also known as Buton, Butonese, Butung, and in Dutch Boetonees, names it shares with Wolio, and as South Buton or Southern Butung.^[1]

Dialects[]

The language situation on the island of Buton is very complicated and not known in great detail.^[8]

Dialects include Kaesabu, Sampolawa (Mambulu-Laporo), Wabula (with its subvarieties), and Masiri.^[9] The Masiri dialect shows the greatest amount of vocabulary in common with the standard dialect.^[1] Konisi & Hidayat discuss two dialects, Pesisir and Pedalaman; Pedalaman has gh in native words where Pesisir has r, but has r in loan words.

Phonology[]

Consonants[]

		Bilabial	Alveolar	Postalveolar	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Nasal		m	n		ŋ
Stop	voiceless	p	t	t͡ʃ	k		ʔ
	voiced	b	d	d͡ʒ	ɡ
	implosive	ɓ	ɗ
Fricative		β	s				h
Approximant			l
Trill			(r)			(ʁ)

Vowels[]

	Front	Back
Close	i	u
Mid	e	o
Open	a

Orthography[]

Cia-Cia was once written in a Jawi-like script, called Gundhul, based on Arabic with five additional consonant letters but no signs for vowels.

The Cia-Cia Latin alphabet^[10]
Consonants	g	k	n	d	dh	t	r~gh	l	m	b	v~w	bh	p	s	’	ng	j	c	h
IPA	/ɡ/	/k/	/n/	/ɗ/	/d/	/t/	/r ~ ʁ/	/l/	/m/	/ɓ/	/β/	/b/	/p/	/s/	/ʔ/	/ŋ/	/dʒ/	/tʃ/	/h/
Vowels	a	e	o	u	i
IPA	/a/	/e/	/o/	/u/	/i/

In 2009, residents of the city of Baubau attempted to adopt Hangul, the script for the Korean language, as their script for writing Cia-Cia.^[11]

The Cia-Cia Hangul alphabet
Consonants	g	k	n	d	dh	t	r	l	m	b	v	bh	p	s	’	ng	j	c	h
Hangul	ㄱ	ㄲ	ㄴ	ㄷ	ㅌ	ㄸ	ㄹ	ᄙ*	ㅁ	ㅂ	ㅸ	ㅍ	ㅃ	ㅅ	ㅇ	ㅇ	ㅈ	ㅉ	ㅎ
Vowels	a	e	o	u	i	(null)
Hangul	ㅏ	ㅔ	ㅗ	ㅜ	ㅣ	ㅡ

* ᄙ is not a separate letter. The medial /r/ and /l/ are distinguished by writing a single letter (ㄹ) for /r/ and double (ᄙ) for /l/. Double ㄹ must be written in two syllables. The final /l/ is written with a single letter ㄹ; for the final consonant /r/, the null vowel (ㅡ) is added. Null consonant and vowel letters (으) are added for initial /l/.

An example of the proposed Hangul script and followed by Latin and IPA alphabet:^[12]

아디

Adi

aɗi

세링

sering

seriŋ

빨리

pali

노논또

nononto

뗄레ᄫᅵ시.

televisi.

teleβisi

아마노

Amano

amano

노뽀옴바에

nopo'ombae

nopoʔomɓa.e

이아

ia

i.a

나누몬또

nanumonto

뗄레ᄫᅵ시

televisi

teleβisi

꼴리에

kolie

koli.e

노몰렝오.

nomolengo.

nomoleŋo

Words[]

The numerals 1–10 are:

Numerals 1–10^[13]
English	one	two	three	four	five	six	seven	eight	nine	ten
Romanization	dise, ise	rua, ghua	tolu	pa'a	lima	no'o	picu	walu, oalu	siua	ompulu
Hangul	디세, 이세	루아	똘루	빠아	을리마	노오	삐쭈	ᄫᅡᆯ루, 오알루	시우아	옴뿔루

References[]

Citations[]

^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Cia-Cia at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
^ Lee Tae-hoon, "Hangeul didn’t become Cia Cia’s official writing", Korea Times, 2010-10-06.
^ "Adoption of Hangeul by Indonesian Tribe Hits Snag". The Chosun Ilbo. 10 October 2011. Archived from the original on 13 December 2011. Retrieved 30 June 2017.
^ Yi, Whan-woo (8 October 2012). "Sejong Institute withdrawal to leave Cia-Cia out in cold". The Korea Times. Archived from the original on 6 February 2017. Retrieved 30 June 2017.
^ "Wow... Ada Kampung Korea di Sulawesi Tenggara!". KOMPASTV.
^ Butonese - Introduction
^ Noorduyn, J. 1991. "A critical survey of studies on the languages of Sulawesi" p. 131.
^ Noorduyn, J. 1991. "A critical survey of studies on the languages of Sulawesi" p. 130.
^ Donohue, Mark. 1999. "A grammar of Tukang Besi". p. 6.
^ slideshow
^ Agence France-Presse, "Southeast Sulawesi Tribe Using Korean Alphabet to Preserve Native Tongue Archived 10 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine", Jakarta Globe, 2009 August 06
^ (in Korean) 印尼 소수민족, '한글' 공식 문자로 채택
^ Numbers in Austronesian languages

Sources[]

van den Berg, René. 1991. "Preliminary notes on the Cia-Cia language (South Buton)." In Harry A. Poeze and Pim Schoorl (eds.), Excursies in Celebes: Een bundel bijdragen bij het afscheid van J. Noorduyn als directeur-secretaris van het KITLV, 305-24. Leiden: KITLV.
Mustafa Abdullah. 1985. Struktur bahasa Cia-Cia. Proyek Penelitian Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia dan Daerah Sulawesi Selatan, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.
Ho-Young Lee, Hyosung Hwang, Abidin. 2009. Bahasa Cia-Cia 1. Hunmin jeongeum Society of Korea.
La Yani Konisi; Ahid Hidayat (2001). Analisis kategori kata bahasa cia liwungau (Research report) (in Indonesian). Universitas Terbuka Kendari.
Cho Tae-Young. 2012. Cia-Cia Language: From The Era of Oral To The Era of Writing. Humaniora No.3 Vol 24. https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/11941-ID-cia-cia-language-from-the-era-of-oral-to-the-era-of-writing.pdf

External links[]

[e18-1] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Cia-Cia at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)

[koreatimesoct-2] Lee Tae-hoon, "Hangeul didn’t become Cia Cia’s official writing", Korea Times, 2010-10-06.

[3] "Adoption of Hangeul by Indonesian Tribe Hits Snag". The Chosun Ilbo. 10 October 2011. Archived from the original on 13 December 2011. Retrieved 30 June 2017.

[4] Yi, Whan-woo (8 October 2012). "Sejong Institute withdrawal to leave Cia-Cia out in cold". The Korea Times. Archived from the original on 6 February 2017. Retrieved 30 June 2017.

[5] "Wow... Ada Kampung Korea di Sulawesi Tenggara!". KOMPASTV.

[6] Butonese - Introduction

[7] Noorduyn, J. 1991. "A critical survey of studies on the languages of Sulawesi" p. 131.

[8] Noorduyn, J. 1991. "A critical survey of studies on the languages of Sulawesi" p. 130.

[9] Donohue, Mark. 1999. "A grammar of Tukang Besi". p. 6.

[10] slideshow

[jakartaglobe-11] Agence France-Presse, "Southeast Sulawesi Tribe Using Korean Alphabet to Preserve Native Tongue Archived 10 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine", Jakarta Globe, 2009 August 06

[cbs-12] (in Korean) 印尼 소수민족, '한글' 공식 문자로 채택

[13] Numbers in Austronesian languages

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

show v t Celebic languages
Bungku–Tolaki	Bahonsuai Bungku Kodeoha Kulisusu Moronene Mori Bawah Mori Atas Padoe Rahambuu Tolaki Tomadino Waru Wawonii
Kaili–Pamona	Bada Behoa Kaili (Ledo) Lindu Mbelala Moma Napu Pamona Rampi Sarudu Sedoa Topoiyo Uma
Muna–Buton	Bonerate Busoa Cia-Cia Kaimbulawa Kumbewaha Lasalimu Liabuku Muna Pancana Tukang Besi
Saluan–Banggai	Andio Balantak Banggai Batui Bobongko Saluan
Tomini–Tolitoli	Balaesang Boano Dampelas Dondo Lauje Pendau Taje Tajio Tomini Totoli
Wotu–Wolio	Kalao Kamaru Laiyolo Wolio Wotu

Cia-Cia
Butonese
Bahasa Ciacia 바하사 찌아찌아
An elementary school sign in Indonesian (top) and Korean (bottom)
Native to	Indonesia
Region	Baubau, Buton Island, Southeast Sulawesi
Native speakers	79,000 (2005)^[1]
Language family	Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Celebic Muna–Buton Buton Cia-Cia
Writing system	Hangul (present) Latin (present) Gundhul (historical)
Language codes
ISO 639-3	`cia`
Glottolog	`ciac1237`
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.