Excoecaria

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Excoecaria
Excoecaria agallocha in Krishna Wildlife Sanctuary, Andhra Pradesh, India
Excoecaria agallocha in Krishna Wildlife Sanctuary, Andhra Pradesh, India
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Euphorbiaceae
Subfamily: Euphorbioideae
Tribe: Hippomaneae
Subtribe: Hippomaninae
Genus: Excoecaria
L.
Species

See text

Synonyms[1]
  • Commia Lour.
  • Glyphostylus Gagnep.
  • Taeniosapium Müll.Arg.

Excoecaria is a plant genus of the family Euphorbiaceae, formally described by Linnaeus in 1759.[2][3] The genus is native to the Old World Tropics (Africa, southern Asia, northern Australia, and assorted oceanic islands).[1][4][5]

Etymology[]

Genus name, Excoecaria, is from the Latin word excaeco, which means "to blind" and refers to the sap of the plants that can cause temporary blindness.[6]

Toxic latex[]

The milky latex of Excoecaria agallocha, also known as Thillai, milky mangrove, blind-your-eye mangrove and river poison tree, is poisonous. Mangroves of this plant surround the ancient Thillai Chidambaram Temple in Tamil Nadu. Contact with skin can cause irritation and rapid blistering; contact with eyes will result in temporary blindness. It is distributed in the Pichavaram wetlands, near Chidambaram India, in Australia from northern New South Wales, along the northern coastline around to Western Australia.The latex is extremely poisonous. Even dried and powdered leaves contain the poison which can kill fish very quickly.

Species list[]

The list of currently recognized species in this genus.[1]

  1. Excoecaria acerifolia - Uttarakhand, Yunnan, Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan
  2. Excoecaria acuminata - Fiji
  3. Excoecaria agallocha - S China, Indian Subcontinent, SE Asia, Papuasia, N Australia, W Pacific Is
  4. Excoecaria antsingyensis - Madagascar
  5. Excoecaria aporusifolia - Vietnam
  6. Excoecaria bantamensis - S Thailand, Philippines, Java, Kalimantan Barat
  7. Excoecaria benthamiana - Seychelles
  8. Excoecaria borneensis - Borneo, Sumatra, Philippines, Sulawesi, Maluku
  9. Excoecaria bussei - E + S Africa
  10. Excoecaria canjoerensis - India
  11. Excoecaria cochinchinensis - S China, Indochina, W Malaysia
  12. Excoecaria confertiflora - Viti Levu
  13. Excoecaria cuspidata - Meghalaya
  14. Excoecaria dallachyana - Queensland, New South Wales
  15. Excoecaria formosana - Nansei-shoto, Taiwan
  16. Excoecaria glaucescens - Madagascar
  17. Excoecaria goudotiana - Madagascar
  18. Excoecaria grahamii - W Africa
  19. Excoecaria guineensis - W + C Africa
  20. Excoecaria holophylla - Myanmar
  21. - Taiwan
  22. - Laos, Thailand
  23. - Madagascar
  24. - Madagascar, E + SE + S Africa
  25. - Mozambique
  26. - Philippines
  27. Excoecaria oppositifolia - Indian Subcontinent, Indochina
  28. - Philippines
  29. Excoecaria parvifolia - N Australia
  30. - Madagascar
  31. - Philippines, Sabah
  32. - Vietnam
  33. - Nicobar Islands
  34. Excoecaria simii - Cape Province, KwaZulu-Natal
  35. - Philippines
  36. - Madagascar
  37. - S China
  38. - Yunnan

Former species[]

These species were once included in Excoecaria but are not now consider members of this genus. They have been moved to these other genera: Actinostemon, Adenopeltis, Alchornea, Anomostachys, Bocquillonia, Bonania, Cerbera, Falconeria, Grimmeodendron, Gymnanthes, Homalanthus, Maprounea, Microstachys, Neoshirakia, Sapium, Sclerocroton, Sebastiania, Shirakiopsis, Spirostachys, Stillingia, and Triadica.[1]

  1. E. abyssinica -
  2. E. aerea - Sapium glandulosum
  3. E. africana - Spirostachys africana
  4. E. albicans -
  5. E. arguta -
  6. E. baccata -
  7. E. bicalcarata - Sebastiania bicalcarata
  8. E. biglandulosa - Sapium glandulosum
  9. E. bodenbenderi - Stillingia bodenbenderi
  10. E. brachyandra -
  11. E. brachypoda -
  12. E. brasiliensis - Sebastiania brasiliensis
  13. E. bridgesii -
  14. E. caribaea -
  15. E. chamelaea -
  16. E. colliguaya - Adenopeltis serrata
  17. E. concolor -
  18. E. cubensis -
  19. E. cuneata - Sapium cuneatum
  20. E. discolor - Sebastiania klotzschiana
  21. E. diversifolia - Shirakiopsis indica
  22. E. eglandulata - Sebastiania eglandulata
  23. E. eglandulosa -
  24. E. emarginata -
  25. E. erythrosperma -
  26. E. faradianensis -
  27. E. farinosa -
  28. E. glandulosa - Gymnanthes glandulosa
  29. E. glauca - Shirakiopsis indica
  30. E. glomeriflora -
  31. E. guianensis -
  32. E. haematosperma -
  33. E. hippophaifolia - Sebastiania schottiana
  34. E. hochstetteriana - Sclerocroton integerrimus
  35. E. indica - Shirakiopsis indica
  36. E. insignis - Falconeria insignis
  37. E. integerrima - Sclerocroton integerrimus
  38. E. japonica - Neoshirakia japonica
  39. E. klotzschii -
  40. E. laevis -
  41. E. lanceolaria - Triadica cochinchinensis
  42. E. lastellei - Anomostachys lastellei
  43. E. laurocerasus -
  44. E. leucogyna -
  45. E. leucosperma -
  46. E. lucida - Gymnanthes lucida
  47. E. macrocarpa - Sapium macrocarpum
  48. E. manniana -
  49. E. marginata - Sapium glandulosum
  50. E. martii -
  51. E. mauritiana - Stillingia lineata
  52. E. melanosticta -
  53. E. myricifolia -
  54. E. oblongifolia -
  55. E. obovata -
  56. E. obtusifolia - Sebastiania obtusifolia
  57. E. obtusiloba - Sapium glandulosum
  58. E. occidentalis - Sapium glandulosum
  59. E. ovatifolia - Cerbera odollam
  60. E. pallens -
  61. E. pallida -
  62. E. potamophila - Sebastiania potamophila
  63. E. reticulata - Sclerocroton integerrimus
  64. E. rhomboidea -
  65. E. riparia -
  66. E. sagrae -
  67. E. salpingadenia - Stillingia salpingadenia
  68. E. sebifera - Triadica sebifera
  69. E. serrata - Adenopeltis serrata
  70. E. serrulata -
  71. E. sicca -
  72. E. stylaris -
  73. E. suberosa - Sapium glandulosum
  74. E. subsessilis - Sebastiania subsessilis
  75. E. subulata - Sebastiania subulata
  76. E. sylvatica - Stillingia sylvatica
  77. E. synonym - Spirostachys africana
  78. E. tenax -
  79. E. tijueensis -
  80. E. tinifolia -
  81. E. tristis -
  82. E. unequidentata -
  83. E. venenifera -
  84. E. venulosa -
  85. E. virgata -
  86. E. warmingii - Sebastiania warmingii

References[]

  1. ^ a b c d Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  2. ^ Linnaeus, Carl von. 1759. Systema Naturae, Editio Decima 2: 1288 in Latin
  3. ^ Tropicos Excoecaria L.
  4. ^ Govaerts, R., Frodin, D.G. & Radcliffe-Smith, A. (2000). World Checklist and Bibliography of Euphorbiaceae (and Pandaceae) 1-4: 1-1622. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  5. ^ Flora of China Vol. 11 Page 280 海漆属 hai qi shu Excoecaria Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10. 2: 1288. 1759.
  6. ^ "Excoecaria cochinchinensis". Flora Fauna Web. Singapore National Parks. Archived from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 28 January 2021.

External links[]

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