Demographics of Bangladesh
| Demographics of Bangladesh | |
|---|---|
 Bangladesh population pyramid in 2020 | |
| Population | 161,376,708 (2018 est.)[1][2] |
| Growth rate | 1.01% (2020 est.)[3] |
| Birth rate | 17.71 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)[3] |
| Death rate | 5.54 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)[3] |
| Life expectancy | 72.72 years (2020)[3] |
| • male | 71.1 years |
| • female | 74.4 years |
| Fertility rate | 2.00 children born/woman (2020 est.)[3] |
| Infant mortality rate | 24.73 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)[3] |
| Age structure | |
| 0–14 years | 27.21% (2019 est.)[4] |
| 15–64 years | 67.61% (2019 est.)[4] |
| 65 and over | 5.18% (2019 est.)[4] |
| Sex ratio | |
| Total | 0.97 male(s)/female (2017 est.)[5] |
| At birth | 104 male(s)/ 100 female (2021) [6] |
| Under 15 | 103 male(s)/ 100 female (2021) [6] |
| 65 and over | 97 male(s)/ 100 female (2021) [6] |
| Nationality | |
| Nationality | Bangladeshi |
| Major ethnic | Bengali |
| Minor ethnic | Chakma, Tripuri, Marma, Mundas, Garos (Achiks), Oraons, Santhals, Mro, Manipuri, Zomi, Bihari |
| Language | |
| Official | Bengali |
| Spoken | Bengali, Chittagonian language, Sylheti,and so on |
| Part of a series on |
| Bengalis |
|---|
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Bangladesh is the eighth-most populated country in the world with almost 2.2% of the world's population. The population is estimated by the 2019 revision of the World Population Prospects[1][2] to have stood at 161,376,708 in 2018.
Bangladesh (previously East Pakistan between 1947 and 1971 and East Bengal before 1947) is largely ethnically homogeneous, and its name derives from the Bengali ethno-linguistic group which comprises 98% of the population. The Chittagong Hill Tracts, Sylhet, Mymensingh, Barisal and North Bengal regions are home to diverse tribal peoples. There are many dialects of Bengali spoken throughout the region. The dialect spoken by those in Chittagong and Sylhet are particularly distinctive. About (90.4%) of Bangladeshis are Muslims, followed by Hindus (largest-minority) at (8.5%), Buddhists (0.6%) and Christians (0.4%) and others (0.1%) as per 2011 census.
Bangladesh has one of the highest population densities in the world. The total fertility rate (TFR) has been reduced by more than two thirds since Independence. The current TFR in Bangladesh is 2.1, globally considered to be a benchmark for replacement level fertility.
At this TFR, and without migration, Bangladesh's population is expected to soon reach a stage where it neither grows nor shrinks, once the top of its age pyramid fills in.[7]
Population[]
The 2020 total population was 168,827,626 which makes Bangladesh the eighth-most populous country in the world.
Census[]
The latest decennial census was conducted by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics in 2011.[8]
| Census date | census population (Million) |
adjusted population (Million) |
|---|---|---|
| 1801 | 14.5 | |
| 1851 | 20.3 | |
| 1901 | 28.928 | |
| 1911 | 31.555 | |
| 1921 | 33.255 | |
| 1931 | 35.602 | |
| 1941 | 41.997 | |
| 1951 | 41.932 | |
| 1961 | 50.840 | |
| 1974 | 71.479 | 76.398 |
| 1981 | 87.120 | 89.912 |
| 1991 | 106.313 | 111.455 |
| 2001 | 124.355 | 130.523 |
| 15 Mar 2011 | 142.319 | 152.518 |
p=provisional figure
UN estimates[10][]
| Total population (Million) | Population aged 0–14 (%) | Population aged 15–64 (%) | Population aged 65+ (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 37.895 | 41.2 | 54.8 | 3.9 |
| 1955 | 43.444 | 42.4 | 54.1 | 3.5 |
| 1960 | 50.102 | 43.6 | 53.1 | 3.3 |
| 1965 | 57.792 | 44.7 | 52.0 | 3.3 |
| 1970 | 66.881 | 44.7 | 51.8 | 3.4 |
| 1975 | 70.582 | 45.8 | 50.7 | 3.5 |
| 1980 | 80.624 | 45.0 | 51.4 | 3.6 |
| 1985 | 92.284 | 43.9 | 52.5 | 3.6 |
| 1990 | 105.256 | 42.5 | 53.8 | 3.7 |
| 1995 | 117.487 | 40.3 | 55.9 | 3.8 |
| 2000 | 127.658 | 37.0 | 59.2 | 3.9 |
| 2005 | 139.036 | 34.4 | 61.3 | 4.3 |
| 2010 | 147.575 | 32.0 | 63.2 | 4.8 |
| 2015 | 156.256 | 29.3 | 65.6 | 5.1 |
| 2020 | 164.689 | 26.8 | 68.0 | 5.2 |
Structure of the population[]
Structure of the population (15 March 2011) (Census) :
| Age Group | Male | Female | Total | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 72 109 796 | 71 933 901 | 144 043 697 | 100 |
| 0-4 | 7 638 523 | 7 423 447 | 15 061 970 | 10.46 |
| 5-9 | 9 322 514 | 8 850 715 | 18 173 229 | 12.62 |
| 10-14 | 8 614 889 | 8 031 726 | 16 646 615 | 11.56 |
| 15-19 | 6 509 492 | 6 352 398 | 12 861 890 | 8.93 |
| 20-24 | 5 777 370 | 7 522 419 | 13 299 789 | 9.23 |
| 25-29 | 6 225 252 | 7 254 256 | 13 479 508 | 9.36 |
| 30-34 | 5 079 106 | 5 420 659 | 10 499 765 | 7.29 |
| 35-39 | 4 697 349 | 4 859 079 | 9 556 428 | 6.63 |
| 40-44 | 4 280 923 | 3 980 739 | 8 261 662 | 5.74 |
| 45-49 | 3 363 273 | 3 016 800 | 6 380 073 | 4.43 |
| 50-54 | 2 952 596 | 2 599 675 | 5 552 271 | 3.85 |
| 55-59 | 1 923 534 | 1 577 463 | 3 500 997 | 2.43 |
| 60-64 | 2 081 306 | 1 852 708 | 3 934 014 | 2.73 |
| 65-69 | 1 149 569 | 963 921 | 2 113 490 | 1.47 |
| 70-74 | 1 206 398 | 1 025 314 | 2 231 712 | 1.55 |
| 75-79 | 488 338 | 386 389 | 874 727 | 0.61 |
| 80-84 | 443 239 | 436 840 | 880 079 | 0.61 |
| 85-89 | 138 268 | 124 343 | 262 611 | 0.18 |
| 90-94 | 116 916 | 133 273 | 250 189 | 0.17 |
| 95+ | 100 941 | 121 737 | 222 678 | 0.15 |
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0-14 | 25 575 926 | 24 305 888 | 49 881 814 | 34,63 |
| 15-64 | 42 890 201 | 44 436 196 | 87 326 397 | 60,62 |
| 65+ | 3 643 669 | 3 191 817 | 6 835 486 | 4,75 |
Structure of the population (DHS 2014) Male: 37 672, Female: 39 641, Total: 77 313 :
| Age Group | Male | Female | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0-4 | 11.0 | 9.6 | 10.3 |
| 5-9 | 11.8 | 10.7 | 11.2 |
| 10-14 | 12.3 | 11.5 | 11.9 |
| 15-19 | 9.4 | 11.5 | 10.5 |
| 20-24 | 6.7 | 9.8 | 8.3 |
| 25-29 | 7.6 | 9.1 | 8.3 |
| 30-34 | 6.7 | 7.9 | 7.3 |
| 35-39 | 6.3 | 6.0 | 6.2 |
| 40-44 | 5.7 | 5.4 | 5.6 |
| 45-49 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 |
| 50-54 | 4.5 | 3.1 | 3.8 |
| 55-59 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 3.5 |
| 60-64 | 3.4 | 2.6 | 3.0 |
| 65-69 | 2.4 | 1.6 | 2.0 |
| 70-74 | 1.9 | 1.2 | 1.5 |
| 75-79 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 0.8 |
| 80+ | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.3 |
| Age group | Male | Female | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0-14 | 35.1 | 31.8 | 33.4 |
| 15-64 | 58.3 | 63.7 | 61.0 |
| 65+ | 6.6 | 4.5 | 5.6 |
Other sources[]
The following table lists various recent estimates of the population.
| Source | Year | Population (millions) |
| US State Dept[13] | 2005 | 144 |
| Population Reference Bureau[14] | 2005 | 144 |
| World Bank[15] | 2008 | 160 |
| CIA World FactBook[16] | 2021 | 164 |
| World Population Reference[17] | 2010 | 164 |
According to the OECD/World Bank population in Bangladesh increased from 1990 to 2008 with 44 million and 38% growth in population compared to 34% growth in India and 54% growth in Pakistan. The annual population growth 2007-2008 was 1.4% compared to India 1.35%, Pakistan 2.2%, Dem. Rep. of Congo 2.9%, Tanzania 2.9%, Syria 3.5% or Yemen 4.0%. According to the OECD/World Bank population statistics between 1990 and 2008 the world population growth was 27% and 1,423 million persons.[18]
Population growth rate[]
Bangladesh had high rates of population growth in the 1960s and 1970s. Since then however it has seen significant reduction in its total fertility rate. Over a period of three decades it dropped from almost 7 to 2.4 in 2005–2010.[10]
Gender ratio[]
| Age range (years) | Sex ratio (males/females) (2015 est.)[19] |
|---|---|
| at birth | 1.04 |
| 0–14 | 1.03 |
| 15–24 | 0.89 |
| 25–54 | 0.90 |
| 55–64 | 1.01 |
| 65 and over | 0.97 |
| total population | 0.95 |
Urban and rural[]
The sprawling mega-city of Dhaka has a huge population, but the majority of the people nonetheless still live in villages in rural areas.
- Urban population: 37.4% of total population (2019 est.)
- Rate of urbanization: 3.13% annual rate of change (2019 est.)
- Bangladesh is considered an urban country based on their population density (hrsa.gov)
Population Density[]
Based on United Nations Data 2020 figures for population (164,689,383) and land area (130,170 km2), Bangladesh has the highest population density among large countries, 1265 persons per square kilometre, and 10th overall, when small countries and city-states are included.[20]
Vital statistics[]
Births and deaths[10][]
| Period | Live births per year | Deaths per year | Natural change per year | CBR1 | CDR1 | NC1 | TFR1 | IMR1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950-1955 | 1 963 000 | 852 000 | 1 111 000 | 48.3 | 20.9 | 27.4 | 6.36 | 165.0 |
| 1955-1960 | 2 252 000 | 921 000 | 1 332 000 | 48.2 | 19.7 | 28.5 | 6.62 | 156.5 |
| 1960-1965 | 2 560 000 | 994 000 | 1 566 000 | 47.5 | 18.4 | 29.1 | 6.80 | 151.2 |
| 1965-1970 | 2 950 000 | 1 090 000 | 1 860 000 | 47.3 | 17.5 | 29.8 | 6.92 | 144.4 |
| 1970-1975 | 3 193 000 | 1 847 000 | 1 346 000 | 46.5 | 26.9 | 19.6 | 6.91 | 175.6 |
| 1975-1980 | 3 381 000 | 1 165 000 | 2 229 000 | 44.7 | 15.2 | 29.5 | 6.63 | 138.3 |
| 1980-1985 | 3 670 000 | 1 181 000 | 2 519 000 | 42.4 | 13.3 | 29.1 | 5.98 | 122.5 |
| 1985-1990 | 3 773 000 | 1 131 000 | 2 652 000 | 38.1 | 11.3 | 26.8 | 4.98 | 104.4 |
| 1990-1995 | 3 711 000 | 1 047 000 | 2 653 000 | 33.3 | 9.5 | 23.8 | 4.06 | 90.6 |
| 1995-2000 | 3 669 000 | 942 000 | 2 612 000 | 29.3 | 7.5 | 21.8 | 3.43 | 73.8 |
| 2000-2005 | 3 575 000 | 896 000 | 2 498 000 | 26.0 | 6.5 | 19.5 | 2.94 | 59.3 |
| 2005-2010 | 3 327 000 | 869 000 | 2 202 000 | 22.5 | 5.9 | 16.6 | 2.48 | 49.0 |
| 2010-2015 | 20.2 | 5.4 | 14.8 | 2.22 | ||||
| 2015-2020 | 18.5 | 5.3 | 13.2 | 2.07 | ||||
| 2020-2025 | 16.8 | 5.3 | 11.5 | 1.94 | ||||
| 2025-2030 | 15.1 | 5.4 | 9.7 | 1.84 | ||||
| 2030-2035 | 13.7 | 5.8 | 7.9 | 1.76 | ||||
| 2035-2040 | 12.6 | 6.2 | 6.4 | 1.70 | ||||
| 1 CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births | ||||||||
Sample Vital Registration System[]
| Year | Population | Live births | Deaths | Natural change | Crude birth rate (per 1000): National (Urban/Rural) | Crude death rate (per 1000): National (Urban/Rural) | Natural change (per 1000): National (Urban/Rural) | Fertility rates: National (Urban/Rural) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1981 | 90,400,000 | 3,098,000 | 1,038,000 | 2,060,000 | 34.6 (24.8/35.7) | 11.5 (7.2/12.2) | 23.1 (17.6/23.5) | 5.04 (3.20/5.28) |
| 1982 | 92,300,000 | 3,189,000 | 1,107,000 | 2,082,000 | 34.8 (22.9/36.9) | 12.2 (6.9/12.8) | 22.6 (16.0/24.1) | 5.21 (3.01/5.50) |
| 1983 | 94,300,000 | 3,280,000 | 1,163,000 | 2,117,000 | 35.0 (27.1/36.4) | 12.3 (7.5/13.2) | 22.7 (19.6/23.2) | 5.07 (3.45/5.36) |
| 1984 | 96,300,000 | 3,335,000 | 1,182,000 | 2,153,000 | 34.8 (25.0/36.1) | 12.3 (8.5/12.9) | 22.5 (16.5/23.2) | 4.83 (3.10/5.08) |
| 1985 | 98,400,000 | 3,392,000 | 1,183,000 | 2,209,000 | 34.6 (28.0/35.3) | 12.0 (8.3/12.9) | 22.6 (19.7/22.4) | 4.71 (3.52/4.91) |
| 1986 | 100,500,000 | 3,448,000 | 1,183,000 | 2,265,000 | 34.4 (25.9/35.4) | 12.1 (8.1/12.3) | 22.3 (17.8/23.1) | 4.70 (3.26/4.89) |
| 1987 | 102,800,000 | 3,414,000 | 1,173,000 | 2,241,000 | 33.3 (24.8/34.6) | 11.5 (7.6/11.8) | 21.8 (17.2/22.8) | 4.42 (3.05/4.64) |
| 1988 | 105,000,000 | 3,477,000 | 1,179,000 | 2,298,000 | 33.2 (24.9/34.6) | 11.3 (7.5/11.9) | 21.9 (17.4/22.7) | 4.45 (3.08/4.70) |
| 1989 | 107,400,000 | 3,531,000 | 1,196,000 | 2,335,000 | 33.0 (24.4/34.5) | 11.3 (7.3/11.9) | 21.7 (17.1/22.6) | 4.35 (2.90/4.59) |
| 1990 | 109,800,000 | 3,559,000 | 1,106,000 | 2,453,000 | 32.8 (24.6/34.3) | 11.4 (7.8/11.8) | 21.4 (16.8/22.5) | 4.33 (2.90/4.57) |
| 1991 | 112,200,000 | 3,561,000 | 1,110,000 | 2,451,000 | 31.6 (23.9/32.9) | 11.2 (7.8/11.5) | 20.4 (16.1/21.4) | 4.24 (2.89/4.51) |
| 1992 | 114,400,000 | 3,455,000 | 1,139,000 | 2,316,000 | 30.8 (23.7/32.2) | 11.0 (7.5/11.3) | 19.8 (16.2/20.9) | 4.18 (2.88/4.33) |
| 1993 | 116,500,000 | 3,350,000 | 1,100,000 | 2,250,000 | 28.8 (21.0/30.0) | 10.0 (7.2/10.4) | 18.8 (13.8/19.6) | 3.84 (2.62/4.00) |
| 1994 | 118,400,000 | 3,289,000 | 1,067,000 | 2,222,000 | 27.0 (20.2/29.1) | 9.3 (7.1/9.3) | 17.7 (13.1/19.8) | 3.58 (2.58/3.79) |
| 1995 | 120,200,000 | 3,228,000 | 1,007,000 | 2,221,000 | 26.5 (19.4/28.5) | 8.7 (6.7/9.0) | 17.8 (12.7/19.5) | 3.45 (2.50/3.78) |
| 1996 | 122,100,000 | 3,143,000 | 989,000 | 2,154,000 | 25.6 (19.0/27.8) | 8.2 (6.5/8.8) | 17.4 (12.5/19.0) | 3.41 (2.48/3.76) |
| 1997 | 123,900,000 | 2,746,000 | 719,000 | 2,027,000 | 21.0 (16.2/24.5) | 5.5 (4.2/6.5) | 15.5 (12.0/18.0) | 3.10 (2.28/3.32) |
| 1998 | 125,700,000 | 2,608,000 | 652,000 | 1,956,000 | 19.9 (14.0/21.0) | 5.1 (3.7/5.4) | 14.8 (10.3/15.6) | 2.98 (2.24/3.00) |
| 1999 | 127,500,000 | 2,542,000 | 649,000 | 1,893,000 | 19.2 (13.8/20.9) | 5.1 (3.5/5.4) | 14.1 (10.3/15.5) | 2.64 (1.76/2.91) |
| 2000 | 129,300,000 | 2,454,000 | 640,000 | 1,814,000 | 19.0 (13.7/20.8) | 4.9 (3.5/5.3) | 14.1 (10.2/15.5) | 2.59 (1.68/2.89) |
| 2001 | 131,100,000 | 2,439,000 | 638,000 | 1,801,000 | 18.9 (13.6/20.7) | 4.8 (4.3/5.2) | 14.1 (9.3/15.5) | 2.56 (1.73/2.84) |
| 2002 | 132,900,000 | 2,674,000 | 679,000 | 1,995,000 | 20.1 (16.6/21.0) | 5.1 (3.8/5.4) | 15.0 (12.8/15.6) | 2.55 (1.94/2.69) |
| 2003 | 134,800,000 | 2,814,000 | 783,000 | 2,031,000 | 20.9 (17.9/21.7) | 5.9 (4.7/6.2) | 15.0 (13.2/15.5) | 2.57 (1.91/2.70) |
| 2004 | 136,700,000 | 2,830,000 | 794,000 | 2,036,000 | 20.8 (17.8/21.6) | 5.8 (4.4/6.1) | 15.0 (13.4/15.5) | 2.51 (1.91/2.67) |
| 2005 | 138,600,000 | 2,879,000 | 823,000 | 2,056,000 | 20.7 (17.8/21.7) | 5.8 (4.9/6.1) | 14.9 (12.9/15.6) | 2.46 (1.87/2.65) |
| 2006 | 140,600,000 | 2,901,000 | 789,000 | 2,112,000 | 20.6 (17.5/21.7) | 5.6 (4.4/6.0) | 15.0 (13.1/15.7) | 2.41 (1.81/2.63) |
| 2007 | 142,600,000 | 2,986,000 | 792,000 | 2,194,000 | 20.9 (17.4/22.1) | 6.2 (5.1/6.6) | 14.7 (12.3/15.5) | 2.39 (1.79/2.61) |
| 2008 | 144,700,000 | 3,022,000 | 885,000 | 2,137,000 | 20.5 (17.2/22.4) | 6.0 (5.1/6.5) | 14.5 (12.1/15.9) | 2.30 (1.79/2.60) |
| 2009 | 146,700,000 | 2,832,000 | 842,000 | 1,990,000 | 19.4 (16.8/20.4) | 5.8 (4.7/6.1) | 13.6 (12.1/14.3) | 2.15 (1.65/2.28) |
| 2010 | 148,600,000 | 2,868,494 | 842,095 | 2,026,399 | 19.2 (17.1/20.1) | 5.6 (4.9/5.9) | 13.6 (12.2/14.2) | 2.12 (1.72/2.26) |
| 2011 | 150,600,000 | 2,891,000 | 828,000 | 2,063,000 | 19.2 (17.4/20.2) | 5.5 (4.8/5.8) | 13.7 (12.6/14.4) | 2.11 (1.71/2.25) |
| 2012 | 152,700,000 | 2,933,000 | 826,000 | 2,107,000 | 18.9 (17.1/20.0) | 5.3 (4.6/5.7) | 13.6 (12.5/14.3) | 2.12 (1.84/2.30) |
| 2013 | 154,700,000 | 19.0 (18.2/19.3) | 5.3 (4.6/5.6) | 13.7 (13.6/13.7) | 2.11 (1.84/2.19) | |||
| 2014 | 156,800,000 | 18.9 (17.2/19.4) | 5.2 (4.1/5.6) | 13.7 (13.1/13.8) | 2.11 (1.77/2.22) | |||
| 2015 | 158,900,000 | 18.8 (16.5/20.3) | 5.1 (4.6/5.5) | 13.7 (11.9/14.8) | 2.10 (1.72/2.30) | |||
| 2016 | 160,800,000 | 18.7 (16.1/20.9) | 5.1 (4.2/5.7) | 13.6 (11.9/15.2) | 2.10 (1.68/2.38) | |||
| 2017 | 163,780,000 | 3,009,950 | 829,770 | 2,180,180 | 18.5 (16.1/20.4) | 5.1 (4.2/5.7) | 13.4 (11.9/14.7) | 2.05 (1.68/2.37) |
| 2018 | 164,600,000 | 18.3 (16.1/20.1) | 5.0 (4.4/5.4) | 13.3 (11.7/14.7) | 2.05 (1.68/2.38) | |||
| 2019 | 166,500,000 | 18.1 (15.9/20.0) | 4.9 (4.4/5.4) | 13.2 (11.5/14.6) | 2.04 (1.67/2.37) | |||
| 2020 | 168,220,000 | 3,040,667 | 852,254 | 2,188,413 | 18.1 (15.3/20.4) | 5.1 (4.9/5.2) | 13.0 (10.4/15.2) | 2.04 (1.66/2.37) |
Total fertility rate by divisions in 2020[]
| Division | TFR (total fertility rate) | Crude birth rate | Death rate |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mymensingh | 2.69 | 21.8 | 5.0 |
| Barishal | 2.07 | 17.7 | 5.2 |
| Chittagong | 2.36 | 21.6 | 5.3 |
| Dhaka | 1.71 | 15.8 | 4.5 |
| Rajshahi | 1.99 | 16.8 | 5.4 |
| Rangpur | 2.11 | 18.2 | 5.2 |
| Sylhet | 1.94 | 17.7 | 5.3 |
| Khulna | 1.98 | 17.1 | 5.0 |
Fertility Rate (Demographic and Health Surveys)[]
[22] CBR (Crude Birth Rate), Total Fertility Rate (TFR) and Wanted Fertility Rate (WFR):
| Year | CBR (Total) | CBR (Urban) | CBR (Rural) | TFR (Total) | TFR (Urban) | TFR (Rural) | WFR (Total) | WFR (Urban) | WFR (Rural) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1993-1994 | 29.1 | 25.3 | 29.5 | 3.44 | 2.69 | 3.54 | 2.1 | 1.7 | 2.2 | ||
| 1996-1997 | 29.4 | 22.6 | 30.2 | 3.27 | 2.10 | 3.43 | 2.1 | 1.5 | 2.2 | ||
| 1999-2000 | 30.2 | 25.3 | 31.3 | 3.31 | 2.45 | 3.54 | 2.2 | 1.7 | 2.4 | ||
| 2001 | 28.4 | 26.0 | 28.9 | 3.22 | 2.69 | 3.36 | |||||
| 2004 | 28.7 | 25.8 | 29.5 | 3.0 | 2.5 | 3.2 | 2.0 | 1.6 | 2.1 | ||
| 2007 | 26.1 | 24.7 | 26.5 | 2.7 | 2.4 | 2.8 | 1.9 | 1.7 | 1.9 | ||
| 2011 | 22.6 | 20.6 | 23.3 | 2.3 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.6 | ||
| 2014 | 22.2 | 20.8 | 22.8 | 2.3 | 2.0 | 2.4 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.7 | ||
| 2017-18 | 21.9 | 21.1 | 22.3 | 2.3 | 2.0 | 2.3 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.8 |
Health[]
Life expectancy at birth[]
- Total population: 72.7 years (2018)[23]
- Male: 71.1 years
- Female: 74.4 years
| Period | Life expectancy in Years |
Period | Life expectancy in Years |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1950–1955 | 40.7 | 1985–1990 | 57.0 |
| 1955–1960 | 44.2 | 1990–1995 | 60.0 |
| 1960–1965 | 47.2 | 1995–2000 | 63.7 |
| 1965–1970 | 49.3 | 2000–2005 | 66.7 |
| 1970–1975 | 46.3 | 2005–2010 | 69.1 |
| 1975–1980 | 52.2 | 2010–2015 | 71.2 |
| 1980–1985 | 54.3 |
Source: UN World Population Prospects[24]
HIV/AIDS[]
- Prevalence rate: less than 0.1% (adults, 102nd in world, 2001 est.); 0.01% (2014 est.)
- People living with HIV/AIDS: 12,000 (85th in world, 2007 est.)
- Deaths: fewer than 500 (87th in world, 2007 est.); about 700 (2014 est.).
Major infectious diseases[]
- Degree of risk: high
- Food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever
- Vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria are high risks in some locations
- Water contact disease: leptospirosis
- Animal contact disease: rabies (2005)
Ethnic groups[]
The vast majority (about 98.5%) of Bangladeshis are of the Bengali ethno-linguistic group. This group also spans the neighboring Indian province of West Bengal. Minority ethnic groups include Meitei, Tripuri, Marma, Tanchangya, Barua, Khasi, Santhals, Chakma, Rakhine people, Garo, Biharis, Oraons, Mundas and Rohingyas.
Communities of Persian and Iranic peoples mainly reside in the city of Chittagong and are the descendants of migrants that immigrated during the Pakistani dominion over Bangladesh, and also from the British Partition of 1947. Some are descendants of the Persian settlers during the medieval era of the Bengal Sultanate, most Iranic peoples living in Chittagong are either mainly or fully integrated into Bengali society, and have even influenced the Chittagonian language as a whole.[26][27][28]
Biharis are Urdu-speaking, non-Bengalis who emigrated from the state of Bihar and other parts of northern India during the 1947 partition. They are concentrated in the Dhaka and Rangpur areas and number some 300,000.[29][30] In the 1971 independence war many of them sided with Pakistan, as they stood to lose their positions in the upper levels of society.[31] Hundreds of thousands went to Pakistan and those that remained were interned in refugee camps. Their population declined from about 1 million in 1971 to 600,000 in the late 1980s.[31] Refugees International has called them a "neglected and stateless" people as they are denied citizenship by the governments of Bangladesh and Pakistan.[32] As nearly 40 years has passed, two generations of Biharis have been born in these camps. Biharis were granted Bangladeshi citizenship and voting rights in 2008.[33]
Bangladesh's tribal population was enumerated at 897,828 in the 1981 census.[31] These tribes are concentrated in the Chittagong Hill Tracts and around Mymensingh, Sylhet, and Rajshahi. They are of Sino-Tibetan descent and differ markedly in their social customs, religion, language and level of development. They speak Tibeto-Burman languages and most are Buddhist or Hindu.[31] The four largest tribes are Chakmas, Marmas, Tipperas, Tanchangya, and Mros. Smaller groups include the Santals in Rajshahi and Dinajpur, and Khasis, Garos, and Khajons in Mymensingh and Sylhet regions.[31]
There are small communities of Meitei people in the Sylhet district, which is close to the Meitei homeland across the border in Manipur, India.
There is a small population of Rohingya refugees from Myanmar near the border in the southeast. There are 28,000 living in two UN refugee camps in Cox's Bazar as well as some 200,000 "unregistered people of concern" living outside of the camps.[34] The refugee crisis originated in the early 1990s when the first wave numbering some 250,000 of the predominantly Muslim ethnic group fled persecution from their home in Rakhaine—Myanmar's westernmost state. Bangladesh seeks to repatriate the refugees back to Myanmar.[35]
Language[]
- Official language: Bengali (also known as Bangla)
- Other languages often considered dialects of Bengali: Chittagonian, Sylheti,Barishailla, Rohingya, Tangchangya, Chakma, and Rangpuri.[36]
- Other Indic languages: Bishnupriya Manipuri, Assamese, various Bihari languages
- Tibeto-Burman languages: A'Tong, Chak, Koch, Garo, Megam, Tripuri, Meitei Manipuri, Mizo, Mru, Pangkhua, Rakhine/Marma, various Chin languages[36]
- Austroasiatic languages: Khasi, Koda, Mundari, Pnar, Santali, War[36]
- Dravidian languages: Kurukh[36]
- Other languages: English (spoken and known widely in upper-class & politics), Arabic ( sometimes spoken and known by many Muslims, due to Islam being the primary religion), Hindi/Urdu (understood by some, and spoken by Biharis)
Religion[]
- Population trends for major religious groups in Bangladesh (1951–2011)
| Religious group |
Population % 1951.[37] |
Population % 1961[37] |
Population % 1974[37] |
Population % 1981[37] |
Population % 1991[37] |
Population % 2001[38] |
Population % 2011[39] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Islam | 78.9 % | 80.4 % | 85.4 % | 86.6 % | 88.3 % | 89.7% | 90.4 % |
| Hinduism | 22 % | 18.5% | 13.5% | 12.1 % | 10.5 % | 9.2% | 8.5% |
| Buddhism | 0.7 % | 0.7 % | 0.6 % | 0.6 % | 0.6 % | 0.7 % | 0.6% |
| Christianity | 0.3 % | 0.3 % | 0.2 % | 0.3 % | 0.3 % | 0.3% | 0.4% |
| Other religions/No religion | 0.1 % | 0.1 % | 0.2 % | 0.3 % | 0.3 % | 0.1% | 0.1% |
Religions in Bangladesh (2011)[40]
| Religion | Population |
|---|---|
Muslims ( )
|
135,394,218 |
Hindus ( )
|
12,730,651 |
Buddhists ( )
|
898,635 |
Christians ( )
|
599,090 |
| Other's | 149,770 |
Bangladesh have a population of 149,772,364 as per 2011 census.[42]
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| Culture of Bangladesh |
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| Traditions |
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Genetics[]
Bangladesh has the world's highest frequency of the M form of mitochondrial DNA. This genetic variant spans many continents, and is the single most common mtDNA haplogroup in Asia.[43] In Bangladesh it represents about 83% of maternal lineages.[44]
Education[]
Bangladesh has a literacy rate of 74.70 percent as of 2019. 76.67 percent for males and 71.95 percent for females.
Migrants[]
According to the United Nations, there were 1,500,921 international migrants in Bangladesh in 2017.
Their most common countries of origin were as follows:
| International migrants in Bangladesh in 2017 | |
|---|---|
 Myanmar |
239,742 |
 Malaysia |
208,406 |
 China |
166,646 |
 Indonesia |
156,500 |
 Laos |
90,253 |
 United States |
47,103 |
 Nepal |
39,988 |
 India |
35,250 |
 Great Britain |
34,266 |
 Bahrain |
30,877 |
 Vietnam |
28,176 |
 Cambodia |
20,109 |
At the same time, the United Nations also enumerated the Bangladesh diaspora as 4,499,919 persons.
The most common countries where Bangladeshi migrants are located were as follows:
| International migrants from Bangladesh in 2017 | |
|---|---|
 Saudi Arabia |
1,377,072 |
 United Arab Emirates |
1,044,505 |
 Kuwait |
381,669 |
| Malaysia |
365,600 |
 Oman |
276,518 |
| Great Britain |
228,353 |
| United States |
279,021 |
 Qatar |
183,386 |
 Italy |
100,743 |
 Singapore |
83,279 |
| Bahrain |
80,457 |
 Canada |
65,698 |
 Australia |
48,888 |
 Maldives |
38,620 |
See also[]
- Bangladeshi society
- School of Human Genetic and Population Health
References[]
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External links[]
This article incorporates public domain material from the CIA World Factbook document: "2011 edition". This is also viewable at "Bangladesh 2011". Retrieved 16 September 2014.- This article incorporates public domain material from the United States Department of State website https://www.state.gov/countries-areas/. (U.S. Bilateral Relations Fact Sheets)
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- Demographics of Bangladesh