Constitution of Peru

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Politics of Peru
Constitution
Executive President of Peru Pedro Castillo Vice Presidents of Peru Dina Boluarte (1st) Vacant (2nd) Prime Minister of Peru Mirtha Vásquez Cabinet Ministries
Legislature Congress of the Republic President Maricarmen Alva
Judiciary Supreme Court of the Republic President Superior Courts of Justice Courts of First Instance Courts of Peace
Autonomies National Board of Justice Constitutional Tribunal Public Ministry Office of the Public Defender (Ombudsman) Comptrollership General Financial superintendence (SBS) Central Reserve Bank
Elections Electoral system Electoral Processes (ONPE) Jury of Elections (JNE) National Registry (RENIEC)
Administrative divisions First level 24 departments, 1 constitutional province and 1 special regime province (25 regional governments and 1 Metropolitan Municipality) Second level 196 provinces (Provincial municipalities) Third level 1874 districts (District municipalities) Fourth level Populated centers of Peru
Foreign relations Ministry of Foreign Affairs Minister: Óscar Maúrtua Diplomatic missions of / in Peru Nationality law Passport Visa requirements Visa policy
Peru portal Other countries
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The Constitution of Peru is the supreme law of Peru. The current constitution, enacted on 31 December 1993, is Peru's fifth in the 20th century and replaced the 1979 Constitution.^[1] The Constitution was drafted by the Democratic Constituent Congress that was convened by President Alberto Fujimori during the Peruvian Constitutional Crisis of 1992 that followed his 1992 dissolution of Congress, was promulgated on 29 December 1993. A Democratic Constitutional Congress (CCD) was elected in 1992, and the final text was approved in a 1993 referendum.

The current Constitution of Peru differs from the 1979 Constitution in that it gives greater power to the president. For example, it allowed for reelection, reduced the bicameral 240-member congress to a unicameral 120 Congress of the Republic,^[2] not only affirmed the president's power to veto found in the 1979 Constitution, but also gave him the power to use a line item veto, and mandated that all tax laws receive prior approval by the Ministry of Economics and Finance. While the Constitution of 1979 allowed the president to dissolve congress after congress censured cabinet members three times, the current constitution allows the president to do so after only two censures. The Constitution allows the president to decree laws as long as he first informs the Congress of his intent to do so. If the president dissolves Congress, the Constitution gives him the power to rule until the election of a new Congress within a four-month timeline, during which time the Standing Committee of the dissolved Congress will remain functioning.

A miniature book of the Constitution of Peru

Following the ouster of President Alberto Fujimori, the Constitution was amended to bar the president from immediate re-election, a status quo that had prevailed for most of the time since the Great Depression.

History[]

Peru has had twelve constitutions (1823, 1826, 1828, 1834, 1839, 1856, 1860, 1867, 1920, 1933, 1979 and 1993), four provisional statutes (1821, 1855, 1879 and 1883) and one confederate constitution during Peru–Bolivian Confederation (1837).^[3]

1979 Constitution[]

The 1979 Constitution was promulgated on 12 July 1979 by a Constituent Assembly elected in June 1978 following 10 years of military rule and replaced the suspended 1933 Constitution. It became effective in 1980 with the re-election of deposed President Fernando Belaúnde Terry. It limited the president to a single five-year term and established a bicameral legislature consisting of a 60-member Senate (upper house) and a 180-member Chamber of Deputies (lower house). It also eliminated the literacy requirement for voting and extended suffrage to all adults 18 or older.

See also[]

• Constitutional economics
• Constitutionalism
• Rule according to higher law

References[]

External links[]

• (in Spanish) The Constitution of Peru
• (in Spanish) Full text of each of Peru's historic constitutions
• (in English) English translation of the Political Constitution of Peru - translated by staff of the Translation Bureau of the Congress of the Republic of Peru.

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