Deaths in February 2000

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Contents
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The following is a list of notable deaths in February 2000.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

  • Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

February 2000[]

1[]

  • Frederick Vanderbilt Field, 94, American political activist.[1]
  • Art Hoppe, 74, American newspaper columnist, lung cancer.
  • Anker Kihle, 82, Norwegian footballer.
  • Peter Levi, 68, British poet, Jesuit priest and scholar.[2]
  • Thomas J. McHugh, 80, Sergeant Major in the US Marine Corps.
  • James V. Neel, 84, American geneticist.[3]
  • Dick Rathmann, 74, American racecar driver.

2[]

  • Harry K. Cull, 88, American politician.
  • Mary Docherty, 91, British activist and communist.
  • Teruki Miyamoto, 59, Japanese football player and manager, heart failure.
  • Francis Stuart, 97, Irish writer.
  • Li Zhun, 71, Chinese novelist.

3[]

  • Bonnie Cashin, American pioneer designer of sportswear.[4]
  • Don Gallinger, 74, Canadian ice hockey player.
  • Richard Kleindienst, 76, American lawyer, politician, and U.S. Attorney General during the Watergate, lung cancer.[5]
  • John Leovich, 81, American baseball player.[6]
  • Susumu Nikaidō, 90, Japanese politician, heart failure.
  • Pierre Plantard, 79, French draughtsman and impostor.
  • Alla Rakha, 80, Indian tabla player.[7]
  • Ken Stroud, 91, British mathematician.

4[]

  • Carl Albert, 91, American lawyer, politician and 46th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives.[8]
  • Joachim-Ernst Berendt, 77, German music journalist.[9]
  • Edgar Bowers, 75, American poet.[10]
  • Doris Coley, 58, American singer of The Shirelles.[11]
  • James C. Green, 78, American politician.
  • Ronald Robertson, 62, American figure skater.[12]
  • Phil Tonken, 80, American radio and television announcer.

5[]

  • Claude Autant-Lara, 98, French film director and politician.[13]
  • Ward Cornell, 75, Canadian radio/TV broadcaster & educator.[14]
  • Todd Karns, 79, American actor (It's a Wonderful Life), cancer[15]
  • George Koltanowski, 96, Belgian-American chess master, promoter, and writer.[16]
  • T. G. Lingappa, 72, Indian film score composer.
  • G. E. M. de Ste. Croix, 89, British ancient historian.[17]
  • Göran Tunström, 62, Swedish author.[18]

6[]

  • Derroll Adams, 74, American folk musician.[19]
  • Thomas Armstrong, 90, English cricketer.
  • Gus Johnson, 86, American swing drummer.[20]
  • Reginald Lenna, 87, American businessman and Philanthropist.
  • Colin Moodie, 86, Australian public servant and diplomat.
  • Steve Waller, 48, American musician, liver problems.
  • Phil Walters, 83, American racing driver.

7[]

  • Big Pun, 28, American rapper.[21]
  • Wilfred Cantwell Smith, 83, Canadian Islamicist and Presbyterian minister.[22]
  • Stewart Farrar, 83, English screenwriter, novelist and Wiccan priest.
  • Doug Henning, 52, Canadian magician, illusionist and escape artist.[23]
  • Dorothy McFadden Hoover, 81, American physicist and mathematician.
  • Shiho Niiyama, 29, Japanese voice actress.
  • Dave Peverett, 56, English singer and musician of Foghat.[24]

8[]

  • Sid Abel, 81, Canadian ice hockey player.[25]
  • Aryanandi, 92, Indian Jain monk.
  • Mario Capio, 75, Italian Olympic sailor.
  • Bob Collins, 57, American broadcaster.[26]
  • Ion Gheorghe Maurer, 97, Prime Minister of Romania.[27]
  • Edna Griffin, 90, American civil rights pioneer and activist.
  • Muboraksho Mirzoshoyev, 38, Tajikistani musician and Tajik rock music pioneer, tuberculosis.
  • Frank E. Rodgers, 90, American politician.
  • Derrick Thomas, 33, American football player (Kansas City Chiefs) and member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame, pulmonary embolism.[28]

9[]

10[]

11[]

  • Jacqueline Auriol, 82, French aviator who set several world speed records.[37]
  • Gordon Lockhart Bennett, 87, Canadian politician, Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island.
  • Lord Kitchener, 77, Trinidadian calypsonian.[38]
  • Elangbam Nilakanta Singh, 72, Indian poet and critic.
  • Martin Theodore Orne, 72, Austrian-American professor of psychiatry and psychology.[39]
  • Roger Vadim, 72, French film director.[40]
  • Bernardino Zapponi, 72, Italian novelist and screenwriter.

12[]

  • Newt Arnold, 77, American film director.[41]
  • Dominic Bruce, 84, British Royal Air Force officer and Colditz Castle escapee during World War II.[42]
  • Screamin' Jay Hawkins, 70, American musician.[43]
  • Tom Landry, 75, American football coach (Dallas Cowboys) and member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame.[44]
  • Andy Lewis, 33, Australian bass guitarist.
  • John London, 58, American musician and songwriter.
  • Oliver, 54, American pop singer.[45]
  • Charles M. Schulz, 77, American comic strip artist (Peanuts).[46]

13[]

  • Anders Aalborg, 85, Canadian politician.
  • John W. Blassingame, 59, American historian and pioneer in the study of American slavery.[47]
  • James Cooke Brown, 78, American sociologist and science fiction author.
  • John Leake, 50, British Royal Navy sailor, cancer.
  • F. X. Martin, 77, Irish priest and historian.[48]
  • Thelma Parr, 93, American actress.
  • Theodore Rinaldo, 55, American charismatic religious leader, businessman, and convicted child sex offender.

14[]

  • Henry A. Bamman, 81, American author and professor.
  • Tony Bettenhausen Jr., 48, American car racing team owner and driver, plane crash.
  • Tertius Bosch, 33, South African cricketer, Guillain–Barré syndrome.
  • Jimmy Martin, 75, Irish professional golfer.
  • Walter Zinn, 93, Canadian-American nuclear physicist who worked at the Manhattan Project's Metallurgical Laboratory.[49]

15[]

  • Shamsul Huda Chaudhury, 79, Bangladeshi politician.
  • Dilip Dhawan, 45, Indian actor, heart attack.
  • Valentina Kravchenko, 83, Russian pilot and squadron navigator during WWII.
  • Angus MacLean, 85, Canadian politician and farmer.
  • Bob Ramazzotti, 83, American baseball player.[50]
  • Igor Sinyavin, 62, Soviet/Russian painter and writer.
  • Vladimir Utkin, 76, Soviet/Russian engineer and rocket scientist.

16[]

  • Wayne Blackburn, 85, American baseball coach.
  • Soup Campbell, 84, American baseball player.[51]
  • Marceline Day, 91, American actress.[52]
  • Lila Kedrova, c. 90, Russian-born French actress (Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for Zorba the Greek).[53]
  • B. S. Kesavan, 90, first Director of the Indian National Scientific Documentation Centre.[citation needed]
  • Karsten Solheim, 88, Norwegian-born American golf club designer (PING) and businessman.[54]

17[]

18[]

  • Henry Åkervall, 62, Canadian ice hockey player.
  • Yalavarthi Naveen Babu, 35, Indian leader of Naxalite, a communist revolutionary group, killed in firefight with police.
  • Lefty Hoerst, 82, American baseball player.[57]
  • Nader Naderpour, 70, Iranian-born American poet.[58]
  • Will, 72, Belgian comics artist.

19[]

  • Marin Goleminov, 91, Bulgarian musician.
  • Josef Herman, 89, Polish-British painter.
  • Friedensreich Hundertwasser, 71, Austrian artist.[59]
  • Kenneth L. Maddy, 65, American politician.[60]
  • George Roussos, 84, American comic book artist.
  • Anatoly Sobchak, 62, Russian politician and mentor/teacher of Vladimir Putin and Dmitry Medvedev.[61]
  • Jim Wulff, 63, American football player (Washington Redskins).

20[]

  • Jean Dotto, 71, French racing cyclist.
  • Gus Harris, 91, Canadian politician, Parkinson's disease.
  • Bernard Hickman, 88, American basketball player and coach.
  • Oswald Lange, 87, German-American aerospace engineer and member of the "von Braun rocket group".
  • Otello Martelli, 97, Italian cinematographer.
  • Edmund McNamara, 79, American law enforcement officer and professional football player.
  • Anatoly Sobchak, 62, Russian politician, suspected contract killing by poisoning.[62]

21[]

  • Noel Annan, Baron Annan, 83, British military intelligence officer and academic.[63]
  • Violet Archer, 86, Canadian musician and composer.
  • Clifton Daniel, 87, managing editor of The New York Times, stroke.[64]
  • Radha Mohan Gadanayak, 88, Indian poet.
  • Jean-Pierre Grenier, 85, French actor, theatre director and screenwriter.
  • Kenneth Nichols, 92, officer in the US Army and civil engineer, respiratory failure.[65]

22[]

  • Sir Joseph Gold, 87, British lawyer.
  • John Kellogg, 83, American actor, Alzheimer's disease.
  • Ernest Lough, 88, English boy soprano.[66]
  • Maurine Neuberger, 93, American politician.
  • Michelle O'Keefe, 18, American college student and aspiring actress, gunshot wounds.
  • V. J. P. Saldanha, 74, Indian Konkani language litterateur, dramatist, musician, and poet.

23[]

  • John Nevill, 5th Marquess of Abergavenny, 85, British aristocrat.
  • Dennis Evans, 69, English footballer.
  • Albrecht Goes, 91, German writer and theologian.
  • Ofra Haza, 42, Israeli singer, AIDS-related pneumonia.[67]
  • Sir Stanley Matthews, 85, English footballer.[68]
  • Joseph V. Perry, 69, American actor.[69]

24[]

  • Aleksander Bajt, 78, Yugoslav/Slovenian economist.
  • Betty Lou Beets, 62, American murderer, execution by lethal injection.
  • Michael Colvin, 67, British politician.
  • Franciszek Kamiński, 97, Polish politician and military commander during World War II.
  • Rosalind Keith, 83, American film actress and singer.
  • Bernard Opper, 84, American basketball player.

25[]

26[]

  • Casimiro Montenegro Filho, 95, Brazilian army and air force officer.
  • Franz Fuchs, 50, Austrian terrorist, suicide.
  • George L. Street III, 86, United States Navy submarine commander and Medal of Honor recipient in World War II.[71]
  • Giovanna of Italy, 92, Italian princess of the House of Savoy, heart failure.

27[]

28[]

  • Johannes Barge, 93, officer in the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany.
  • Kariel Gardosh, 78, Israeli cartoonist and illustrator ("Dosh").[75]
  • Władysław Gnyś, 89, Polish Air Force pilot and flying ace during World War II.
  • John N. Irwin II, 86, American diplomat and attorney.[76]
  • Janet Reed, 83, American ballerina and ballet mistress.[77]
  • Jean Vallette d'Osia, 101, French officer and member of the French Resistance during WWII.

29[]

  • Dennis Danell, 38, American musician (Social Distortion), cerebral aneurysm.[78]
  • Pierre Dumas, French doctor and drug test pioneer.
  • Alf Rattigan, 88, Australian Public Service official, prostate cancer.
  • Kayla Rolland, 6, American school shooting victim, cardiac arrest from shooting.

References[]

  1. ^ Enid Nemy (February 7, 2000). "Frederick Vanderbilt Field, Wealthy Leftist, Dies at 94". The New York Times. p. B 9. Retrieved November 28, 2020.
  2. ^ Forbes, Peter (February 3, 2000). "Peter Levi Obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved June 26, 2012.
  3. ^ James Glanz (February 3, 2000). "James V. Neel Is Dead at 84; Leading Genetics Researcher". The New York Times. p. C 26. Retrieved December 21, 2018.
  4. ^ Enid Nemy (February 5, 2000). "Bonnie Cashin, Who Helped Introduce Sportswear to Americans, Is Dead at 84". The New York Times. p. C 16. Retrieved November 28, 2020.
  5. ^ David Stout (February 4, 2000). "Richard G. Kleindienst, Figure in Watergate Era, Dies at 76". The New York Times. p. A 27. Retrieved December 16, 2018.
  6. ^ "John Leovich". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved December 30, 2018.
  7. ^ Jon Pareles (February 6, 2000). "Ustad Alla Rakha, 80, Master Of Hindustani Classical Music". The New York Times. p. 1 38. Retrieved November 28, 2020.
  8. ^ Associated Press (February 6, 2000). "Carl Bert Albert, a Powerful Democrat in Congress for Three Decades, Is Dead at 91". The New York Times. Retrieved December 16, 2018.
  9. ^ "Joachim-Ernst Berendt, 77, Jazz Historian". The New York Times. February 20, 2000. Retrieved December 21, 2018.
  10. ^ "Edgar Bowers, 75, a Poet in the Formalist Style". The New York Times. February 8, 2000. p. B 9. Retrieved December 21, 2018.
  11. ^ Powers, Ann (February 8, 2000). "Doris Kenner-Jackson, 58, Singer In the Original Shirelles Foursome". The New York Times. Retrieved December 16, 2018.
  12. ^ Richard Goldstein (February 17, 2000). "Ronnie Robertson, 62, a Skater Who Entertained With His Spins". The New York Times. p. C 25. Retrieved June 26, 2012.
  13. ^ Daley, Suzanne (February 9, 2000). "Claude Autant-Lara, 98, a Film Director". The New York Times. Retrieved December 16, 2018.
  14. ^ "'Hockey Night' Host Cornell Dies". The Associated Press. February 7, 2000. Retrieved December 21, 2018.
  15. ^ Todd Karns, 79, Who Played Brother in 'It's a Wonderful Life'
  16. ^ Nick Ravo (February 13, 2000). "George Koltanowski, 96, Chess Master Known for Playing While Blindfolded". The New York Times. p. 1 44. Retrieved November 28, 2020.
  17. ^ Geoffrey de Ste Croix
  18. ^ Wolfgang Saxon (February 20, 2000). "Goran Tunstrom, 62, of Sweden; Wrote Novels, Plays and Poetry". The New York Times. p. 1 49. Retrieved August 3, 2021.
  19. ^ Russell, Tony (March 2, 2000). "Derroll Adams". The Guardian. Retrieved January 5, 2019.
  20. ^ Ben Ratliff (February 11, 2000). "Gus Johnson, 86, Who Gave The Beat to the Giants of Jazz". The New York Times. p. B 9. Retrieved November 28, 2020.
  21. ^ Schafer, Gabrielle (February 8, 2000). "Rapper Big Pun Dies of Apparent Heart Attack". Rolling Stone. Retrieved June 26, 2012.
  22. ^ Gustav Niebuhr (February 11, 2000). "Wilfred C. Smith Dies at 83; Scholar of Religious Pluralism". The New York Times. p. B 10. Retrieved November 28, 2020.
  23. ^ Jesse McKinley (February 9, 2000). "Doug Henning, a Superstar Of Illusion, Is Dead at 52". The New York Times. p. B 10. Retrieved June 26, 2012.
  24. ^ The Associated Press (February 14, 2000). "Dave Peverett, 56, of the Rock Band Foghat". The New York Times. Retrieved December 16, 2018.
  25. ^ Lapointe, Joe (February 10, 2000). "Sid Abel, 81, a Hockey Star On a Famed Red Wings Line". The New York Times. Retrieved June 26, 2012.
  26. ^ Times Wire Services (February 9, 2000). "2 Small Planes Collide Over Ill. Hospital; 3 Die". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 16, 2018.
  27. ^ Eric Pace (February 11, 2000). "Ion Gheorghe Maurer, 97, Romanian Premier From 1961 to 1974". The New York Times. p. B 9. Retrieved December 21, 2018.
  28. ^ Freeman, Mike (February 9, 2000). "PRO FOOTBALL; Chiefs' Thomas Dies Unexpectedly During Hospital Stay". The New York Times. Retrieved June 26, 2012.
  29. ^ Евгений Николаевич Андреев [Yevgeni Nikolayevich Andreyev]. warheroes.ru (in Russian). Retrieved July 15, 2021.
  30. ^ Finder, Chuck (February 11, 2000). "Obituary: Steve Furness: Backup lineman for Steel Curtain during '70s". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved December 21, 2018.
  31. ^ Richard Goldstein (February 12, 2000). "Beau Jack, 78, Lightweight Boxing Champion in the 1940's". The New York Times. p. B 8. Retrieved June 26, 2012.
  32. ^ Braxton, Greg (February 12, 2000). "George Jackson; Urban Film, TV Producer". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved November 28, 2020.
  33. ^ "Gene Lambert". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved December 30, 2018.
  34. ^ Rainey, Chris. "Blas Monaco". Society for American Baseball Research. Retrieved December 30, 2018.
  35. ^ Eric Pace (February 18, 2000). "Ji Pengfei, 91; Helped China Open Links to West". The New York Times. p. C 21. Retrieved December 21, 2018.
  36. ^ "Jim Varney, 50, Who Turned 'Ernest' Character Into a Career". The New York Times. February 11, 2000. Retrieved June 26, 2012.
  37. ^ Douglas Martin (February 17, 2000). "Jacqueline Auriol, Top French Test Pilot, 82". The New York Times. p. C 25. Retrieved December 16, 2018.
  38. ^ Pareles, Jon (February 14, 2000). "Lord Kitchener, 77, Calypso Songwriter Who Mixed Party Tunes With Deeper Messages". The New York Times. Retrieved December 21, 2018.
  39. ^ Eric Nagourney (February 17, 2000). "Martin Orne, 72, Psychiatrist And Expert on Hypnosis, Dies". The New York Times. p. C 25. Retrieved November 28, 2020.
  40. ^ Riding, Alan (February 12, 2000). "Roger Vadim, 72, Director Who Propelled Bardot, Dies". The New York Times. Retrieved June 26, 2012.
  41. ^ Oliver, Myrna (February 22, 2000). "Newt Arnold; Award-Winning Filmmaker". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 21, 2018.
  42. ^ William H. Honan (March 4, 2000). "Dominic Bruce, 84, Briton Who Tried to Escape Nazis 17 Times". The New York Times. p. B 7. Retrieved November 28, 2020.
  43. ^ Jon Pareles (February 14, 2000). "Screamin' Jay Hawkins, 70, Rock's Wild Man". The New York Times. p. B 10. Retrieved June 26, 2012.
  44. ^ Thomas George (February 14, 2000). "Tom Landry, 75, Dies; Innovative Coach of Cowboys". The New York Times. p. B 10. Retrieved June 26, 2012.
  45. ^ "William Swofford; Had 2 Hit Songs as 'Oliver'". Los Angeles Times. February 18, 2000. Retrieved December 16, 2018.
  46. ^ Sarah Boxer (February 14, 2000). "Charles M. Schulz, 'Peanuts' Creator, Dies at 77". The New York Times. p. A 1. Retrieved December 21, 2018.
  47. ^ Nick Ravo (February 29, 2000). "John Blassingame, 59, Historian; Led Yale Black Studies Program". The New York Times. p. B 9. Retrieved November 28, 2020.
  48. ^ O'Sullivan, Kevin (February 14, 2000). "F.X. Martin, noted Wood Quay activist, dies". The Irish Times. Retrieved December 21, 2018.
  49. ^ Wolfgang Saxon (February 25, 2000). "Walter H. Zinn, 93, Physicist Who Helped Create Atom Bomb". The New York Times. p. B 8. Retrieved December 16, 2018.
  50. ^ Forr, James. "Bob Ramazzotti". Society for American Baseball Research. Retrieved December 30, 2018.
  51. ^ "Soup Campbell". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved December 30, 2018.
  52. ^ Walker, Brent E. (2013). Mack Sennett's Fun Factory: A History and Filmography of His Studio and His Keystone and Mack Sennett Comedies, with Biographies of Players and Personnel. McFarland. p. 498. ISBN 9780786477111. Retrieved December 16, 2018.
  53. ^ Lawrence Van Gelder (April 20, 2000). "Lila Kedrova, Known for Oscar-Winning Role in 'Zorba,' Dies". The New York Times. p. B 11. Retrieved December 16, 2018.
  54. ^ Clifton Brown (February 18, 2000). "Karsten Solheim, 88, Is Dead; Creator of the Ping Golf Club". The New York Times. p. C 21. Retrieved December 16, 2018.
  55. ^ "Turkey Tyson". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved December 30, 2018.
  56. ^ Mel Gussow (February 19, 2000). "Miles White, 85, Broadway Costume Designer". The New York Times. p. A 13. Retrieved November 28, 2020.
  57. ^ Wolf, Gregory H. "Lefty Hoerst". Society for American Baseball Research. Retrieved December 30, 2018.
  58. ^ Nelson, Soraya Sarhaddi (February 25, 2000). "Iranian Community Mourns an Idol". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 28, 2018.
  59. ^ "Friedensreich Hundertwasser, Austrian Artist and Architect, 71". The New York Times. February 23, 2000. p. C 26. Retrieved December 21, 2018.
  60. ^ Brazil, Eric (February 20, 2000). "Maddy: Man to get stuff done in Senate". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved December 21, 2018.
  61. ^ Celestine Bohlen (February 21, 2000). "A.A. Sobchak Dead at 62; Mentor to Putin". The New York Times. p. A 17. Retrieved August 2, 2021.
  62. ^ Celestine Bohlen (February 21, 2000). "A.A. Sobchak Dead at 62; Mentor to Putin". The New York Times. p. A 17. Retrieved December 17, 2018.
  63. ^ Bruce Weber (March 9, 2000). "Noel Annan, 83, Versatile Englishman, Dies". The New York Times. p. B 15. Retrieved December 21, 2018.
  64. ^ Eric Pace (February 22, 2000). "Clifton Daniel, a Managing Editor Who Set a Writerly, Courtly Tone In Shaping The Times, Dies at 87". The New York Times. p. A 21. Retrieved November 28, 2020.
  65. ^ Nick Ravo (February 25, 2000). "K. D. Nichols, 92, Leader in Early Atomic Age". The New York Times. p. B 8. Retrieved November 28, 2020.
  66. ^ Douglas Martin (March 6, 2000). "Ernest Lough, Choirboy Whose Voice Endured on Famous Recording, Dies at 88". The New York Times. p. A 21. Retrieved November 28, 2020.
  67. ^ Jon Pareles (February 24, 2000). "Ofra Haza, 41, Israeli Pop Singer Who Crossed Cultural Bounds". The New York Times. p. B 11. Retrieved December 25, 2018.
  68. ^ Richard Goldstein (February 24, 2000). "Stanley Matthews, 85, Knight and Soccer Star". The New York Times. p. B 11. Retrieved December 25, 2018.
  69. ^ "Joseph V. Perry; Played Mobsters on TV". Los Angeles Times. March 1, 2000. Retrieved December 21, 2018.
  70. ^ "Culley Rikard". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved December 30, 2018.
  71. ^ Goldstein, Richard (March 5, 2000). "George L. Street, 86, Commander of the Submarine Tirante in World War II". The New York Times. Retrieved December 17, 2018.
  72. ^ "George Duning, 92, Composer for Films". The New York Times. March 2, 2000. p. C 25. Retrieved November 28, 2020.
  73. ^ Neil MacFarquhar (March 1, 2000). "Harold M. Mulvey, 86, Judge At Tense Black Panther Trials". The New York Times. p. C 30. Retrieved November 28, 2020.
  74. ^ Eric Pace (March 1, 2000). "Aubrey E. Robinson Jr., 77, Judge in Jonathan Pollard Spy Case". The New York Times. p. C 30. Retrieved November 28, 2020.
  75. ^ Joel Greenberg (March 3, 2000). "Kariel Gardosh, 79, Who Created Israeli Icon". The New York Times. p. A 19. Retrieved November 28, 2020.
  76. ^ Nick Ravo (February 29, 2000). "John N. Irwin II, 86, Diplomat And Ex-Aide to MacArthur". New York Times. Retrieved November 21, 2019.
  77. ^ Janet Reed Ballerina of classical skill enhanced by a gift for comedy
  78. ^ "Dennis Danell, 38, Noted Punk Guitarist". The New York Times. March 3, 2000. p. A 19. Retrieved December 21, 2018.
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