Deori language
Deori | |
---|---|
Chutia, Deori-Chutia | |
দেউৰী | |
Native to | India |
Region | Assam, Arunachal Pradesh |
Ethnicity | Deori |
Native speakers | 32,376 (2011 census)[1] |
Sino-Tibetan
| |
Assamese script | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | der |
Glottolog | deor1238 |
ELP | Deori |
Deori[2] is a Tibeto-Burman language in the Sino-Tibetan language family spoken by the Deori people of Assam and Arunachal Pradesh.[3] Out of three, only one clan of the Deori tribe, the Dibongya, have retained the language. The others, Tengaponia and Borgoyan, have shifted to Assamese, but among the Dibongya it is vigorous. It was the original language of Upper Assam.[4] As per the Linguistic Survey of India(1898-1928), the Deori(referred to as Chutia) language represents the most archaic stage of the Bodo-Kachari language family. It is most closely connected with the Dimasa language, but is certainly more primitive in its grammatical system.[5] According to PRT Gurdon (1903), the Deori-Chutia language is very similar to the Moran dialect of Assamese and it can well be stated that the Moran language was nothing but a transitional language between Deori and Assamese language. Although the writers of colonial era termed the language as "Chutia language"(Deoris were formerly known as Deori-Chutias), the Chutia people today speak Assamese. Therefore, at present, there is no evidence of closeness of the language with the Chutia community. [6]
Deori is spoken in Lohit district, Arunachal Pradesh, and in Lakhimpur district, Dhemaji district, Tinsukia district, and Jorhat district of Assam. It was once the original language of Upper Assam.
The Deori language is one of the most influential languages which has helped develop the Assamese language in Upper Assam.
The Chutia/Deori word for water is "Di/Dji", which apparently forms the first syllable of all major rivers of Upper Assam including Dibang, Disang, Dikhou, Dikrong River, Dikarai, Dihing, Digaru, Difolu, which shows that this group of people were the dominant tribe in the entire region with their seat in Sadiya, the earliest known power and civilisation of Chutia.[7] However, the word for water has a similar form in many other languages of the Sal branch of Sino-Tibetan to which Deori belongs, so it is not conclusive evidence that Deori speakers were the first to occupy this area.[8]
Vocabulary[]
This section possibly contains original research. (June 2021) |
Some of the words of Deori language present in Assamese derived from the dictionary Chuperemago[9] are:
Deori word | Assamese word | Meaning |
---|---|---|
Khang | Khong | Anger |
Dep-Depia | Dhep-Dhepia | Plum |
Auja | Auja | Incline |
Atiru | Ati | Highland |
Pulunga | Pulunga | Straight |
Lakia | Lekhia | Similar |
Gujung | Jung | Spear |
Mijima | Mihi | Smooth |
On | On | Yes |
Numoi | Numoli | Little girl |
Norani | Nora | Straw |
Dong | Dong | Irrigation Channel |
Dekagu | Deka | Young man |
Kalahaas | Kalahas | Alkaline prepared from banana stem |
Kharisa | Kharisa | Bamboo Shoot |
Bisu | Bihu | Folk Festival of Assam |
Anali | Anali | Helpless |
Tangan | Tangan | Beating Stick |
Boutar | Batar | Weather |
Hoja | Hoja | Simple |
Jiyoi | Jiyori | Girl |
Uyung | Uyi | Termite |
Dokhar | Dokhar | Piece of cut off |
Mena | Mena | Crooked |
Habang | Hebang | Silly |
Bonda | Bonda | Male cat |
Ingkori | Ingkori | An insect |
Seu | Seu | Habit |
Meli | Meli | Unfold |
Lapha | Lapha | A type of green-leafy be |
Khaofi | Ufi | Dandruff |
Aapa | Aapa | Father |
Medali | Madoli | A type of Assamese Jewelry |
Jakoi | Jakoi | Fishing tool |
Khaloi | Khaloi | Basket |
Dao | Daok | A type of bird |
Dolong | Dolong | Bridge |
Ketenga | Ketenga | Thin/Feeble |
Chutuga | Chuti | Short |
Hichori | Huchori | Bihu Carol |
Hata | Heta | Spatula |
Hajia | Hajia | Labor |
Agu | Athu | Knee |
Ka | Kai | Elder Brother |
Jiku | Jik | Wet |
Gila | Ghila | Knee cap |
Eri | Eri | Eri silk |
Gadu | Gadu | Pillow |
Hasu | Hasi | Sneeze |
Hami | Hami | Yawn |
Hogora | Hogora | A Deer species |
Kera | Kera | Displaced eye |
Keturi | Keturi | A kind of turmeric |
Kekura | Kekura | Crooked |
Maguru | Magur | Cat fish |
Kimu | Kami | Bamboo twig |
Soru | Horu | Small |
Temi | Temi | Container |
Borola | Borola | Widower |
Besoni | Bisoni | Handfan |
Jeng | Jeng | Bush |
Pei | Pehi | Paternal Aunty |
Jabor | Jabor | Waste |
Hapholu | Hapholu | Out hill |
Kusia | Kusia | Eel |
Kerketua | Kerketuwa | Squirrel |
Fosola | Posola | Banana stem |
Gorali | Goral | Cage |
Gosok | Gosok | Trample |
Ukha | Ukha | Breath |
Amoto | Amothu | Heart |
Guwa | Guwa | Areca nut |
Suruka | Suruka | Clean |
Hereka | Hereka | Tasteless |
Kuduna | Khundona | Grinding pot |
Takun | Takun | Stick |
Jobura | Jobura | Vegetable curry |
Kharoli | Kharoli | Mustard paste |
Likota | Likota | Sticky |
Hao | Hao | Curse |
Umoni | Umoni | Incubate |
Ubiriba | Uburi Huwa | Lying chest down |
Sereng-sereng | Sereng-sereng | Excessive heat of sun |
Robju | Robo/Roba | Wait |
Ayoi | Ayoi | Painful sensation |
Bega | Benga | Jump |
Dep Depia | Dhep Dhepia | Plumb |
Sa karba | Kurua | Sunrise |
Dogia | Dhokia | Beat |
Heleng-jeleng | Heleng-jeleng | Weakness |
Kunga | Kunga | Crippled |
Dai | Daiti | Paternal Uncle |
Datig | Dati | Border area |
Roina | Roina | Cleaning instrument |
Pelinga | Pelenga | Boy |
Kubi | Kuki | A type of Basket |
Dun | Dun | Small basket |
Dokora | Dokora | Wooden hammer |
Hesiba | Hesa mora | Press |
Hiju | Hiju | A plant |
Keng keng | Kengkengoni | Yap |
Isa | Risa/Riha | Wrapper cloth |
Sumu | Sum | A plant |
Rang-si | Rang kukur | Wild dog |
Megela | Megela bon | Plum grass |
Teku | Tekeli | Pot |
Tokou | Tokou | A type of Palm tree |
Serepa | Serepa | A type of insect |
Further reading[]
- Acharyya, Prarthana & Shakuntala Mahanta. 2019. Language vitality assessment of Deori: An endangered language. Language Documentation & Conservation 13: 514-544.
- Acharyya, Prarthana & Shakuntala Mahanta. (2018). Production and perception of lexical tone in Deori. Sixth International Symposium on Tonal Aspects of Languages (TAL), June 18–20, 2018, Berlin, Germany. 93–97. doi:10.21437/TAL.2018-19.
- Goswami, Upendranath. (1994). An introduction to the Deori language. Guwahati: Anundoram Borooah Institute of Language, Art, and Culture.
- Jacquesson, François. (2005). Le Deuri: Langue Tibéto-Birmane d’Assam. Leuven: Peeters Publishers.
- Mahanta, Shakuntala, Indranil Dutta, & Prarthana Acharyya. (2017). Lexical tone in Deori: loss, contrast, and word-based alignment. In Honeybone, Patrick, Julian Bradfield, Josef Fruehwald, Pavel Losad, Benjamin Ress Molin- eaux, & Michael Ramsammy (eds.), Papers in Historical Phonology 2. 51–87. doi:10.2218/pihph.2.2017.1906.
- Nath, Arup Kumar. (2010). A lexico semantic study of Tiwa and Deori: Two endangered languages of the Tibeto Burman Family. New Delhi: Jawaharlal Nehru University (Doctoral dissertation). http://hdl.handle.net/10603/31796.
- Saikia, Sangeeta. (2012). A socio-linguistic survey of Deori speech community. Gauhati: Gauhati University (Doctoral dissertation).
- Saikia, Sangeeta. (2013). Deuri Asomar Bhasha. In Devy, Ganesh Narayandas (ed.), Peoples Linguistic Survey of India 5(2). 3-15. India: Orient Blackswan Private Limited.
References[]
- ^ "Statement 1: Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues – 2011". www.censusindia.gov.in. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
- ^ [1]
- ^ Acharyya, Prarthana; Mahanta, Shakuntala (1 September 2019). "Language vitality assessment of Deori: An endangered language". Language Documentation & Conservation. 13: 514–544. ISSN 1934-5275.
- ^ Brown, William Barclays (2015) [1895]. An Outline grammar of the Deori Chutiya language spoken in Upper Assam. Shillong.
- ^ Grierson, George, Linguistic Survey of India(Volume 3-2), p. 118.
- ^ "The extant literature on Deori (Brown 1895; Brandreth 1878; Grierson 1909; Goswami 1994) associates the language of the Deori community with the Chutiyas, "the original language of Upper Assam" (Brown 1895:5). At present, there is no evidence of closeness of the Deori language to the language spoken by the Chutiya community." (Acharyya & Mahanta 2019:516)
- ^ Endle 1911, p. 4.
- ^ Coupe, Alexander R.; Kratochvíl, František (2020), "Asia before English", The Handbook of Asian Englishes, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, pp. 13–48, doi:10.1002/9781118791882.ch2, ISBN 978-1-118-79188-2, retrieved 12 January 2021
- ^ Kishor Deori, Chuperemago(1997)
- Sal languages
- Languages of Assam
- Languages of Arunachal Pradesh
- Endangered languages of India