Excoecaria
Excoecaria | |
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Excoecaria agallocha in Krishna Wildlife Sanctuary, Andhra Pradesh, India | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Rosids |
Order: | Malpighiales |
Family: | Euphorbiaceae |
Subfamily: | Euphorbioideae |
Tribe: | Hippomaneae |
Subtribe: | Hippomaninae |
Genus: | Excoecaria L. |
Species | |
See text | |
Synonyms[1] | |
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Excoecaria is a plant genus of the family Euphorbiaceae, formally described by Linnaeus in 1759.[2][3] The genus is native to the Old World Tropics (Africa, southern Asia, northern Australia, and assorted oceanic islands).[1][4][5]
Etymology[]
Genus name, Excoecaria, is from the Latin word excaeco, which means "to blind" and refers to the sap of the plants that can cause temporary blindness.[6]
Toxic latex[]
The milky latex of Excoecaria agallocha, also known as Thillai, milky mangrove, blind-your-eye mangrove and river poison tree, is poisonous. Mangroves of this plant surround the ancient Thillai Chidambaram Temple in Tamil Nadu. Contact with skin can cause irritation and rapid blistering; contact with eyes will result in temporary blindness. It is distributed in the Pichavaram wetlands, near Chidambaram India, in Australia from northern New South Wales, along the northern coastline around to Western Australia.The latex is extremely poisonous. Even dried and powdered leaves contain the poison which can kill fish very quickly.
Species list[]
The list of currently recognized species in this genus.[1]
- Excoecaria acerifolia - Uttarakhand, Yunnan, Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan
- Excoecaria acuminata - Fiji
- Excoecaria agallocha - S China, Indian Subcontinent, SE Asia, Papuasia, N Australia, W Pacific Is
- Excoecaria antsingyensis - Madagascar
- Excoecaria aporusifolia - Vietnam
- Excoecaria bantamensis - S Thailand, Philippines, Java, Kalimantan Barat
- Excoecaria benthamiana - Seychelles
- Excoecaria borneensis - Borneo, Sumatra, Philippines, Sulawesi, Maluku
- Excoecaria bussei - E + S Africa
- Excoecaria canjoerensis - India
- Excoecaria cochinchinensis - S China, Indochina, W Malaysia
- Excoecaria confertiflora - Viti Levu
- Excoecaria cuspidata - Meghalaya
- Excoecaria dallachyana - Queensland, New South Wales
- Excoecaria formosana - Nansei-shoto, Taiwan
- Excoecaria glaucescens - Madagascar
- Excoecaria goudotiana - Madagascar
- Excoecaria grahamii - W Africa
- Excoecaria guineensis - W + C Africa
- Excoecaria holophylla - Myanmar
- - Taiwan
- - Laos, Thailand
- - Madagascar
- - Madagascar, E + SE + S Africa
- - Mozambique
- - Philippines
- Excoecaria oppositifolia - Indian Subcontinent, Indochina
- - Philippines
- Excoecaria parvifolia - N Australia
- - Madagascar
- - Philippines, Sabah
- - Vietnam
- - Nicobar Islands
- Excoecaria simii - Cape Province, KwaZulu-Natal
- - Philippines
- - Madagascar
- - S China
- - Yunnan
Former species[]
These species were once included in Excoecaria but are not now consider members of this genus. They have been moved to these other genera: Actinostemon, Adenopeltis, Alchornea, Anomostachys, Bocquillonia, Bonania, Cerbera, Falconeria, Grimmeodendron, Gymnanthes, Homalanthus, Maprounea, Microstachys, Neoshirakia, Sapium, Sclerocroton, Sebastiania, Shirakiopsis, Spirostachys, Stillingia, and Triadica.[1]
- E. abyssinica -
- E. aerea - Sapium glandulosum
- E. africana - Spirostachys africana
- E. albicans -
- E. arguta -
- E. baccata -
- E. bicalcarata - Sebastiania bicalcarata
- E. biglandulosa - Sapium glandulosum
- E. bodenbenderi - Stillingia bodenbenderi
- E. brachyandra -
- E. brachypoda -
- E. brasiliensis - Sebastiania brasiliensis
- E. bridgesii -
- E. caribaea -
- E. chamelaea -
- E. colliguaya - Adenopeltis serrata
- E. concolor -
- E. cubensis -
- E. cuneata - Sapium cuneatum
- E. discolor - Sebastiania klotzschiana
- E. diversifolia - Shirakiopsis indica
- E. eglandulata - Sebastiania eglandulata
- E. eglandulosa -
- E. emarginata -
- E. erythrosperma -
- E. faradianensis -
- E. farinosa -
- E. glandulosa - Gymnanthes glandulosa
- E. glauca - Shirakiopsis indica
- E. glomeriflora -
- E. guianensis -
- E. haematosperma -
- E. hippophaifolia - Sebastiania schottiana
- E. hochstetteriana - Sclerocroton integerrimus
- E. indica - Shirakiopsis indica
- E. insignis - Falconeria insignis
- E. integerrima - Sclerocroton integerrimus
- E. japonica - Neoshirakia japonica
- E. klotzschii -
- E. laevis -
- E. lanceolaria - Triadica cochinchinensis
- E. lastellei - Anomostachys lastellei
- E. laurocerasus -
- E. leucogyna -
- E. leucosperma -
- E. lucida - Gymnanthes lucida
- E. macrocarpa - Sapium macrocarpum
- E. manniana -
- E. marginata - Sapium glandulosum
- E. martii -
- E. mauritiana - Stillingia lineata
- E. melanosticta -
- E. myricifolia -
- E. oblongifolia -
- E. obovata -
- E. obtusifolia - Sebastiania obtusifolia
- E. obtusiloba - Sapium glandulosum
- E. occidentalis - Sapium glandulosum
- E. ovatifolia - Cerbera odollam
- E. pallens -
- E. pallida -
- E. potamophila - Sebastiania potamophila
- E. reticulata - Sclerocroton integerrimus
- E. rhomboidea -
- E. riparia -
- E. sagrae -
- E. salpingadenia - Stillingia salpingadenia
- E. sebifera - Triadica sebifera
- E. serrata - Adenopeltis serrata
- E. serrulata -
- E. sicca -
- E. stylaris -
- E. suberosa - Sapium glandulosum
- E. subsessilis - Sebastiania subsessilis
- E. subulata - Sebastiania subulata
- E. sylvatica - Stillingia sylvatica
- E. synonym - Spirostachys africana
- E. tenax -
- E. tijueensis -
- E. tinifolia -
- E. tristis -
- E. unequidentata -
- E. venenifera -
- E. venulosa -
- E. virgata -
- E. warmingii - Sebastiania warmingii
References[]
- ^ a b c d Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
- ^ Linnaeus, Carl von. 1759. Systema Naturae, Editio Decima 2: 1288 in Latin
- ^ Tropicos Excoecaria L.
- ^ Govaerts, R., Frodin, D.G. & Radcliffe-Smith, A. (2000). World Checklist and Bibliography of Euphorbiaceae (and Pandaceae) 1-4: 1-1622. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- ^ Flora of China Vol. 11 Page 280 海漆属 hai qi shu Excoecaria Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10. 2: 1288. 1759.
- ^ "Excoecaria cochinchinensis". Flora Fauna Web. Singapore National Parks. Archived from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
External links[]
- Excoecaria
- Euphorbiaceae genera