Outline of Peru

An enlargeable map of the Republic of Peru

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Peru:

Peru – country located in western South America, on the Pacific Coast, north of Chile. Peruvian territory was home to several ancient cultures. Ranging from the Norte Chico civilization in the 32nd century BC, the oldest civilization in the Americas and one of the five cradles of civilization, to the Inca Empire, the largest state in pre-Columbian America, the territory now including Peru has one of the longest histories of civilization of any country, tracing its heritage back to the 4th millennia BCE. The Spanish Empire conquered the region in the 16th century and established a Viceroyalty, which included most of its South American colonies. After achieving independence in 1821, Peru has undergone periods of political unrest and fiscal crisis as well as periods of stability and economic upswing.

General reference[]

An enlargeable relief map of Peru

Pronunciation: /pəˈruː/ (listen)
Common English country name: Peru
Official English country name: The Republic of Peru
Common endonym(s): Perú, Piruw
Official endonym(s): República del Perú, Piruw Hapan llaqta, Piruw Suyu
Adjectival(s): Peruvian
Demonym(s): Peruvians
Etymology: Name of Peru
International rankings of Peru
ISO country codes: PE, PER, 604
ISO region codes: See ISO 3166-2:PE
Internet country code top-level domain: .pe

Geography of Peru[]

An enlargeable topographic map of Peru

Geography of Peru

Peru is: a megadiverse country
Location:
- Southern Hemisphere
- Western Hemisphere
  - Americas
    - Latin America
      - South America
- Time in Peru
  - Time zone: UTC-05
- Extreme points of Peru
  - High: Huascarán 6,768 m (22,205 ft) – highest point in the Tropics
  - Low: South Pacific Ocean 0 m
- Land boundaries: 7,461 km

Brazil 2,995 km

Colombia 1,800 km

Ecuador 1,420 km

Bolivia 1,075 km

Chile 171 km

Coastline: South Pacific Ocean 2,414 km

Population of Peru: 28,750,770 (June 30, 2007) - 40th most populous country
Area of Peru: 1,285,220 km² (496,230 sq mi) - 20th largest country
Atlas of Peru

Environment of Peru[]

An enlargeable satellite image of Peru

Climate of Peru
Environmental issues in Peru
Renewable energy in Peru
Geology of Peru
- List of earthquakes in Peru
Natural regions of Peru
Protected areas of Peru
- Biosphere reserves in Peru
- National parks of Peru
Wildlife of Peru
- Flora of Peru
- Fauna of Peru
  - Birds of Peru
  - Mammals of Peru

Natural geographic features of Peru[]

Glaciers of Peru
Islands of Peru
Lakes of Peru
Mountains of Peru
- Volcanoes in Peru
Peru–Chile Trench
Rivers of Peru
World Heritage Sites in Peru

Regions of Peru[]

Administrative divisions of Peru[]

Administrative divisions of Peru

Regions of Peru
- Provinces of Peru
  - Districts of Peru
    - Populated centers of Peru
- Former regions of Peru
Municipalities of Peru

Regions of Peru[]

Regions of Peru Peru is divided into 25 regions and the province of Lima.

Ama
zonas

Ancash

Apurímac

Arequipa

Ayacucho

Caja
marca

Cusco

Huánuco

Huanca
velica

Ica

Junín

La Libertad

Lamba
yeque

Lima

Lima
Province

Callao

Loreto

Madre de Dios

Moquegua

Pasco

Piura

Puno

Tacna

Tumbes

San
Martín

Ucayali

Clickable map of the regions of Peru.

Amazonas
Ancash
Apurímac
Arequipa
Ayacucho
Cajamarca
Callao
Cusco
Huancavelica
Huánuco
Ica
Junín
La Libertad

Lambayeque
Lima
Loreto
Madre de Dios
Moquegua
Pasco
Piura
Puno
San Martín
Tacna
Tumbes
Ucayali
Lima Province

Capital of Peru: Lima
Cities of Peru

Demography of Peru[]

Demographics of Peru

Census in Peru

Neighbours of Peru[]

Peru is bordered by:

Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador

Government and politics of Peru[]

Politics of Peru
- Form of government: unitary semi-presidential representative democratic republic
- Capital of Peru: Lima
- Census in Peru
- Communism in Peru
- Decentralization process in Peru
- Elections in Peru
  - Peruvian electoral system
    - Voting in Peru is compulsory (until the age of 70)
  - Peruvian presidential elections: 1895 - 1899 - 2000 - 2001 - 2006 - 2011
  - Peruvian parliamentary elections: 1978 - 1992 - 2000 - 2001 - 2006 - 2011
- Liberalism in Peru
- Political parties in Peru
- 2009 Peruvian political crisis
- Taxation in Peru

Branches of the government of Peru[]

Government of Peru

Executive branch of the government of Peru[]

Head of state and head of government: President of Peru, Martín Vizcarra
- Vice Presidents of Peru: Mercedes Aráoz
Cabinet: Council of Ministers of Peru
Ministries of Peru
- Prime Minister of Peru, Fernando Zavala
- Ministry of Agriculture of Peru
- Ministry of Economy and Finance of Peru
- Ministry of Defense of Peru
- Ministry of Education of Peru
- Ministry of Energy and Mines of Peru
- Ministry of Environment of Peru
- Ministry of Foreign Commerce and Tourism of Peru
- Ministry of Foreign Relations of Peru
- Ministry of Health of Peru
- Ministry of the Interior of Peru
- Ministry of Justice of Peru
- Ministry of Production of Peru
- Ministry of Transportation and Communication of Perú
- Ministry of Women and Social Development of Peru

Legislative branch of the government of Peru[]

Parliament of Peru: Congress of the Republic (unicameral)
- Members of Congress

Judicial branch of the government of Peru[]

Judicial system of Peru
- Constitutional Court of Peru - interprets the constitution on matters of individual rights
- Supreme Court of Peru - located in the Palace of Justice
  - Superior Courts of Justice of Peru preside over the Judicial Districts of Peru
    - Courts of First Instance of Peru hold jurisdiction over each province
      - Courts of Peace of Peru each have jurisdiction over a single district