Formula of Love: O+T=＜3

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The correct title of this article is Formula of Love: O+T=<3. The substitution or omission of any brackets is due to technical restrictions.
Formula of Love: O+T=<3
Twice - Formula of Love.png
Digital cover
Studio album by
Twice
ReleasedNovember 12, 2021 (2021-11-12)
Recorded2021
StudioJYPE Studios (Seoul)
GenreK-pop
Length48:31
Language
  • Korean
  • English
Label
Twice chronology
Perfect World
(2021) 		Formula of Love: O+T=<3
(2021) 		#Twice4
(2022)
Singles from Formula of Love: O+T=<3
  1. "The Feels"
    Released: October 1, 2021[a]
  2. "Scientist"
    Released: November 12, 2021

Formula of Love: O+T=<3[b] is the third Korean studio album (sixth overall) by South Korean girl group Twice. It was released on November 12, 2021, by JYP Entertainment and Republic Records. It follows the release of the group's first English-language single, "The Feels".

Selling over 700,000 units during its pre-order period, the album became Twice's best-selling album to date; surpassing a record previously held by More & More (2020). Primarily a disco-pop record, the album encapsulates a handful of genres such as Latin pop, hip hop, R&B, and synthpop. It earned Twice the third position on the Billboard 200, becoming the group's fourth and highest entry on the chart.

Background[]

Following Eyes Wide Open (2020), Formula of Love: O+T=<3 is Twice's third Korean-language studio album. It is the group's third release in 2021, following their tenth Korean extended play, Taste of Love, and third Japanese album, Perfect World.[2]

Formula of Love: O+T=<3 was first teased by Twice member Chaeyoung on September 13, 2021, in the behind-the-scenes video for her photoshoot with OhBoy! magazine, although at the time, not much was known about it.[3] At the end of the music video of Twice's first English single, "The Feels", a full-length album scheduled to be released in November 2021 was teased.[4] The name of the album and its release date were revealed on October 8.[2] A preview showing the four versions[c] of the physical album was posted on October 12.[5] Pre-orders began later that day.[6] On October 29, the album's track listing was announced.[7]

Composition[]

Formula of Love: O+T=<3 is a fifteen-track[d] album that features genres such as city pop,[8] dance-pop, deep house,[9] disco,[10] hip hop,[11] Latin pop,[12] nu-disco, reggaeton, and R&B.[8] Twice members Nayeon, Jihyo, Dahyun, and Chaeyoung took part in writing some songs from the album.[13][14] In an interview with the Associated Press, Jihyo revealed that the death of a houseplant was her inspiration for writing the song "Cactus" (선인장).[15]

Songs[]

Formula of Love: O+T=<3 opens with its title track, "Scientist", a "funky" dance-pop song, blending elements of synth-pop and deep house[9] by featuring '80s-inspired synths with "groovy" bass lines in its production.[16] Lyrically, it delves into the theme of love and studying the fundamentals of romance, and by using science-related word play, they declare there is no right answer to love.[11][14] It is followed by two English songs, "Moonlight" and "Icon"; with the former channeling '80s nostalgia through its "tropical disco vibes" and "cute percussion, claps and marimba leads", and the latter asserting the "most swag Twice can offer".[16] Following these two are songs written by Twice members, "Cruel" by Dahyun, "Real You" by Jihyo, and "F.I.L.A. (Fall in Love Again)" by Nayeon.[12]

Title[]

The album's title, Formula of Love: O+T=<3, has two meanings according to Twice. The letters O and T represent the initials of Once—the group's official fandom's name—and Twice, respectively, while the heart symbol (<3) represents love; thus, the "formula of love" can be verbalized as "Once plus Twice equals love".[17] The letters O and T also represent the initials of numbers 1 (one) and 2 (two), respectively, while the number 3 in the heart symbol (<3) represents the position of Formula of Love: O+T=<3 in Twice's Korean albums chronology.[18]

Release and promotion[]

On October 20, 2021, during the group's sixth anniversary week, Twice held a livestreaming event titled H6me Party with 6nce, where they sang "Candy", an English song from the album dedicated to their fans.[19] On October 24, JYP Entertainment released a mockumentary-style trailer featuring Twice members dressed up as scientists at the "Twice Love Lab".[20] Twice released several concept photos to promote the album and its title track, "Scientist".[21] In addition to these, teasers for the music video of "Scientist" were released days ahead of its release.[22] Hours before the official release of Formula of Love: O+T=<3, the group went live on YouTube and V Live to discuss the making-of the album.[23]

Critical reception[]

Professional ratings
Aggregate scores
SourceRating
Metacritic88/100[24]
Review scores
SourceRating
AllMusic[25]
Beats Per Minute82%[8]
NME[12]
PopMatters8/10[26]
Sputnikmusic3.8/5[16]

Formula of Love: O+T=<3 has received positive reviews from music critics who complimented its cohesiveness, consistency, and diversity. On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from professional publications, it received a mean score of 88 based on 5 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim"; it is one the highest-rated K-pop albums on the website, debuting with a mean score of 91.[27]

Writing for Sputnikmusic, Raul Stanciu gave Formula of Love: O+T=<3 a 3.8 out of 5 rating, praising Twice and the album's producers for presenting a "cohesive record", but stressed that it "could have been trimmed to 10 strong cuts". Stanciu also addressed the album's "slight drop in quality" on its second half.[16] Tanu I. Raj of NME gave the album a five-star rating, citing it as a "masterful win befitting [Twice's] global expansion". Raj added that the group's "absolute and unapologetic embracing of their concept has led them to the point where they can subvert it and still be considered credible".[12] South China Morning Post's Tamar Herman noted that "throughout it all, [the album] is a groovy, bouncy addition that feels true to the group while still trying new things."[28] For Beats Per Minute, Chase McMullen rated the album 82 out of 100, applauding Twice's "ability to crank out pop bliss with nearly superhuman speed" and the album's "irresistible eclecticism on display, with each and every track serving as a unique adventure into some different corner."[8] PopMatters critic Ana Clara Ribeiro wrote that the album is a proof for "anyone who ever thought of Twice as one-dimensional or that their 'cute' brand would limit them."[26] AllMusic's David Crone concluded his review by saying the album is Twice's best release to date and that it "surpasses expectations, infusing the group's love-centric lyricism with newfound confidence and creative flair."[25] Rolling Stone Korea called Formula of Love: O+T=<3 "the pinnacle of Twice's career history" and considered it as one of K-pop's best album of 2021.[29]

Year-end lists[]

Formula of Love: O+T=<3 on year-end lists
Critic/Publication List Rank Ref.
Beats Per Minute Top 50 Albums of 2021 48 [30]
Nylon 10 Best K-pop Albums of 2021 Placed [31]
Omelete 15 Best K-pop Albums of the Year 9 [32]
PopMatters Top 20 Best K-pop Albums of 2021 5 [33]
South China Morning Post 25 Best K-pop Albums of 2021 7 [34]
Time Best K-pop Songs and Albums of 2021 Placed [35]

Commercial performance[]

On November 10, 2021, it was reported that the album had gained over 630,000 pre-order sales by November 8, becoming Twice's most pre-ordered and best-selling album of all-time before its release.[36] By November 10, it had reached over 700,000 pre-order sales.[37] In its first week, MRC Data reported that the album had sold 66,000 album-equivalent units in the United States.[38] Of these, 58,000 were pure sales, 8,000 were streaming-equivalent units, and a negligible amount were track-equivalent units.[38] On January 6, 2022, the Korea Music Content Association (KMCA) certified Formula of Love: O+T=<3 2× Platinum after it sold more than 500,000 units in South Korea.[39]

Formula of Love: O+T=<3 debuted at number 1 on South Korea's Gaon Album Chart, making it Twice's tenth number-one album on the chart; following More & More (2020).[40] In Japan, it peaked at number 17 on Billboard Japan's Hot Albums chart[41] and at number 2 on Oricon's Albums Chart.[42] The album became Twice's highest-charting album in the US and Canada to date, peaking at numbers 3[43] and 17[44] on the Billboard 200 and the Canadian Albums Chart, respectively. In addition to this feat, the album has spent 8 consecutive weeks on the Billboard 200.[45] Moreover, on other Billboard charts, the album peaked at numbers 7, 2, and 1 on Tastemakers,[46] Top Album Sales,[47] and World Albums,[48] respectively. In Europe, the album appeared on Belgium's Ultratop Flanders and Wallonia 200 Albums,[49][50] Finland's Top 50 Albums,[51] Lithuania's Top 100 Albums,[52] the Netherlands' Album Top 100,[53] and the United Kingdom's Album Downloads Chart.[54]

Track listing[]

Track listing for Formula of Love: O+T=<3
No.TitleLyricsMusicArrangementLength
1."Scientist"Sim Eun-jee
  • Brown
  • Franks
  • Lindgren
3:14
2."Moonlight"
  • Jeremy Reeves
  • Jonathan Yip
  • Ray Charles McCullough II
  • Ray Romulus
The Stereotypes3:39
3."Icon"
  • GG Ramirez
  • Melanie Fontana
  • Fontana
  • Lindgren
  • Ramirez
Lindgren2:56
4."Cruel"Dahyun
  • Bilsby
  • Cutfather
  • Christiansen
3:31
5."Real You"Jihyo
  • Earattack
  • Gongdo
  • Master Key
  • Sophia Pae
  • Earattack
  • Gongdo
3:07
6."F.I.L.A. (Fall in Love Again)"Nayeon
  • Mason
  • Poole
  • Stokke Wik
  • Svendsen
3:11
7."Last Waltz"Sim Eun-jee
  • Ejae
  • Lee Hae-sol
  • Sim
Lee2:50
8."Espresso"
  • Mospick
  • Young Chance
  • Mospick
  • Young Chance
Mospick3:07
9."Rewind" (알고 싶지 않아)e.onee.onee.one3:00
10."Cactus" (선인장)Jihyo
  • Coke Paris
  • Jihyo
Coke Paris3:37
11."Push & Pull" (Jihyo, Sana, Dahyun)Lee Seu-ran
  • Anna Timgren
  • Justin Reinstein
Reinstein3:25
12."Hello" (Nayeon, Momo, Chaeyoung)
  • Davidior
  • Jed
  • Luke
  • Davidior
  • Jed
Davidior3:03
13."1, 3, 2" (Jeongyeon, Mina, Tzuyu)Sim Eun-jee
  • Alexander Pavelich
  • Jenson Vaughan
  • Lauren Dyson
  • Marcus Van Wattum
  • Dyson
  • Pavelich
  • Van Wattum
  • Vaughan
3:18
14."Candy"Lewis Shay "Shift K3Y" JankelShift K3YShift K3Y3:15
Physical edition only
No.TitleLyricsMusicArrangementLength
15."The Feels" (Korean version)
  • Boy Matthews
  • Chaeyoung
  • Lee Woo-min "collapsedone"
  • Reinstein
  • Timgren
  • collapsedone
  • Reinstein
  • Timgren
  • collapsedone
  • Reinstein
3:18
Total length:48:31
Digital edition only
No.TitleLyricsMusicArrangementLength
15."The Feels"
  • collapsedone
  • Matthews
  • Reinstein
  • Timgren
  • collapsedone
  • Reinstein
  • Timgren
  • collapsedone
  • Reinstein
3:18
16."Scientist" (R3hab remix)Sim Eun-jee
  • 72
  • Anne-Marie
  • Fontana
  • Lindgren
  • Brown
  • Franks
  • Brown
  • Franks
  • Lindgren
3:28
Total length:51:59
Result File version
No.TitleLyricsMusicArrangementLength
15."The Feels" (Korean version)
  • Chaeyoung
  • collapsedone
  • Matthews
  • Reinstein
  • Timgren
  • collapsedone
  • Reinstein
  • Timgren
  • collapsedone
  • Reinstein
3:18
16."The Feels"
  • collapsedone
  • Matthews
  • Reinstein
  • Timgren
  • collapsedone
  • Reinstein
  • Timgren
  • collapsedone
  • Reinstein
3:18
Total length:51:49
Notes
  • Tracks 11, 12, and 13 are performed by their respective sub-unit.[55]

Personnel[]

Credits adapted from Melon and album liner notes.[56][57]

Musicians[]

  • Twice – vocals (all tracks)
  • 72 – producer (tracks 1, 17)
  • Alexander Pavelich – producer (track 13)
  • Alma Guðmundsdóttir – producer (track 4)
  • Anna Timgren – background vocals (tracks 15–16), lyricist (track 4), producer (tracks 4, 15–16)
  • Anne Judith Wik – arranger, producer (track 6)
  • Anne-Marie – producer (tracks 1, 17)
  • Boy Matthews – lyricist (tracks 15–16)
  • Brooke Tomlinson – producer (track 4)
  • Choi Joon-yeong – bass (track 10)
  • Coke Paris (희창) – arranger, guitar, MIDI programmer, piano, producer (track 10)
  • Cutfather – arranger, producer (track 4)
  • Davidior – arranger, lyricist, producer (track 12)
  • Destiny Rogers – lyricist (track 2)
  • e.one (정호현) – arranger, lyricist, keyboard, producer (track 9)
  • earattack – arranger, producer, (track 5)
  • Ejae – background vocals, producer (track 7)
  • GG Ramirez – lyricist, producer (track 3)
  • Gongdo – arranger, producer (track 5)
  • Jake Torrey – lyricist (track 2)
  • Jed – lyricist, producer (track 12)
  • Jenson Vaughan – arranger, producer (track 13)
  • Jeppe London Bilsby – arranger, producer (track 4)
  • Jeremy Reeves – producer (track 2)
  • Jonathan Yip – producer (track 2)
  • Justin Reinstein – arranger (tracks 11, 15–16), instrumentation (track 11), lyricist (tracks 15–16), producer (tracks 11, 15–16), synthesizer (tracks 15–16)
  • Kang Dong-ha – piano (track 8)
  • Karen Poole – arranger, producer (track 6)
  • Kim Jong-sung – guitar (track 5)
  • Kim Myeong-gwan – guitar (track 10)
  • Lauren Dyson – arranger, producer (track 13)
  • Lauritz Emil Christiansen – producer (track 4)
  • Lee Eun-seong – chorus vocals (track 10)
  • Lee Hae-sol – arranger, instrumentation, keyboard, synthesizer, producer (track 7)
  • Lee Seu-ran – lyricist (track 11)
  • Lee Woo-min "collapsedone" – arranger, bass, guitar, instrumentation, lyricist, producer, synthesizer (tracks 15–16)
  • Luke – lyricist (track 12)
  • Marcus Van Wattum – arranger, producer (track 13)
  • Master Key – producer (track 5)
  • Melanie Fontana – background vocals (tracks 1, 3, 17), lyricist (track 3), producer (tracks 1, 3, 17)
  • Michael Pollack – lyricist (track 2)
  • Michel "Lindgren" Schulz – arranger, producer (tracks 1, 3, 17), vocal producer (tracks 1, 17)
  • Mospick – arranger, lyricist, producer (track 8)
  • Park Woo-jeong – guitar (track 8)
  • Ronny Svendsen – arranger, producer (track 6)
  • R3hab – arranger, producer, remixer (track 17)
  • Ray Charles McCullough II – producer (track 2)
  • Ray Romulus – producer (track 2)
  • Shift K3Y – arranger, lyricist, producer (track 14)
  • Sim Eun-jee – lyricist (tracks 1, 7, 13, 17), producer (track 7)
  • Sonny J Mason – arranger, producer (track 6)
  • Sophia Pae – background vocals (tracks 1–6, 11, 13–17), producer (track 5)
  • Sound Kim – background vocals (track 8)
  • Steven Franks – arranger, producer (tracks 1, 17)
  • The Stereotypes – arranger (track 2)
  • Tommy Brown – arranger, producer (tracks 1, 17)
  • Young Chance – electric piano, lyricist, producer (track 8)

Technical[]

  • Coke Paris (희창) – vocal editing (track 10)
  • Choi Hye-jin – recording (tracks 8, 12)
  • David K. Younghyun – assistant mixing (tracks 15–16)
  • earattack – vocal director (track 12)
  • Eom Se-hee – recording (tracks 1–10, 13–17)
  • Gene Grimaldi – mastering (track 2)
  • Jeong Yu-ra – digital editing (tracks 5, 12)
  • Jiyoung Shin NYC – additional editing (tracks 4, 6, 11, 14), digital editing (track 13)
  • John Hanes – immersive mixing (track 16)
  • Justin Reinstein – programmer (tracks 11, 15–16)
  • Kevin "KD" Davis – mixing (track 2)
  • Kang Dong-ho – assistant mixing (tracks 8–9)
  • Koo Jong-pil – mixing (tracks 7, 12, 14)
  • Koo Hye-jin – recording (tracks 1–2, 5, 7, 9–11, 14, 17)
  • Kwon Nam-woo – mastering (tracks 1, 3–16)
  • Lee Sang-yeop – recording (tracks 3–4, 6, 14–16)
  • Lee Tae-seop – mixing (tracks 1, 3, 5)
  • Lee Woo-min "collapsedone" – programmer, vocal director, vocal editing (tracks 15–16)
  • Park Eun-jeong – mixing (tracks 6, 11)
  • R3hab – mastering, mixing, remixer (track 17)
  • Shin Bong-won – mixing (track 11)
  • Sim Eun-jee – digital editing, vocal director (tracks 1, 7, 13, 17)
  • Sophia Pae – vocal director (tracks 2–4, 6, 14–17)
  • Tony Maserati – mixing (tracks 15–16)
  • Uncle Joe (조씨아저씨) – mixing (tracks 8–9)

Charts[]

Certifications and sales[]

Certifications for Formula of Love: O+T=<3
Region Certification Certified units/sales
Japan — 68,975[61]
South Korea (KMCA)[39] 2× Platinum 865,431[62]
United States — 58,000[38]

Release history[]

Release dates and formats for Formula of Love: O+T=<3
Country Date Format(s) Label Ref.
Various November 12, 2021
[63]
CD [64]
United States CD (Target exclusive) [65]
South Korea December 17, 2021 CD (Result File version) JYP [66]

See also[]

Notes[]

  1. ^ Digital edition only.
  2. ^ Read as "O plus T equals heart".[1] For its definition, see § Title.
  3. ^ Study About Love, Break It, Explosion, and Full of Love.[5]
  4. ^ The digital edition of Formula of Love: O+T=<3 features 16 tracks. See § Track listing.

References[]

  1. ^ TWICE Reveals How They've Changed Over the Years. YouTube. Then vs. Now. Seventeen. November 12, 2021. Event occurs at 11:28. Retrieved November 16, 2021.
  2. ^ a b Citations concerning releases prior to Formula of Love: O+T=<3:
  3. ^ Ziwei, Puah (September 14, 2021). "TWICE's Chaeyoung reveals the girl group are "recording" new music". NME. Archived from the original on October 9, 2021. Retrieved October 15, 2021.
  4. ^ Citations concerning the release of "The Feels":
  5. ^ a b "TWICE THE 3RD FULL ALBUM "Formula of Love: O+T=<3" Album Preview". Twice Official Site (in Korean). October 12, 2021. Archived from the original on October 13, 2021. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  6. ^ "TWICE THE 3RD FULL ALBUM "Formula of Love: O+T=<3" Pre-Order". Twice Official Site. October 12, 2021. Archived from the original on October 13, 2021. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  7. ^ Yeo, Gladys (October 29, 2021). "TWICE unveil the tracklist for 'Formula of Love: O+T=<3'". NME. Archived from the original on October 29, 2021. Retrieved October 29, 2021.
  8. ^ a b c d McMullen, Chase (November 16, 2021). "Album Review: TWICE – Formula of Love: O+T=<3". Beats Per Minute. Archived from the original on November 16, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021.
  9. ^ a b Dongre, Divyansha (November 12, 2021). "TWICE Decodes The Formula Of Love in 'Scientist'". Rolling Stone India. Archived from the original on November 12, 2021. Retrieved November 12, 2021.
  10. ^ "TWICE serve up disco delights on glistening global single 'The Feels'". NME. October 1, 2021. Archived from the original on October 26, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2021.
  11. ^ a b Ziwei, Puah (November 12, 2021). "TWICE unveil third full-length album, 'Formula of Love: O+T=<3'". NME. Archived from the original on November 12, 2021. Retrieved November 12, 2021.
  12. ^ a b c d Raj, Tanu I. (November 15, 2021). "TWICE – 'Formula of Love: O+T=<3' review: a masterful win befitting their global expansion". NME. Archived from the original on November 15, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2021.
  13. ^ Seon, Mi-kyung (November 12, 2021). "'컴백' 트와이스 "정규3집 기뻐..재미있는 앨범 됐으면 좋겠다"[일문일답]". OSEN (in Korean). Archived from the original on November 12, 2021. Retrieved November 12, 2021.
  14. ^ a b Bailey, Alyssa (November 12, 2021). "TWICE on The Meaning of Their Album 'Formula of Love: O+T=♡' and How 6 Years Together Made Them a Family". Elle. Archived from the original on November 12, 2021. Retrieved November 12, 2021.
  15. ^ Park, Juwon (November 15, 2021). "K-pop band TWICE basking in global popularity, plans US tour". Associated Press. Archived from the original on November 15, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021.
  16. ^ a b c d Stanciu, Raul (November 14, 2021). "Review: Twice – Formula of Love: O+T=<3". Sputnikmusic. Archived from the original on November 15, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2021.
  17. ^ Hong, Hye-min (November 11, 2021). "트와이스, 선주문만 70만 장". Hankook Ilbo (in Korean). Archived from the original on November 11, 2021. Retrieved November 11, 2021.
  18. ^ "TWICE – Formula of Love: O+T=<3". Twice Official Website (in Korean). Archived from the original on November 12, 2021. Retrieved November 12, 2021. The title has dual meanings: 'when ONCE and TWICE meet, it becomes love (<3)' by using the initials of ONCE, the official name of TWICE's fandom, and TWICE, and it is the third full-length album ('1+2=3') by using English words.
  19. ^ Citations concerning the live performance of "Candy":
  20. ^ Citations concerning Formula of Love: O+T=<3's album trailer:
  21. ^ Lee, Soo-jin (November 4, 2021). "트와이스, 이번엔 펑키한 '익스플로전' 버전 공개". Newsis (in Korean). Archived from the original on November 8, 2021. Retrieved November 8, 2021.
  22. ^ Lee, Seul (November 10, 2021). "트와이스, '사이언티스트' 퍼포먼스 일부 공개...귀여운 악동 변신". Xports News (in Korean). Archived from the original on November 10, 2021. Retrieved November 10, 2021.
  23. ^ Lee, Deok-haeng (November 13, 2021). "트와이스, 'SCIENTIST'로 新 인기 공식 정립…"팬들에게 선물 같은 작품이길"". Star News (in Korean). Archived from the original on January 12, 2022. Retrieved January 12, 2022 – via Naver.
  24. ^ "Formula of Love: O+T=<3 by Twice Reviews and Tracks". Metacritic. Archived from the original on January 19, 2022. Retrieved January 19, 2022.
  25. ^ a b Crone, David (January 14, 2022). "Formula of Love: O+T=<3 – Twice". AllMusic. Archived from the original on January 15, 2022. Retrieved January 15, 2022.
  26. ^ a b Ribeiro, Ana Clara (December 15, 2021). "TWICE Upgrade Their Brand On 'Formula of Love: O+T=<3'". PopMatters. Archived from the original on December 15, 2021. Retrieved December 16, 2021.
  27. ^ "Formula of Love: O+T=<3 by Twice Reviews and Tracks". Metacritic. Archived from the original on December 15, 2021. Retrieved December 16, 2021.
  28. ^ Herman, Tamar (November 15, 2021). "Twice's album Formula of Love: O+T=<3 explores love in all its glory". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on November 16, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021.
  29. ^ Kim, Young-dae (February 21, 2022). "마침내 찾아낸 궁극의 레시피 – TWICE [Formula of Love: O+T=<3]" [The Ultimate Recipe, Finally Found – TWICE [Formula of Love: O+T=<3]]. Rolling Stone Korea (in Korean). Retrieved February 22, 2022.
  30. ^ Early, JT (December 16, 2021). "BPM's Top 50 Albums of 2021". Beats Per Minute. Archived from the original on December 17, 2021. Retrieved December 17, 2021.
  31. ^ "The Top K-pop Albums of 2021". Nylon. December 16, 2021. Archived from the original on December 17, 2021. Retrieved December 17, 2021.
  32. ^ Coletti, Caio (December 16, 2021). "Os 15 melhores álbuns de k-pop do ano" [The 15 best K-pop albums of the year]. Omelete (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from the original on December 18, 2021. Retrieved December 19, 2021.
  33. ^ Ribeiro, Ana Clara (November 29, 2021). "The 20 Best K-Pop Albums of 2021". PopMatters. Archived from the original on November 29, 2021. Retrieved November 29, 2021.
  34. ^ Hernan, Tamar (December 22, 2021). "25 best K-pop albums of 2021: Twice, Red Velvet, NCT 127, Seventeen and Monsta X are all there, but who took the No 1 spot?l". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on December 22, 2021. Retrieved December 22, 2021.
  35. ^ Moon, Kat (December 8, 2021). "The Best K-Pop Songs and Albums of 2021". Time. Archived from the original on December 9, 2021. Retrieved December 9, 2021.
  36. ^ Kim, Min-ji (November 10, 2021). "트와이스, 정규 3집 선주문 63만장 돌파...자체 최고 기록 경신". News1 (in Korean). Archived from the original on November 10, 2021. Retrieved November 10, 2021.
  37. ^ Park, Seo-yeon (November 11, 2021). "트와이스, 정규 3집 선주문 70만 장 돌파..자체 최고 기록 달성(공식)". Herald Pop (in Korean). Archived from the original on November 11, 2021. Retrieved November 11, 2021 – via Naver.
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  61. ^ Total album sales for Formula of Love: O+T=<3:
  62. ^ Total album sales for Formula of Love: O+T=<3:
    • "2021년 11월 Album Chart" [November 2021 Album Chart]. Gaon Music Chart (in Korean). Korea Music Content Association. Archived from the original on December 9, 2021. Retrieved December 9, 2021.
    • "2021년 12월 Album Chart" [December 2021 Album Chart]. Gaon Music Chart (in Korean). Korea Music Content Association. Archived from the original on January 7, 2021. Retrieved January 6, 2022.
    • "2022년 01월 Album Chart" [January 2022 Album Chart]. Gaon Music Chart (in Korean). Korea Music Content Association. Archived from the original on February 10, 2022. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
    • "2022년 02월 Album Chart" [February 2022 Album Chart]. Gaon Music Chart (in Korean). Korea Music Content Association. Archived from the original on March 10, 2022. Retrieved March 10, 2022.
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  64. ^ Citations concerning Formula of Love: O+T=<3 release formats:
  65. ^ "TWICE - Formula of Love: O+T=<3 (Target Exclusive, CD)". Target. Archived from the original on October 12, 2021. Retrieved October 22, 2021.
  66. ^ "트���이스 (TWICE) 3집 - Formula of Love: O+T=<3 [Result file ver.]". Yes24. Archived from the original on December 6, 2021. Retrieved December 6, 2021.
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