People Power Party (South Korea)

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People Power Party
국민의힘
AbbreviationPPP
LeaderLee Jun-seok
Floor LeaderKim Gi-hyeon
Secretary-GeneralCheong Yang-seog
Chair of the
Policy Planning Committee		Lee Jong-bae
Founded17 February 2020 (as the United Future Party)
2 September 2020 (as the People Power Party)
Merger ofLiberty Korea Party
New Conservative Party
Onward for Future 4.0
Future Korea Party
and other minor parties and political organizations
Preceded byLiberty Korea Party
New Conservative Party
Headquarters12, Gukhoe-Daero 74 Street, Yeoido-dong, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul, Korea
Think tankYeouido Institute
Student wingPPP Central College Committee
Youth wingYouth People Power Party
Women's wingPPP Central Women's Committee
Membership (2020)3,475,372[1]
IdeologyConservatism[2][3][4][5]
Social conservatism[6][7][8]
Economic liberalism[9][10]
Anti-communism[11][12]
Political positionRight-wing[13][14][15][16][17]
Regional affiliationAsia Pacific Democrat Union
International affiliationInternational Democrat Union
Colours  Red (main)
  Blue
  White
Seats in the National Assembly
103 / 300
Metropolitan Mayors and Governors
5 / 17
Municipal Mayors
56 / 226
Seats within local government
1,027 / 2,927
Website
www.peoplepowerparty.kr
People Power Party
Hangul
Hanja
Revised RomanizationGugminuihim
McCune–ReischauerKugminŭihim
United Future Party
Hangul
Hanja
Revised RomanizationMiraetonghapdang
McCune–ReischauerMiraet'onghaptang

The People Power Party (Korean: 국민의힘; Hanja: 國民의힘; RR: Gugminuihim; lit. Power of Nationals), formerly known as the United Future Party (Korean: 미래통합당; Hanja: 未來統合黨; RR: Miraetonghapdang; lit. Future United Party) is a conservative political party in South Korea.

The party was formed on 17 February 2020 by the merger of the Liberty Korea Party, New Conservative Party, and Onward for Future 4.0, as well as several minor parties and political organizations.[18] Following the 2020 legislative election, it became the 2nd largest party in the National Assembly, with 103 MPs.[19] The People Power Party is one of two major political parties in South Korea, along with its rival, the liberal Democratic Party.

History[]

Background[]

Original logo of the United Future Party

Due to the political scandal in 2016, President Park Geun-hye was impeached, and several MPs quit the then-ruling Saenuri Party to form the Bareun Party.[20] The Saenuri Party changed its name to the Liberty Korea Party (LKP),[21] but following the final impeachment of Park on 10 March 2017, it de jure lost its ruling party position.[22] After the Democratic presidential candidate Moon Jae-in was elected on 9 May,[23] the LKP officially became the main opposition.

Although several Bareun MPs returned to the LKP, the LKP did not recover its support, losing ground in the 2018 local elections.[24] Its president, Hong Jun-pyo, immediately resigned to take responsibility for the serious defeat.[24] The Bareun Party, which had merged with the smaller centrist People's Party to form the Bareunmirae Party, also faced a defeat in the local elections.[25]

The two conservative parties held snap leadership elections. On 2 September 2018, the Bareunmirae Party elected Sohn Hak-kyu as its new president.[26] On 27 February 2019, the Liberty Korea Party elected former Prime Minister Hwang Kyo-ahn as its new leader.[27] Lee Un-ju, a Bareunmirae MP, quit her party[28] and was widely expected to join the LKP[29] but formed a new party named Onward for Future 4.0.[30] With the exit of the Bareunmirae Party's President Sohn, other former Bareun MPs faced conflicts and founded the New Conservative Party.[31] As a "conservative union", the Liberty Korea Party, Onward for Future 4.0, and the New Conservative Party agreed to merge and establish a new party.[32]

The new party's name was initially set as the Grand Unified New Party (Korean: 대통합신당),[33] but soon changed to United Future Party (Korean: 미래통합당).[34] Park Hyung-joon, who led the merger and re-foundation, explained that the name shows support for youths and political solidarity.[35]

Founding congress[]

Following the merger and re-foundation of the 3 conservative parties into the United Future Party (UFP) on 17 February 2020,[18] it elected the Liberty Korea Party's President Hwang Kyo-ahn as the new president.[36] Though much of the UFP's leadership resembles that of the LKP, Vice-presidents Won Hee-ryong and Kim Yŏng-hwan are not from the LKP.[36]

The President of the Republic of Korea Moon Jae-in and the Democratic Party Leader Lee Hae-chan congratulated the new party's founding, but the move was not welcomed by other members.[37] Some sources reported that the party is planning to file a lawsuit against Moon.[38][39][40]

Yoo Seong-min, the former Bareunmirae president, did not attend the founding congress.[41] , who is in support of Park Geun-hye, exited the LKP before the formation of the new party.[42]

2020–2021[]

The party contested as an alliance with its sister satellite party, the Future Korea Party (FKP), in the 2020 elections. However, some UFP candidates provoked controversies for defamatory remarks, such as Cha Myong-jin and .[43]

The party was defeated in the election with some of the worst results historically for a conservative party in South Korea. The UFP won 103 out of 300 seats in the National Assembly, slightly over one-third of the seats.[44] The party lost several key figures, including Oh Se-hoon, Na Kyung-won, Shim Jae-chul, and Kim Jin-tae.[45][46] Party Leader Hwang Kyo-ahn, who contested for Jongno, was defeated by former Prime Minister Lee Nak-yeon.[47] Hwang announced that he would stand down as the party president.[48][49]

Following Hwang's resignation, it was reported that the party would temporarily establish the Emergency Planning Committee, led by Kim Chong-in.[50] Several members, such as , disagreed with the establishment of the committee.[51] Hong Jun-pyo, who showed an intention to return to the UFP, also opposed the proposal[52] and revealed Kim's past corruption allegations.[53]

On 8 May, Joo Ho-young was elected the UFP's Floor Leader, automatically becoming the party's interim Leader.[54][55] On 22 May, the party held an election to nominate Kim Chong-in as the interim President until the next by-elections on 7 April 2021,[56] which he accepted.[57][58] The same day, the FKP announced its merger by 29 May.[56] On 28 May, both the UFP and FKP officially declared their merger as the unified UFP.[19]

On 13 August, had revealed an opinion poll showing that the party has gained more supporters than the ruling Democratic Party (UFP: 36.5%–DP: 33.4%).[59] This was the first time that a conservative party gained more support than a liberal party since the political scandal of former President Park Geun-hye in October 2016.[59]

On 31 August, the party decided to change its name to the People Power (Korean: 국민의힘; the "Party" was added later[60]).[61][62][63] The party requested that the name be changed to the National Election Commission.[62] It has been argued that the new proposed name was similar to the minor centrist People Party of Ahn Cheol-soo.[62][63] There are speculations that the party is willing to form an electoral alliance with the minor opposition party in the 2021 by-elections.[62][63] , an MP of the Democratic Party, criticised the name for being too similar to a civic organisation established in 2003, where he used to serve as its first co-president.[64][65]

On 2 September, the party officially changed its name to the People Power Party, its current name.[66][67][64][65] The PPP declared that it would be a centrist and pragmatic party.[65] On 14 September, the party revealed its logo and its 3 colours—red, yellow, and blue,[68] based on its temporary decisions.[69] These colours were officially confirmed on 23 September, although yellow was replaced with white.[70]

On 17 September, , the MP for Gangneung, officially returned to the PPP, leading the party to have 104 seats.[71] He left the party before the 2020 elections, where he ran as an independent candidate.[71] The PPP's total seats were reverted to 103 after , the MP for Boeun-Okcheon-Yeongdong-Goesan, quit the party on 23 September following corruption allegations.[72] He denied all allegations related to him and his family.[72]

On 22 December, , the MP for Suyeong, quit the party following corruption allegations against himself and his father.[73]

On 7 January 2021, , the MP for Pohang South-Ulleung, withdrew from the PPP due to a controversy related to sexual harassment.[74] The same day, Kim Tae-ho, the former Governor of South Gyeongsang and the incumbent MP for Sancheong-Hamyang-Geochang-Hapcheon, officially rejoined the party.[75]

2021 by-elections[]

Before the 2021 by-elections, the party elected the former Mayor of Seoul Oh Se-hoon as its Seoul mayoral candidate, as well as the former MP for Suyeong, Park Hyung-joon as its Busan mayoral candidate on 4 March 2021.[76][77]

In the by-elections on 7 April, the party achieved an outright victory despite the government's low popularity, where both Oh and Park were elected by a large margin.[78] Oh Se-hoon, who formerly stepped down as the Mayor of Seoul in 2011, defeated the Democratic candidate Park Young-sun and successfully came back to the position.[78] Park Hyung-joon also defeated the Democratic candidate Kim Young-choon and was elected the Mayor of Busan, despite his several controversies, such as Haeundae LCT The Sharp.[78] The same day, the MP for Gimcheon , faced public backlashes after it was reported that he was swearing and assaulting office workers.[79][80][81] He quit the party on 14 April.[82]

Since 2021[]

Yoon Seok-youl leaving the PPP headquarter shortly after he joined the party on 30 July 2021.

On 8 April 2021, Joo Ho-young returned as the interim President of the party.[83] He announced his intention to resign as the parliamentary leader on 16 April, adding that he would not serve until his term finishes on 29 May, but instead, until a new person is elected.[84][85] The same day, the party declared that they will continue the processes to merge the minor People Party.[84][85]

On 30 April, the former Mayor of Ulsan Kim Gi-hyeon was elected the new parliamentary leader of the party, defeating , , and Yu Eui-dong.[86] He served as the acting party President until the leadership election[86] that was held on 11 June.[87][88]

On 21 May, Kim Byong-wook, who quit the party in January following a sexual harassment controversy, officially returned to the PPP.[89][90]

On 11 June, Lee Jun-seok was elected the new President of the party, defeating Na Kyung-won and others.[91][92]

On 24 June, the party approved an independent MP Hong Jun-pyo's bid to rejoin.[93][94] Among the 4 independent MPs who had quit the party before the 2020 elections, became the sole MP who has not returned to the party yet.[93][94]

On 15 July, Choi Jae-hyung, one of the potential candidate for the 2022 presidential election, officially joined the party.[95][96]

On 30 July, the former Prosecutor General Yoon Seok-youl, who is also the most favourable candidate for the 2020 presidential election, officially joined the party.[97][98][99]

Political positions[]

Social policies[]

The PPP has a moderate socially conservative tendency and advocates sound budgeting, quality education, public safety, jobs, economic growth, traditional family values, and national patriotism.[100] Most PPP politicians oppose LGBT rights.[101] Oh Se-hoon and other politicians, known as moderate conservatives,[102] are also opposed to homosexuality.[6] The party is strongly opposed to the comprehensive anti-discrimination law, which includes sexual minorities, saying it reverse discriminates against women.[103]

Some media outlets criticized PPP's negative attitude toward feminism.[104][105]

Leadership[]

Leaders[]

  • Note: ERC – as head of Emergency Response Committee
No. Name Photo Term of office Election results
Took office Left office
1 Hwang Kyo-ahn
(resigned)
Hwang Kyo-ahn December 2016.jpg
 17 February 2020 15 April 2020 No election
— Shim Jae-chul
(acting)
심재철 원내대표.jpg
 16 April 2020 8 May 2020 Succeeded
— Joo Ho-young
(acting)
주호영.jpg
 8 May 2020 22 May 2020 Succeeded
— Kim Chong-in
(ERC)
Kim Jong-in in Aeranwon (cropped).jpg
 22 May 2020 8 April 2021 Appointed
— Joo Ho-young
(acting)
주호영.jpg
 8 April 2021 30 April 2021 Succeeded
— Kim Gi-hyeon
(acting)
김기현 전 울산시장.jpg
 30 April 2021 11 June 2021 Succeeded
2 Lee Jun-seok
Lee Jun-seok, Leader of the People's Power, attended a campaign hosted by chungnam Province Chapter at the Sinbu Cultural Park in Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do on July 2, 2021 (3).jpg
 11 June 2021 Incumbent 2021

Floor Leaders[]

No. Name Photo Term of office
Took office Left office
1 Shim Jae-chul
(resigned)
심재철 원내대표.jpg
 17 February 2020 8 May 2020
2 Joo Ho-young
주호영.jpg
 8 May 2020 30 April 2021
3 Kim Gi-hyeon
김기현 전 울산시장.jpg
 30 April 2021 Incumbent

Secretary-General[]

No. Name Photo Term of office
Took office Left office
1 Park Wan-soo 17 February 2020 28 May 2020
2 Kim Seon-dong 28 May 2020 14 October 2020
3 Cheong Yang-seog
정양석의원.png
 19 October 2020 Incumbent

Election results[]

General elections[]

Election Total seats won Total votes Share of votes Outcome of election Status Election leader
2020
103 / 300
 9,441,520 33.8% Decrease 19 seats; Minority Opposition Hwang Kyo-ahn

By-elections[]

Election Metropolitan mayor/Governor Municipal mayor Provincial legislecture Municipal legislature Election leader
2021
2 / 2
2 / 2
5 / 8
6 / 9
 Kim Chong-in

Notes[]

References[]

  1. ^ 國民力量, 国民の力 or other variants are translated names in Chinese and Japanese.
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