Demographics of Colombia

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Demographics of Colombia
Colombia single age population pyramid 2020.png
Colombia population pyramid in 2020
Population51,049,498 (2021 estimate)(29th)[1]
Density42.25 inhab/sq km (139th)
Growth rateIncrease 0.8% (105th)
Birth rate18.9 births/1,000 population (111th)
Death rate5.8/1,000 population (178th)
Life expectancy79 (34th)
 • male76 (37th)
 • female83 (22nd)
Fertility rate1.80 children/woman (122nd)
Net migration rateDecrease−0.65 (2014)[2]
Age structure
0–14 years22.5%
15–64 years64.1%
65 and over13.4%
Sex ratio
Total1.03 male(s)/female
Under 151.02 male(s)/female
15–64 years0.95 male(s)/female
65 and over0.75 male(s)/female
Language
SpokenSpanish, English and other european languages.

This article is about the demographic features of the population of Colombia, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population. It is the second-most populous country in South America after Brazil.

The Demography of Colombia is characterized for being the third-most populous country in Latin America, after Mexico and Brazil. Colombia experienced rapid population growth like most countries, but four decades of an armed conflict pushed millions of Colombians out of the country. However, a rebound economy in the 2000s in urban centres improved the situation of living standards for Colombians in a traditional class stratified economy.

Census[]

Population census
YearPop.±%
1864 1,694,487—    
1870 2,681,637+58.3%
1905* 4,533,777+69.1%
1912 5,472,604+20.7%
1918 5,855,077+7.0%
1928 7,851,110+34.1%
1938** 8,701,816+10.8%
1951 11,548,172+32.7%
1964 17,484,508+51.4%
1973 20,785,235+18.9%
1985 27,837,932+33.9%
1993 33,109,839+18.9%
2005 42,888,592+29.5%
2018 48,258,494+12.5%
*First census after 35 years
**First modern census
2018 population census final estimate
Note: Diverse sources Census respective year DANE
Source: DANEDANE Simple[1]
The population density of Colombia. Red showing concentration of population.
Demographics of Colombia, Data of FAO, year 2005 ; Number of inhabitants in thousands.

2018 Census[]

According to the 2018 census, Colombia has 48,258,494 inhabitants within its territory.[3] All the data below is available in the DANE Census results.

Rank Department Census population Change, 2005–2018 Percent of the total Colombia population, 2018[note 1] Population density 2020 population projection
Current 2005 2018 2005 Percent
[note 2] 		Absolute Extension km2 Population density 2018 Rank 2020 population
1 1 Bogotá 7,412,566 6,840,116 8.4% +572,450 15.36% 1,587 4,670.8 1 7,743,955
2 2 Antioquia 6,407,102 5,696,183 12.5% +710,919 13.27% 63,612 100.7 2 6,677,930
3 3 Valle del Cauca 4,475,886 4,161,425 7.6% +314,461 9.27% 22,140 202.2 3 4,532,152
4 4 Cundinamarca 2,919,060 2,280,037 28.0% +639,023 6.05% 24,210 120.6 4 3,242,999
5 5 Atlántico 2,535,517 2,166,156 17.1% +369,361 5.25% 3,388 748.4 5 2,722,128
6 6 Santander 2,184,837 1,957,789 11.6% +227,048 4.53% 30,537 71.5 6 2,280,908
7 7 Bolívar 2,070,110 1,878,993 10.2% +191,917 4.29% 25,978 79.7 7 2,180,976
8 9 Córdoba 1,784,783 1,467,929 21.6% +316,854 3.70% 25,020 71.3 8 1,828,947
9 8 Nariño 1,630,592 1,541,956 5.7% +88,636 3.38% 33,268 49.0 9 1,627,589
10 13 Norte de Santander 1,491,689 1,243,975 19.9% +247,714 3.09% 21,658 68.9 10 1,620,318
11 11 Cauca 1,464,488 1,268,937 15.4% +195,551 3.03% 29,308 50.0 11 1,491,937
12 14 Magdalena 1,341,746 1,149,917 16.7% +191,829 2.78% 23,188 57.9 12 1,427,026
13 10 Tolima 1,330,187 1,365,342 −2.6% −35,155 2.76% 23,562 56.5 13 1,339,998
14 12 Boyacá 1,217,376 1,255,311 −3.0% −37,935 2.52% 23,189 52.5 15 1,242,731
15 17 Cesar 1,200,574 903,279 32.9% +297,295 2.49% 22,905 53.3 14 1,295,387
16 15 Huila 1,100,386 1,011,418 8.8% +88,968 2.28% 19,890 55.3 16 1,122,622
17 19 Meta 1,039,722 783,168 32.8% +256,554 2.15% 85,635 12.1 17 1,063,454
18 16 Caldas 998,255 968,740 3.0% +29,515 2.07% 7,888 126.6 18 1,018,453
19 18 Risaralda 943,401 897,509 5.1% +45,892 1.95% 4,140 227.9 20 961,055
20 20 Sucre 904,863 772,010 17.2% +132,853 1.88% 10,917 82.9 21 949,252
21 21 La Guajira 880,560 681,575 29.2% +198,985 1.82% 20,848 42.2 19 965,718
22 22 Quindío 539,904 534,552 1.0% +5,352 1.12% 1,845 292.6 22 555,401
23 23 Chocó 534,826 440,123 21.6% +94,703 1.11% 46,530 11.5 23 544,764
24 26 Casanare 420,504 293,253 43.4% +127,251 0.87% 44,640 9.4 24 435,195
25 24 Caquetá 401,489 420,337 −4.5% −18,848 0.83% 88,965 4.5 25 410,521
26 25 Putumayo 348,182 310,132 12.3% +38,050 0.72% 24,885 14.0 26 359,127
27 27 Arauca 262,174 232,118 12.9% +30,056 0.54% 23,818 11.0 27 294,206
28 31 Vichada 107,808 55,872 93.0% +51,936 0.22% 100,242 1.1 28 112,958
29 28 Guaviare 82,767 95,551 −13.4% −12,874 0.17% 53,460 1.5 29 86,657
30 30 Amazonas 76,589 67,726 13.1% +8,863 0.16% 109,665 0.7 30 79,020
31 29 San Andrés y Providencia 61,280 70,554 −13.1% −9,274 0.13% 52 1,178.5 31 63,692
32 33 Guainía 48,114 35,230 36.6% +12,884 0.10% 72,238 0.7 32 59,636
33 32 Vaupés 40,797 39,279 3.9% +1,518 0.08% 54,135 0.8 33 44,712
− − Colombia 48,258,494 42,888,592 12.5% +5,369,902 - 1,141,748 42.3 - 50,372,424

20th and 21st centuries[]

Colombian census from 1912:[4][5]

  • On 1912 census estimated 5,472,604 inhabitants.
  • On 1918 census estimated 5,855,077 inhabitants.
  • On 1928 census estimated 7,851,110 inhabitants.
  • On 1938 census estimated 8,697,041 inhabitants.
  • On 1951 census estimated 11,548,172 inhabitants.
  • On 1964 census estimated 17,484,508 inhabitants.
  • On 1973 census estimated 20,785,234 inhabitants.
  • On 1985 census estimated 27,837,932 inhabitants.
  • On 1993 census estimated 33,109,839 inhabitants.
  • On 2005 census estimated 42,888,592 inhabitants.
  • On 2018 census estimated 48,258,494 inhabitants.

UN estimates[]

According to the 2019 revision of the World Population Prospects[6][7] the total population was 49,661,048 in 2018, compared to only 12,342,000 in 1950. The proportion of children below the age of 15 in 2015 was 24.3%, 68.7% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 7% was 65 years or older .[8]

Total population
(x 1000) 		Proportion
aged 0–14
(%) 		Proportion
aged 15–64
(%) 		Proportion
aged 65+
(%)
1950 12 341 42.6 54.0 3.4
1955 14 225 44.8 52.0 3.2
1960 16 480 46.4 50.4 3.2
1965 19 144 46.9 49.9 3.2
1970 22 061 45.9 50.7 3.4
1975 24 757 43.4 53.0 3.6
1980 27 738 40.6 55.7 3.7
1985 31 012 37.9 58.2 3.9
1990 34 272 36.3 59.6 4.1
1995 37 442 34.3 61.3 4.4
2000 40 404 31.5 63.8 4.7
2005 43 286 28.9 65.9 5.2
2010 45 918 26.4 67.8 5.9
2015 48 229 24.3 68.7 7.0
2020 50 883 22.2 68.8 9.1

Age structure of the population[]

Structure of the population according to the 2018 census results:[9]

Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 23,550,072 24,708,422 48,258,494 100
0–4 1,698,699 1,621,485 3,320,184 6.88
5–9 1,862,778 1,780,738 3,643,516 7,55
10–14 2,017,205 1,925,513 3,942,718 8,17
15–19 2,152,328 2,055,812 4,208,140 8,72
20–24 2,166,806 2,137,851 4,304,657 8,92
25–29 2,007,553 2,026,857 4,034,410 8,36
30–34 1,804,867 1,857,952 3,662,819 7,59
35–39 1,703,524 1,809,693 3,513,217 7,28
40–44 1,428,451 1,568,401 2,996,852 6,21
45–49 1,360,889 1,529,794 2,890,683 5,99
50–54 1,327,108 1,510,491 2,837,599 5,88
55–59 1,153,378 1,336,760 2,490,138 5,16
60–64 916,911 1,076,164 1,993,075 4,13
65–69 699,748 820,394 1,520,142 3,15
70–74 501,888 598,405 1,100,293 2,28
75–79 357,112 443,978 801,090 1,66
80+ 415,967 582,994 998,961 2,07
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 5,578,682 5,327,736 10,906,418 22.60
15–64 16,021,815 16,909,775 32,931,590 68.24
65+ 1,974,715 2,445,771 4,420,486 9.16

Urbanization[]

Movement from rural to urban areas was very heavy in the middle of the twentieth century, but has since tapered off. The urban population increased from 31% of the total population in 1938, to 57% in 1951 and about 70% by 1990. Currently the figure is about 77%. The list of the most populated cities in the country only contains the population living in the urban area of the municipalities, according to the results of the 2018 population census.[10]

Rank Place name 2018 Census 2005 Census % Change
1 Bogotá 7,387,400 6,824,507 8.20%
2 Medellín 2,382,399 2,175,681 9.50%
3 Cali 2,172,527 2,083,102 4.30%
4 Barranquilla 1,205,284 1,142,451 5.50%
5 Cartagena 876,885 842,632 4.07%
6 Cúcuta 685,445 567,559 20.77%
7 Soacha 655,025 396,544 65.18%
8 Soledad 602,644 460,745 30.80%
9 Bucaramanga 570,752 509,135 12.10%
10 Bello 495,483 358,167 38.34%
11 Ibagué 492,554 468,378 15.16%
12 Villavicencio 492,052 356,461 38.04%
13 Santa Marta 455,299 385,186 18.20%
14 Valledupar 431,794 299,112 44.36%
15 Manizales 405,234 353,138 14.75%
16 Montería 388,499 286,631 35.54%
17 Pereira 385,838 371,439 3.87%
18 Neiva 335,994 295,847 13.57%
19 Pasto 308,095 312,480 −1.40%
20 Armenia 287,245 273,076 13.73%
21 Floridablanca 280,025 243,773 14.87%
22 Palmira 275,254 228,056 20.69%
23 Popayán 266,561 226,867 17.49%
24 Sincelejo 249,323 219,655 13.50%
25 Itagüí 247,918 213,187 16.29%
26 Buenaventura 235,064 292,889 −19.74%
27 Envigado 215,766 165,462 30.40%
28 Dosquebradas 204,280 169,820 20.29%
29 Barrancabermeja 177,272 170,821 3.77%
30 Tuluá 174,951 160,916 8.72%

Vital statistics[]

UN estimates[]

The Population Departement of the United Nations prepared the following estimates.[11]

Period Live births
per year 		Deaths
per year 		Natural change
per year 		CBR* CDR* NC* TFR* IMR* Life expectancy
total 		Life expectancy
males 		Life expectancy
females
1950–1955 697,000 197,000 500,000 46.3 15.3 31.0 6.51 117 51.8 49.8 54.0
1955–1960 892,000 189,000 703,000 46.4 12.7 33.7 6.68 100 55.8 53.7 57.9
1960–1965 983,000 188,000 795,000 45.0 10.8 34.2 6.64 86 58.6 56.5 60.6
1965–1970 1,002,000 184,000 818,000 42.9 9.1 33.8 5.86 75 61.0 58.9 63.0
1970–1975 1,067,000 174,000 893,000 39.7 7.6 32.1 4.72 63 63.4 61.1 65.6
1975–1980 1,022,000 171,000 851,000 38.3 6.7 31.6 4.16 50 65.7 63.2 68.2
1980–1985 1,054,000 169,000 885,000 37.0 6.0 31.0 3.58 38 68.0 65.1 71.0
1985–1990 1,174,000 229,000 945,000 33.7 5.7 28.0 3.17 31 69.4 66.0 72.9
1990–1995 1,219,000 238,000 981,000 30.5 5.7 24.8 3.01 26 70.2 66.3 74.2
1995–2000 1,195,000 221,000 974,000 28.5 5.3 23.2 2.70 22 72.1 68.7 75.6
2000–2005 1,061,000 232,000 829,000 25.9 5.1 20.8 2.44 20 73.7 70.4 76.9
2005–2010 982,000 238,000 744,000 22.8 5.2 17.6 2.10 17 74.8 71.7 77.9
2010–2015 945,000 247,000 698,000 20.1 5.3 14.8 1.92 14 76.0 73.1 78.9
2015–2020 939,000 272,000 667,000 19.0 5.5 13.5 1.82 13 77.0 74.2 79.8
2020–2025 909,000 305,000 604,000 17.8 5.9 11.9 1.79 11 77.9 75.2 80.5
2025–2030 874,000 321,000 553,000 15.9 5.8 10.1 1.75 10 78.5 75.2 81.7
* CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman)

Births and deaths[]

[12][13]

Year Population Live births Deaths Natural increase Crude birth rate Crude death rate Rate of natural increase TFR
1998 38,012,359 720,984 175,363 545,621 19.0 4.6 14.4 2.75
1999 38,585,016 746,194 183,553 562,641 19.3 4.8 14.5 2.69
2000 39,140,080 752,834 187,432 565,402 19.2 4.8 14.4 2.63
2001 39,674,811 724,319 191,513 532,806 18.3 4.8 13.5 2.57
2002 40,190,679 700,455 192,262 508,193 17.4 4.8 12.6 2.51
2003 40,693,254 710,702 192,121 518,581 17.5 4.7 12.8 2.45
2004 41,188,093 723,099 188,933 534,166 17.6 4.6 13.0 2.39
2005 41,671,878 719,968 189,022 530,946 17.3 4.5 12.8 2.34
2006 42,170,126 714,450 192,814 521,636 16.9 4.6 12.3 2.29
2007 42,658,630 709,253 193,936 515,317 16.6 4.5 12.1 2.24
2008 43,134,017 715,453 196,943 518,510 16.6 4.6 12.0 2.20
2009 43,608,630 699,775 196,933 502,842 16.0 4.5 11.5 2.16
2010 44,086,292 654,627 200,524 454,103 14.8 4.5 10.3 2.12
2011 44,553,416 665,499 195,823 469,676 14.9 4.4 10.5 2.09
2012 45,001,571 676,835 199,756 477,079 15.0 4.4 10.6 2.06
2013 45,434,942 658,835 203,071 455,764 14.5 4.5 10.0 2.04
2014 45,866,010 669,137 210,051 459,086 14.6 4.6 10.0 2.02
2015 46,313,898 660,999 219,472 441,527 14.3 4.7 9.6 2.00
2016 46,830,116 647,521 223,078 424,443 13.8 4.8 9.0 1.98
2017 47,419,200 656,704 227,624 429,080 13.8 4.8 9.0 1.97
2018 48,258,494 649,115 236,932 412,183 13.5 4.9 8.6 1.95
2019 49,395,678 642,660 244,355 398,305 13.0 4.9 8.1 1.93
2020 50,372,424 620,346 298,150 322,196 12.3 5.9 6.4 1.89

Current vital statistics[]

[14]

  • Number of births from January–March 2020 = Decrease 145,619
  • Number of births from January–March 2021 = Decrease 140,090
  • Number of deaths from January–March 2020 = Negative increase 56,972
  • Number of deaths from January–March 2021 = Negative increase 84,643
  • Natural growth from January–March 2020 = Decrease 88,647
  • Natural growth from January–March 2021 = Decrease 55,447

Departments by birth and death rate[]

Departments by demographic indicators during 2020[15]
N.º Department Birth rate Death rate Natural growth rate Fertility rate
1 Vaupés 32.2 8.7 23.5 4.89
2 Guainía 28.4 6.0 22.4 3.66
3 Vichada 26.0 7.2 18.8 3.29
4 Amazonas 25.0 8.2 16.8 3.29
5 La Guajira 24.6 8.2 16.4 2.78
6 Chocó 22.4 9.1 13.3 2.72
7 Guaviare 22.4 5.2 17.9 2.94
8 Arauca 20.7 5.2 17.2 2.35
9 Cesar 19.8 5.6 14.2 2.35
10 Caquetá 19.5 9.1 10.4 2.41
11 Huila 18.7 7.5 11.2 2.40
12 Magdalena 18.5 8.3 10.2 2.27
13 Casanare 18.3 4.4 13.9 2.16
14 Putumayo 18.4 6.6 11.8 2.17
15 Bolívar 18.0 8.0 10.0 2.21
16 Córdoba 17.8 7.6 10.2 2.26
17 Sucre 17.1 7.2 9.9 2.16
18 Norte de Santander 16.9 7.5 9.4 2.06
19 Meta 16.3 6.9 9.4 2.03
20 Atlántico 16.2 6.9 9.3 1.96
21 Cauca 16.0 8.5 7.5 1.93
22 Nariño 15.5 7.6 7.9 1.93
23 San Andrés y Providencia 14.7 6.8 7.9 1.96
24 Valle del Cauca 14.7 8.3 6.4 1.88
25 Cundinamarca 14.5 7.6 6.9 1.80
26 Boyacá 14.4 9.1 5.3 1.98
27 Santander 13.9 7.1 6.8 1.77
28 Antioquia 13.6 7.4 6.2 1.67
29 Tolima 13.2 9.2 4.0 1.80
30 Risaralda 12.9 8.2 4.7 1.67
31 Bogotá 12.7 5.4 7.3 1.47
32 Caldas 12.2 7.9 4.3 1.66
33 Quindío 11.7 9.9 1.8 1.56
 Colombia 15.4 7.3 8.1 1.89
Datos obtenidos hasta: 2020.

Fertility and births[]

Year CBR (Total) TFR (Total) CBR (Urban) TFR (Urban) CBR (Rural) TFR (Rural)
1981–83 3.65
1986 3.34 (2.81) 2.76 (2.42) 4.88 (3.87)
1990 26.1 2.9 (2.2) 25.7 2.5 (2.1) 27.0 3.8 (2.7)
1995 26 3.0 (2.2) 25 2.5 (1.9) 30 4.3 (2.8)
2000 22.7 2.6 (1.8) 21.6 2.3 (1.7) 25.6 3.8 (2.3)
2005 20.4 2.4 (1.7) 19.0 2.1 (1.5) 24.3 3.4 (2.1)
2010 18 2.1 (1.6) 17 2.0 (1.5) 20 2.8 (1.9)
2015[16] 16.4 2.0 (1.6) 15.7 1.8 (1.5) 18.5 2.6 (1.9)

Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR):[17]

Ethnicity[]

Main article: Race and ethnicity in Colombia
Ethnic groups in Colombia[18]
Ethnic group percent
White and Mestizo
 
 86.69%
Black (includes Mulatto, Raizal, and Palenquero)
 
 9.34%
Amerindian
 
 3.95%
Romani
 
 0.006%

Colombia is ethnically diverse, its original people descending from the original native inhabitants, Spanish and European colonists, Africans originally brought to the country as slaves, and 20th-century immigrants from Europe and the Middle East, all contributing to a diverse cultural heritage.[19] The demographic distribution reflects a pattern that is influenced by colonial history. Whites tend to live mainly in urban centers, like Bogotá, Medellín or Cali, and the burgeoning highland cities. The populations of the major cities also include mestizos. Mestizo campesinos (people living in rural areas) also live in the Andean highlands where some Spanish conquerors mixed with the women of Amerindian chiefdoms. Mestizos include artisans and small tradesmen that have played a major part in the urban expansion of recent decades.[20]

The 2005 census reported that the "non-ethnic population", consisting of whites and mestizos (those of mixed white European and Amerindian ancestry), constituted 86% of the national population. 10.6% is of black ancestry. Indigenous Colombians comprise 3.4% of the population. Less than 0.01% of the population is Roma. An extraofficial estimate considers that the 49% of the Colombian population is Mestizo or of mixed European and Amerindian ancestry, and that approximately 37% is White, mainly of Spanish lineage, but there is also a large population of Middle East descent; among the upper class there is a considerable input of Italian and German ancestry.[21]

Many of the Indigenous peoples experienced a reduction in population during the Spanish rule[22] and many others were absorbed into the mestizo population, but the remainder currently represents over eighty distinct cultures. Reserves (resguardos) established for indigenous peoples occupy 30,571,640 hectares (305,716.4 km2) (27% of the country's total) and are inhabited by more than 800,000 people.[23] Some of the largest indigenous groups are the Wayuu,[24] the Paez, the , the Emberá and the Zenú.[25] The departments of La Guajira, Cauca, Nariño, Córdoba and Sucre have the largest indigenous populations.[26]

The Organización Nacional Indígena de Colombia (ONIC), founded at the first National Indigenous Congress in 1982, is an organization representing the indigenous peoples of Colombia. In 1991, Colombia signed and ratified the current international law concerning indigenous peoples, Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989.[27]

Black Africans were brought as slaves, mostly to the coastal lowlands, beginning early in the 16th century and continuing into the 19th century. Large Afro-Colombian communities are found today on the Caribbean and Pacific coasts. The population of the department of Chocó, running along the northern portion of Colombia's Pacific coast, is over 70% black.[28] Britons and Jamaicans migrated mainly to the islands of San Andres and Providencia Islands. A number of other Europeans and North Americans migrated to the country in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, including people from the former USSR during and after the Second World War.[29][30]

Many immigrant communities have settled on the Caribbean coast, in particular recent immigrants from the Middle East. Barranquilla (the largest city of the Colombian Caribbean) and other Caribbean cities have the largest populations of Lebanese, Palestinian, Phoenician and other Middle Easterners.[31][32] There are also important communities of Chinese, Japanese, Romanis and Jews.[19] There is a major migration trend of Venezuelans, due to the political crisis and economic collapse in Venezuela.[33]

Languages[]

Main article: Languages of Colombia
See also: Colombian Spanish

Spanish (of which Colombia has the third-largest population of speakers in the world after Mexico and the United States) is the official language, and there are small communities in urban areas speaking other European languages such as German, French, English, Italian and Portuguese. There are 65 indigenous languages and two Creole languages, one creole in San Basilio de Palenque and one in San Andrés; and also San Andrés is the only place of Colombia where are three official languages: Spanish, English and a creole language.[34][35][36]

Religion[]

Religion in Colombia (2014) – Pew Research Center[37]

  Catholicism (79%)
  Protestantism (13%)
  Unaffiliated (6%)
  Other (2%)

Religion in Colombia – Other studies [38][39]

  Catholicism (70.9%)
  Protestantism (16.7%)
  Atheist or agnostic (4.7%)
  Claim to believe in God but do not follow a specific religion (3.5%)
  Jehovah's Witnesses and Adventism (1.8%)
  Other (0.2%)
  The remaining people either did not respond or replied that they did not know. (2.2%)

The National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE) does not collect religious statistics, and accurate reports are difficult to obtain. However, based on various studies and a survey, about 90% of the population adheres to Christianity, the majority of which (70.9%) are Roman Catholic, while a significant minority (16.7%) adhere to Protestantism (primarily Evangelicalism). Some 4.7% of the population is atheist or agnostic, while 3.5% claim to believe in God but do not follow a specific religion. 1.8% of Colombians adhere to Jehovah's Witnesses and Adventism and less than 1% adhere to other religions, such as Islam, Judaism, Buddhism, Mormonism, Hinduism, Indigenous religions, Hare Krishna movement, Rastafari movement, Orthodox Catholic Church, and spiritual studies. The remaining people either did not respond or replied that they did not know. In addition to the above statistics, 35.9% of Colombians reported that they did not practice their faith actively.[37][38][39]

While Colombia remains a mostly Roman Catholic country by baptism numbers, the 1991 Colombian constitution guarantees freedom of religion and all religious faiths and churches are equally free before the law.[40]

Migration[]

Main article: Colombian diaspora

Historically, a sizable percentage of Colombian emigration has also been motivated by the need to escape from political persecution and bipartisan violence during the periods of "La Violencia" (1948–1958), and later due to the effects of the nation's current conflict (since 1964). This has resulted in numerous applications for political asylum abroad.

Colombians have emigrated in comparably high rates to the United States. Other Colombians migrated to Canada and Europe (most to Spain, but also to France, Italy, the United Kingdom and Sweden). Among other locations.[citation needed]

Today millions of Colombians have returned to their country due to improvements in security, Colombia is now a country on the road to recovery. It is creating an economy that is today considered attractive and prosperous by many national and international investors. There are policies of the Colombian Government to help Colombians with housing loans. There is a support system for returning migrants. Certificates of competency are issued and there is a free employment service to help people find a job.[41][42][43][44]

CIA World Factbook demographic statistics[]

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.[45]

Population[]

48,637,910 (May 2016 est.)

Median age[]

total: 27.7 years

male: 26.7 years

female: 28.6 years (2010 est.)

Sex ratio[]

At birth: 1.03 male(s)/female

Under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female

15–64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female

total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2009 est.)

HIV/AIDS – adult prevalence rate[]

0.7% (2007 est.)

HIV/AIDS – people living with HIV/AIDS[]

170,000 (2007 est.)

HIV/AIDS – deaths[]

9,800 (2007 est.)

Nationality[]

noun: Colombia adjective: Colombian(s)

Literacy[]

definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 99.4%

male: 99.1% (2018 census)

female: 99.7% (2018 census)

Notes[]

  1. ^ Because of rounding of the individual percentages, the entries in this column may not sum to 100%.
  2. ^ This figure for each department compares to a national increase of 12.5%.

References[]

  1. ^ "Proyecciones de Población DANE".
  2. ^ "CIA – The World Factbook – Rank Order – Net migration rate". CIA. Retrieved 23 February 2009.
  3. ^ "Censo Nacional de Población y Vivienda 2018". Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística - DANE. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
  4. ^ "La historia del censo en Colombia" Archived 5 December 2012 at archive.today. Caracol. 28 September 2005. Consulted 16 April 2012.
  5. ^ "Entrega de resultados Censo nacional de población y vivienda (CNPV)- 2018" (PDF). Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística - DANE. Retrieved 5 July 2019.
  6. ^ ""World Population prospects – Population division"". population.un.org. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved 9 November 2019.
  7. ^ ""Overall total population" – World Population Prospects: The 2019 Revision" (xslx). population.un.org (custom data acquired via website). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved 9 November 2019.
  8. ^ "World Population Prospects". Population Division - United Nations. Retrieved 7 July 2016.
  9. ^ "Censo Nacional de Población y Vivienda 2018 - Herramientas - Explorador de datos". Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística - DANE. Retrieved 10 November 2019.
  10. ^ "Población ajustada por cobertura - Censo Nacional de Población y Vivienda 2018". Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística - DANE. Retrieved 9 November 2019.
  11. ^ "World Population Prospects 2019". United Nations - Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Dynamics. Retrieved 25 December 2019.
  12. ^ "Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE)". Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística - DANE. Archived from the original on 25 April 2016. Retrieved 7 July 2016.
  13. ^ "Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE) - Estimaciones del Cambio Demográfico 1950-2018". Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística - DANE. Retrieved 5 July 2020.
  14. ^ "Nacimientos y Defunciones". Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística - DANE. Retrieved 25 June 2021.
  15. ^ "Proyecciones de los componentes del cambio demográfico por área a nivel nacional 2018-2070 y departamental 2018-2050". Retrieved 5 July 2020.
  16. ^ "Ministerio de Salud y Profamilia entregan resultados de la ENDS 2015". Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social de Colombia. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
  17. ^ "MEASURE DHS: Demographic and Health Surveys". Microdata.worldbank.org. Retrieved 7 July 2016.
  18. ^ "Ethnic groups of Colombia". 2018 National Population and Housing Census. Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística - DANE. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  19. ^ Jump up to: a b "The ethnic and cultural diversity of Colombia" (PDF). pedagogica.edu.co (in Spanish). Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 March 2014. Retrieved 26 March 2014.
  20. ^ Bushnell & Hudson, pp. 87–88.
  21. ^ Bushnell, David & Rex A. Hudson (2010) "The Society and Its Environment"; Colombia: a country study: pp. 87, 92. Washington D.C.: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress.
  22. ^ "Society and slavery". colombia.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 September 2013.
  23. ^ "Resguardos indígenas – Concentra el 43% de los bosques naturales". siac.gov.co (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 28 March 2014. Retrieved 27 March 2014.
  24. ^ "Hostein, N. (2010). El pueblo wayuu de la Guajira colombo-venezolana: un panorama de su cultura. Cuadernos de Antropología, 20(1)". Revistas.ucr.ac.cr. Retrieved 27 March 2014.
  25. ^ "Los pueblos indígenas de Colombia en el umbral del nuevo milenio. Población, cultura y territorio: bases para el fortalecimiento social y económico de los pueblos indígenas". dnp.gov.co. Retrieved 27 March 2014.
  26. ^ "visibilización estadística de los grupos étnicos" (PDF). Censo General 2005. Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadistica (DANE). Retrieved 15 June 2013.
  27. ^ "Ratifications for Colombia". International Labour Organization. Retrieved 26 March 2014.
  28. ^ "Ethnic groups in Colombia" (PDF) (in Spanish). Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística - DANE. Retrieved 26 March 2014.
  29. ^ Luis Álvaro Gallo Martínez (2011). "Inmigrantes a Colombia: Personajes extranjeros llegados a Colombia" (PDF). rodriguezuribe.co. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2015.
  30. ^ Wabgou, M.; Vargas, D.; Carabalí, J. A. (2012). "Las migraciones internacionales en Colombia. Investigación & Desarrollo, 20(1) 142–167". Universidad del Norte.
  31. ^ Vargas Arana, Pilar, and Luz Marina Suaza Vargas. "Los árabes en Colombia: Del rechazo a la integración". (2007).
  32. ^ "The Arab immigration to Colombia". nodo50.org (in Spanish). Retrieved 30 January 2014.
  33. ^ "Características de los migrantes de Venezuela a Colombia" (PDF). Observatorio Laboral (in Spanish). 14 August 2017.
  34. ^ "Languages of Colombia" (in Spanish). banrepcultural.org. Retrieved 9 October 2013.
  35. ^ "Jon Landaburu, Especialista de las lenguas de Colombia" (in Spanish). ambafrance-co.org. Archived from the original on 16 December 2013. Retrieved 9 October 2013.
  36. ^ "Map of the languages of Colombia" (in Spanish). lenguasdecolombia.gov.co. Retrieved 9 October 2013.
  37. ^ Jump up to: a b "Religion in Latin America, Widespread Change in a Historically Catholic Region". pewforum.org. Pew Research Center. 13 November 2014.
  38. ^ Jump up to: a b Beltrán Cely; William Mauricio (2013). "Del monopolio católico a la explosión pentecostal'" (PDF) (in Spanish). Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas, Centro de Estudios Sociales (CES), Maestría en Sociología. ISBN 978-958-761-465-7. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 March 2016. Retrieved 9 November 2016.
  39. ^ Jump up to: a b Beltrán Cely; William Mauricio. "Descripción cuantitativa de la pluralización religiosa en Colombia" (PDF). Universitas humanística 73 (2012): 201–238. – bdigital.unal.edu.co. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 March 2014. Retrieved 9 November 2016.
  40. ^ Colombian Constitution of 1991 (Title II – Concerning rights, guarantees, and duties – Chapter I – Concerning fundamental rights – Article 19)
  41. ^ "Can Young People Rebuild Colombia's Social Capital?". theglobalist.com. Retrieved 9 July 2013.
  42. ^ "Opportunities for Colombians who are returning to the country". conexioncolombia.com (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 11 November 2013. Retrieved 9 July 2013.
  43. ^ "Colombia provides opportunities for the development of its citizens in the country". conexioncolombia.com (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 11 November 2013. Retrieved 9 July 2013.
  44. ^ "Entrepreneurship and employment programme for those who return to the country". elempleo.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 July 2013.
  45. ^ "The World Factbook". CIA. Retrieved 7 July 2016.

External links[]

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