Democratic Republican Party (South Korea)
Democratic Republican Party 민주공화당 Minju Gonghwadang | |
---|---|
Leader | Park Chung-hee |
Founded | 2 February 1963 |
Dissolved | 17 October 1980 |
Split from | Liberal Party |
Succeeded by | Democratic Justice Party |
Headquarters | Seoul |
Ideology | National conservatism[1] Right-wing populism[1][2] Korean nationalism Anti-communism Authoritarianism[3] State capitalism Pro-October Yushin Corporatism[4] |
Political position | Far-right[5][6] |
Colours | Brown and blue |
Democratic Republican Party | |
Hangul | 민주공화당 |
---|---|
Hanja | |
Revised Romanization | Minju Gonghwadang |
McCune–Reischauer | Minju Konghwatang |
DRP | |
Hangul | 공화당 |
Hanja | |
Revised Romanization | Gonghwadang |
McCune–Reischauer | Konghwatang |
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Conservatism in South Korea |
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The Democratic Republican Party (DRP) was a conservative, broadly corporatist[4] and nationalist[1] political party in South Korea, ruling from shortly after its formation on February 2, 1963[7] to its dissolution under Chun Doo-hwan in 1980.
History[]
Under the control of Park Chung Hee, President of South Korea from his military coup d'état of 1961 until his assassination in 1979, the party oversaw a period of accelerated, state-directed industrialization and socio-economic modernization known as the "Miracle of the Han River", where a predominantly poor and agrarian country was transformed into an industrial "tiger economy". The combination of state and corporate chaebol power pioneered by the party[8] continues to be deeply built into the foundations of the South Korean economic system.
Following the promulgation in October 1972 of the Yushin Constitution, which implemented numerous authoritarian centralizing measures such as the direct appointment of a third of the National Assembly by the President, the DRP assumed an unprecedented level of political power. For the next eight years, South Korea was essentially a one-party state ruled by the DRP.
After Park's assassination on 26 October 1979 and the seizure of power by Chun Doo-hwan in the coup d'état of December Twelfth, the DRP was dissolved on 1 September 1980, and nominally superseded by the Korean National Party. However, leadership of the state was assumed by the Democratic Justice Party, formed in January 1981, which may be seen as a spiritual successor of the DRP in terms of its constitutional vision and mimicking of Park's leadership style. Through this evolution, the Grand National Party may be seen as the modern heir of the DRP, though the policies advocated by Korean conservatives have changed significantly since South Korea's democratization in the late 1980s and 1990s.
Election results[]
Presidential elections[]
Election | Candidate | Total votes | Share of votes | Outcome | Image | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1963 | Park Chung-hee | 4,702,640 | 46.6% | Elected | ||
1967 | Park Chung-hee | 5,688,666 | 51.4% | Elected | ||
1971 | Park Chung-hee | 6,342,828 | 53.2% | Elected | ||
1972 | Park Chung-hee | 2,357 (electoral vote) | 100.0% | Elected | ||
1978 | Park Chung-hee | 2,578 (electoral vote) | 100.0% | Elected |
Legislative elections[]
Election | Total seats won | Total votes | Share of votes | Outcome of election | Election leader |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1963 | 110 / 175
|
3,112,985 | 33.5% | 110 seats; Majority | Park Chung-hee |
1967 | 129 / 175
|
5,494,922 | 50.6% | 19 seats; Majority | Park Chung-hee |
1971 | 113 / 204
|
5,460,581 | 48.8% | 16 seats; Majority | Park Chung-hee |
1973 | 146 / 219
|
4,251,754 | 38.7% | 40 seats; Majority | Park Chung-hee |
1978 | 145 / 231
|
4,695,995 | 31.7% | 2 seats; Majority | Park Chung-hee |
References[]
- ^ a b c Kohli, A. (2004). State-Directed Development: Political Power and Industrialization in the Global Periphery. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 92.
- ^ 커뮤니케이션 관점으로 본 포퓰리즘의 등장과 대의 민주주의 위기
- ^ Kwak, Ki-Sung (2012), Media and Democratic Transition in South Korea, Routledge, p. 31
- ^ a b Kim, B. K. & Vogel, E. F. (eds.) (2011). The Park Chung Hee Era: The Transformation of South Korea. Harvard University Press. p. 125.
- ^ 서중석 (2005). 이 승만 의 정치 이데올로기. ISBN 9788976968029.
- ^ "韓國과國際政治". 1995.
- ^ Youngmi Kim, The Politics of Coalition in Korea (Taylor & Francis, 2011) p22
- ^ Kohli, p. 27.
- Defunct political parties in South Korea
- Fourth Republic of Korea
- Conservative parties in South Korea
- Far-right politics in South Korea
- National conservative parties
- Political parties established in 1963
- Political parties disestablished in 1980
- Right-wing populism in South Korea
- Right-wing populist parties
- Liberty Korea Party
- Park Chung-hee