Epicaridea

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Epicaridea
Temporal range: Late Jurassic–Present
Aspidophryxus peltatus.png
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Arthropoda
Subphylum:
Crustacea
Class:
Malacostraca
Order:
Isopoda
Suborder:
Cymothoida
(unranked):
Epicaridea

Latreille, 1831
Superfamilies
  • Bopyroidea Rafinesque, 1815
  • Cryptoniscoidea , 1880

Epicaridea is a former suborder of isopods, now treated as part of the infraorder Cymothoida.[1] They are ectoparasites that inhabit other crustaceans, namely ostracods, copepods, barnacles and malacostracans. The suborder is found globally. Epicaridea are generally less well researched than other isopods.[2]

There is a high degree of sexual dimorphism within the order. The female is commonly very asymmetrical, often losing segmentation. Two pairs of rudimentary antennae are carried on the head. Mouthparts show little development, with only mandibles and maxillipeds present, sometimes with a second pair of rudimentary maxillae. Males are of smaller size than females and of different appearance. Development is through regressive metamorphosis, undergoing two or three larval stages.[3]

The oldest trace fossils of epicarideans, comprising preserved damage to gills of fossilised crustaceans, goes back to the Late Jurassic, and a lost specimen from the Toarcian of Western New Guinea suggests that it may go back further to the Early Jurassic. Fossil epicaridean larvae are known from the of France and the Burmese amber of Myanmar, dating to the early Late Cretaceous,[4][5] and also and from Miocene aged Chiapas amber.[6]

Classification[]

Eleven families are currently recognised within the suborder Epicaridea, divided into two superfamilies.[7][8]

  • Superfamily Bopyroidea Rafinesque, 1815

References[]

  1. ^ Angelika Brandt & Gary C. B. Poore (2003). "Higher classification of the flabelliferan and related Isopoda based on a reappraisal of relationships". . 17 (6): 893–923. doi:10.1071/IS02032.
  2. ^ Brian Morton (2003). Perspectives on Marine Environmental Change in Hong Kong and Southern China, 1977-2001. Hong Kong University Press. pp. 1–152. ISBN 962-209-641-7.
  3. ^ Harriet Richardson (1905). A Monograph on the Isopods of North America. Government Printing Office. pp. 1–497.
  4. ^ Schädel, Mario; Hörnig, Marie K.; Hyžný, Matúš; Haug, Joachim T. (2021-06-01). "Mass occurrence of small isopodan crustaceans in 100-million-year-old amber: an extraordinary view on behaviour of extinct organisms". PalZ. 95 (3): 429–445. doi:10.1007/s12542-021-00564-9. ISSN 1867-6812.
  5. ^ Schädel, Mario; Perrichot, Vincent; Haug, Joachim T. (2019-11-12). "Exceptionally preserved cryptoniscium larvae - morphological details of rare isopod crustaceans from French Cretaceous Vendean amber". Palaeontologia Electronica. 22 (3): 1–46. doi:10.26879/977. ISSN 1094-8074. S2CID 209391266.
  6. ^ Serrano-Sánchez, María de Lourdes; Nagler, Christina; Haug, Carolin; Haug, Joachim T.; Centeno-García, Elena; Vega, Francisco J. (2016-01-21). "The first fossil record of larval stages of parasitic isopods: cryptoniscus larvae preserved in Miocene amber". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen. 279 (1): 85414. doi:10.1127/njgpa/2016/0543. ISSN 0077-7749.
  7. ^ Joel W. Martin & George E. Davis (2001). An Updated Classification of the Recent Crustacea (PDF). Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. pp. 1–132.
  8. ^ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Epicaridea".

External links[]

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